M karfe 625

Ungs Nickl 200 shine 99.6% tsarkakakken ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa da ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan ƙarfe na rayuwa. Ya nuna kyakkyawan kayan aikin injiniya da kuma high thermal da kuma aiki na lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, Nickel 200 samfuran Properties da kayan aikin sunadarai suna sa dama yafi dacewa kuma sosai tsayayya ga mahalli masu lalata

Nickel Alhoy 400 da na onel 400, wanda kuma aka sani da unƙasa Nickoy na jan ƙarfe da aka kunshi da farko na biyu cikin uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel. Nickel Alloy 400 an san shi da juriya game da yanayin lalata yanayi, gami da Alkalis (ko acidros), ruwan gishiri, acid. Tunda Monel 400 ko Alloy 400 karfe ne mai sanyi, wannan rigakafin yana da wuya, taurin kai da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar sanyi Astm B164 uns n04400 mashin n04400 san hannun jari, an gina alloy zuwa matakan mikiya na inji, wanda kuma ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microsoy na Microstruchture.

1. Janar-manufa mai kyau bututun ƙarfe suna birgima da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙarfe

Yana nuna kyakkyawar juriya ga tsaka tsaki da rage mahalli. Wannan alloy yaso da isasshen oxide, fim mai kariya wanda baya kashewa, amma yana riƙe da manyan juriya da iskar shaka ta iskar shaka a cikin yanayin zafi.

Astm bayani dalla-dalla ya rufe da yawa carbon, ado, da Martensitic bakin karfe kwayoyi a cikin girma dabam daga 1 \ / 4 zuwa 4 inci da awo. Hakanan yana rufe bakin karfe bakin karfe a cikin girman kewayon 1 \ / 4 inch da M6 maras muhimmanci da sama da na sama. Ana amfani da waɗannan kwayoyi don matsanancin matsin lamba ko sabis na zazzabi, ko duka biyun.

304 pooling spools ana yin shi ne da karfe 304, gama gari da shahararrun abubuwa a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar juriya ga lalata da hadawa. Wadannan prooling pooling spools suna da profabricated ta amfani da ingar amfani da kayan masarufi da matakai, wanda tabbatar da cewa suna daidai da abin dogaro.

Astm a320 L7m aji kamar yadda ake amfani da su a cikin binciken mai da gas da kayan aiki - bututun ruwa, bututun zafi.

Zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙamshi da yawa na oxidizing da marasa amfani da ba su haifar da juriya da tsayayya da tashin hankali da kuma harin da sauran halides.
Bakin karfe peples sutsuls abinci aji aji 304 lanƙwasa

Girman kai 36® nickel-baƙin ƙarfe ne, ƙaramin bayanihonan da ya ƙunshi 36% Nickel - 500 ° C).

a. Wadata gwargwadon tsarin sunadarai da kaddarorin na injin;
Duk a cikin duka, idan kuna buƙatar manyan juriya na lalata kuma aikace-aikacenku ya ƙunshi ruwa, to 316 karfe ya cancanci hakan. Idan ba, 304 karfe zasu dace da bukatunku da kyau.
b. Bisa ga kayan aikin injin;

A 316 Bakin Karfe PIPE ya zama kayan da ba makawa ga ɓangaren masana'antu. Wannan yana yin farin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma chrome an san shi ne saboda babban juriya ga lalata, kazalika da karkatarwar sa. 316 Bakin karfe Tushewar za'a iya samar da su a duka baby da ba da haske don biyan takamaiman bukatun abokin ciniki.

M pipe \ / bututu (bututun smls \ / bututu), pipewararrun bututu, ms manyan diamita mara kyau bututu, 

Billets da coils ana ba da su ga bututun motar motar niƙa a cikin bututun carbon karfe. Ya danganta da damar bututun bututun injin kuma ƙarshen amfani da samfurin ƙarshe, za a kafa simintin cikin bututu ta hudu. Yana da, a ainihi, yanki mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi na ƙarfe. A m Bilet ne kawai mai zafi sannan a miƙa kan jerin mandrels har sai bututun ya sami damar diamita da ake so da bango.

Ana amfani da bututun mai sauri a masana'antu a cikin manyan masana'antu ciki har da sarrafawa na petrochemical, masana'antar sarrafa kayan aikin sunadarai, masu girki da tsire-tsire mai.

Wannan yana bayar da inganta juriya ga sulfuric acid. Hakanan yana da babban abun ciki na chromium, don haɓaka juriya game da sinadarai da ƙayyadowin da ke gurbata tare da ferric ions da kuma narkar da ointen oints kuma narkar da oxygen.

Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yanayin bincike da gas da gas kuma a cikin masu musayar zafi a cikin petrochemical \ / sarrafa sunadarai.

Alloy 3550 shine Super Duplex Bakin Karfe da aka bayar a cikin aikin zafi da kuma yanayin da aka ambata.

Nickel tushen 800 incoloy pipe an san shi da kyau da lalata ga lalata. Ainihin magana, wanda ke cikin Incoloy 800 bututu yana ba da isasshen juriya game da carburitization duka da lalata hadawa da iskar shaka.

Ana bayyanar da COIL 625 ta hanyar da ta yi kyau game da juriya ga hadawa, m lalata lalata da gajiya. Astm b443 uns n06625 an yi amfani da farantin m farantin, kayan aikin sunadarai da ƙura saboda ƙarfinsa ko da taurin kai.

Bakin karfe masu taimako
Nickel Alloy sune wasu daga cikin kayan amfani na masana'antu mafi kyawun kayan aiki.nicles don ƙwayar ƙarfe ne wanda ke da nikerel da kuma wasu abubuwa a cikin abun da ke ciki.

Balagagge na titanium kusan kashi 60% na bakin karfe da allon nickel, wannan tanadi mai nauyi yana sa ya zama sanannen sanannen zaɓi a cikin aikace-aikacen inda Aerospace.

Za'a iya rarraba bututun ƙarfe na karfe bisa ga aikin sa. Aikace-aikace na yau da kullun na bututun ƙarfe suna cikin fannin madara, layin bututu, layin ƙasa, masana'antu na motoci, masana'antu gine-ginen da sauran dalilai.

Unguwa da aka ambata kamar Alloy Al6xn Al6xn shine ƙananan carbon, babban tsarki, nitrogen-moldenum super-molyitenum reurmeri da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata da kuma kyakkyawan lalata.

Hakanan muna bayar da kayan kwalliya iri-iri na ASM A182 flanges, siloy karfe flanges, flange slanges, flange slanges, flange slanges, flange slanges, peloy karfe Karfe f5 rage flani, Astm A182 f5 songing sying na nau'in hadin gwiwa (RTJ) da sauransu.

An tsara Monel 400 a matsayin lambar Werkstoff 2.4360 da und N04400. Alloy 400 PIP 400 PIPE wanda aka sani da Monel Alloy 400 bututu, monel 400 bututu & nickel Alloy 400 bututu.

Alloy C276 Nickeel Aloy shine ɗayan kayan jingina masu jure abubuwan da ke cikin lalata da ke yin abubuwa da kyau a cikin dissidizing da rage yawan oxdizing da rage mahalli. Saboda haka ana amfani da farantin C276 N10276 a masana'antu kamar jingina da kuma samar da takarda, da kuma maganin sharar gida da birni, har ma da dawo da kayan gas na yau da kullun a cikin rijiyoyin.

Allioy 800 WELD WHEL
Uns no2200 Wn Flangs
Gyara-expansion gilashin fadada-nickel-Nickel-cogert Aloleys, KOVAR Alloys, kuna da daidaituwa na zafi a cikin wani yanki mai wahala a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi
Don canjin sutura tare da gilashi mai wahala

Incoloy 800h flange muna da karfi suna da karfi a cikin masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban iri wanda zai dace da bukatun abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Peamless mai laushi yana da mafi kyawun matsi mai ƙarfi, ƙarfin ya fi ErW weldsed karfe bututu. Don haka ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin kayan aiki mai ƙarfi, da thermal, boiler masana'antu. Gabaɗaya da walwala seam na welded karfe bututu ne mai rauni ra'ayi, ingancin yana shafar gaba ɗaya.

Al6xn wani seprenitic bakin karfe tare da fitattun juriya ga chloride pittroation, vervice lalata da damuwa ciwon jiki. Al6xn shine 6 na Aloly Alloy wanda aka inganta don kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin mahalli mai tsauri. Yana da babban nickel (24%), mlybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen da chromium m crossion crosros crossion crosros, chloride m jonishration, da kuma na kwarai na lalata juriya. Al6xn an yi amfani da shi da farko don inganta rikicewa da ganyayyaki lalata juriya a cikin chlawed. Yana da sinadari mai kyau da walwala.

Nickel 200 flanges flanges na nickel 200 flanges sagewa ne, gyara da tsayayye, kuma ku sami lafiya. Haka kuma, Astm B564 asa mara nasara flanges flashe ne a cikin tsaka tsaki da oxidizing, sa su zama cikakke don amfani da kayan aiki na abinci.

Babban ƙarfi da juriya da lalata da cutar gunduma suna ba da izinin amfani da ƙarfe na bakin ciki a cikin aikace-aikacen turawa da masana'antu, makamashi, da kuma ɓangaren litattafan takarda.

Tunda Allioy C-276 ya ƙunshi babban adadin nickel a cikin tsarin sunadarai, ƙarfe yana durthile sosai. Saboda haka samar da shi cikin sauri da yawa mai fasasshen bututun mai ya zama mai sauqi qwarai. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine kawai amfanin da wannan Alhoy. Kamar nickel da yawa dauke da alloys, ƙarfi da lalata lalata da lalata na wannan alloy ya sa ya nemi ɗayan ta hanyar kundin bayanai. Karfe yana da ikon nuna babbar juriya ga pitting. Unlike highly ductile materials that tend to exhibit failure against stress corrosion cracking, on the application of a tensile load, the Alloy C276 Pipe Fittings are able to withstand such levels of stress.

Flange shine hanyar haɗawa da haɗawa bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ana amfani da flanges lokacin da haɗin gwiwa na buƙatar rolling. Yana bayar da sassauƙa don kulawa. Flani yana haɗu da bututu da kayan aiki da bawuloli. Ana ƙara flanges masu fashewa a cikin tsarin bututun mai idan an tabbatar da kulawa ta yau da kullun yayin aikin shuka.
Flanged hadin gwiwa yana hade da uku daban-daban daban-daban da ya hade ko da yake; flanges, gas, da kuma bolting; wanda ake tattare da wani tasiri, mai dacewa. Ana buƙatar masu sarrafawa na musamman a cikin zaɓi da aikace-aikacen duk akwai abubuwan da zasu iya samun haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke da karfin gwiwa.
FT-276 PIPE SUTTings suna nufin masana'antar da aka yi wa masana'antar da aka yi Nickkel Alloy Super kerings da Astm B366 Un0 N10276. Ana iya tsara shi azaman crhC276 (lalata tsayayya kayan aiki) ko wphc276 (Asme matsi mai matsi). The fittings can be manufactured from pipe or tube of ASTM B619, B622, B626 UNS N10276, plate, sheet or strip of ASTM B575 UNS N10276, forging or bar of ASTM B564, B462, B472, B574 Gr. N10276. A lafiyayyen C-276 ana samarwa ne a cikin nau'ikan haɗin 3: Butted Welding, zaren, walda, walda, rufe takamaiman bayanai.

Flani wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci, lebe ko rim, ko dai waje ko na ciki, wanda ke bauta don haɓaka ƙarfi (kamar yadda flanging na katako na baƙin ƙarfe kamar i-katako ko t-katako); Don sauƙaƙe abin da aka makala \ / Canja wurin karuwa tare da wani abu (azaman flanger a ƙarshen bututu, silinda yake silima, da sauransu, ko a kan Dutsen ruwan tabarau); ko don inganta da kuma jagorantar motsin injin ko sassan sa (kamar yadda ke cikin motar dogo ko tafiye tafiye, wanda ke kiyaye ƙafafun daga gudu daga gudu. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "flani" don wani nau'in kayan aiki da ake amfani da shi don samar da flanges.
Nickel-tagulla na tushen Singy 400 Monel 2.4360 sanyi Drawny sanda shi ne kusan hanyoyin lalata da ke tattare da kafaffiyar hanya a cikin mahalli na yau da kullun. Monel 400 ne jan ƙarfe da na nickel dangane da wannan sanannen ya shahara a yau saboda babban aikinta. Alloy yana da kyakkyawan acid da alkali resistance. Bugu da kari, yana da ƙarfi mai yawa, karkara, kyakkyawan aiki, kuma yana iya taurare ta hanyar aikin sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani dashi a aikace-aikace tare da yanayin zafi daga debe ga digiri 538 Celsius.

Wadannan enbakan 80 suna kuma suna cikin kewayon girman girman. Dalilin amfani da AsheM ASP A234 Gr WPB Enbow shine canza shugabanci ko kwarara a cikin pipping tsarin.

Don aikace-aikacen zazzabi har zuwa 1,000 Ã ãc (1,832 ¡Ãf), maganin da aka bi da bambanci (FT 2) zuwa lambar asme don matsin lamba na matsin lamba.

yana daɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗaɗa ƙarfe, kuma bututun ƙarfe ba tare da walwala a farfajiya ba ana kiranta bututun ƙarfe mara nauyi. A cewar hanyar samarwa, za a iya raba bututun karfe mara kyau zuwa cikin bututun ƙarfe mara kyau, sanyi-mirgine bututun ƙarfe na sanyi, da bututun ƙarfe mara kyau, da bututun ƙarfe mara kyau. Dangane da siffar bangaren giciye, bututun ƙarfe mara kyau sun kasu kashi biyu: zagaye da mai siffa daban-daban. Musamman busassun ƙuruciya sun haɗa da shubes na musamman, shambura elliptical, shambura na gubobi, gubayen gyada, gandalin guna na guna ne 900mam kuma mafi karancin diamita shine 400mm kuma mafi karancin diamita shine 400mm kuma mafi karancin diamita shine 41. Dangane da amfani daban-daban, akwai lokacin farin ciki-walled m bututun karfe da kuma bakin ciki-walled m butpes.

SS 310 shine kayan SS na Austenitic. An tsara shi don amfani a zazzabi da yawa da dalilai masu jurezugi. Shi a karkashin yanayin cyclic yanayin yana tsayayya da hadawan abu da iskar shaka zuwa 1100 deg C.

M 800, 800h da 800ht sune allokel-Iron-chromium alloys da kyakkyawan ƙarfi da juriya da juriya da kuma juriya na Carburization a babban yanayin zafi. Wadannan nau'ikan kayan ado na karfe iri daya ne sai cewa 800h alloy suna da abubuwan da ke cikin carbon, kuma kusan 1.20% ana ƙara aluminum a cikin 800ht pooy.

Flange shine hanyar haɗawa da haɗawa bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ana amfani da flanges lokacin da haɗin gwiwa na buƙatar rolling. Yana bayar da sassauƙa don kulawa. Flani yana haɗu da bututu da kayan aiki da bawuloli. Ana ƙara flanges masu fashewa a cikin tsarin bututun mai idan an tabbatar da kulawa ta yau da kullun yayin aikin shuka.
Flanged hadin gwiwa yana hade da uku daban-daban daban-daban da ya hade ko da yake; flanges, gas, da kuma bolting; wanda ake tattare da wani tasiri, mai dacewa. Ana buƙatar masu sarrafawa na musamman a cikin zaɓi da aikace-aikacen duk akwai abubuwan da zasu iya samun haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke da karfin gwiwa.
FT-276 PIPE SUTTings suna nufin masana'antar da aka yi wa masana'antar da aka yi Nickkel Alloy Super kerings da Astm B366 Un0 N10276. Ana iya tsara shi azaman crhC276 (lalata tsayayya kayan aiki) ko wphc276 (Asme matsi mai matsi). The fittings can be manufactured from pipe or tube of ASTM B619, B622, B626 UNS N10276, plate, sheet or strip of ASTM B575 UNS N10276, forging or bar of ASTM B564, B462, B472, B574 Gr. N10276. A lafiyayyen C-276 ana samarwa ne a cikin nau'ikan haɗin 3: Butted Welding, zaren, walda, walda, rufe takamaiman bayanai.

Alliy 800 weld wuyan waka muna da tsananin suna a masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban na samar da wasu abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Nilo Aloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Haɗin kai-baƙin ƙarfe ne, faɗaɗa nichoon wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 36% kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakawa na goma da goma.

Bakin karfe wani abu ne mai nasaba da aka yi amfani da shi a tsakanin ƙasan da aka fi amfani da su a duk faɗin duniya.bend karfe a403 wp30 abun ciki.

Manufofin masu tsayayya da saurin saurin sauri suna amfani da su ne da masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai. Bukatar ingantaccen aiki tana haifar da karbara da ci gaban su a bangarorin makamashi, lafiya da gas, man gas da masana'antar Gas na Gas.

316l 1.4401 S31603 bututun karfe mai yawa wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci. Wannan ss esp unpe s31603 an yi shi ne daga ingancin karfe 316l karfe tare da kyakkyawan farin ƙarfe ga lalata wurare ko aikace-aikacen zartarwar damuwa.

Mugun da ba shi da iyaka 600 na zagaye shine tushen Nickel tare da Carburization da kuma kyakkyawan lalata juriya a babban yanayin zafi. Baruna marasa amfani guda 600 suna da tasiri a kan bushewa CL2 da sauran gas daban-daban a m yanayin zafi. Alloy 600 mashaya wani Nickoy tare da kyawawan juriya na oxidation da kuma tsayayya ga lalata ruwa na childation da acidation na cin hanci da ruwa a cikin yanayin zafi.

M 718 wani Nickel ne-chromium-tushen allurai wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin manyan aikace-aikace na babban-matsakaici kamar turbues da gas turnes. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da samar da Astm B670 Cikin Cikin Tsarin M.18 shine farantin mura. Akwai manyan nau'ikan farantin m 718 suna samuwa a kasuwa: zafi birgima da sanyi mirgine faranti.

2205 yana da kyawawan kaddarorin lalata lalata lalata, kuma ya dace sosai ga mahalli da ruwan hoda da kuma shirye-shiryen samar da hanyoyin da aka gurbata da ciyawar.

Mulki na yau da kullun C22 muhimmin matakin manufa da aka hada da chromium, nickel, molybdenum da tunosyum alloys. Waɗannan ƙirar an tsara su ne don haɓaka juriya don haɗawa, damuwa lalata cututtukan cututtukan jiki (SSC) da lalata lalata lalata. Yana da babban abun ciki na Chromium da kyakkyawar juriya ga oxidizing kafaffun. Kasancewar Molybdenum da tungsten na samar da kyakkyawan juriya don rage kafofin watsa labarai. Abin da ke cikin nickel yana samar da kyawawan juriya ga kafofin watsa labarai na ruwa.

Matsakaicin daidaitaccen abu na yau da kullun na carbon carbon 45.9, B16.28 MSS-SP43 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ± zuwa 72 ±. "

Featuret 74 Bakin karfe don kyakkyawan orrosion juriya, an yarda da wannan alkama Weld whnite a wuyansa ta hanyar wulakanci a wuyansa. Ana iya bincika yankin da aka buɗe ta sauƙin rediyo. Puthetan bututu da kuma fashin jirgin sama mai saukarwa yana rage juyawa da lalacewa a cikin bututun. Flanne ne mai kyau kyau don amfani a aikace-aikacen ku kuma ya dace don amfani da iska, ruwa, mai, gas, da tururi na halitta.

Mafi Girma Chromium, Molybdenum da ke haifar da haifar da juriya daidai da lambar Austenitic da Duplex bakin ruwa mai mahimmanci a sama kusan 50¡aya.

Bakin karfe Tsohuwar kayan aiki shine babban abubuwan haɗin tsarin tsinkayen tsabta. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da kayan tsabta, masana'antun kayan kwalliya da kuma samar da kewayon kayan kwalliya na tsabta ciki har da gajerun bututun ruwa da kuma gajerun bututun ruwa da suka haɗu da su. yanayin tsarkakakku da FDA, bukatun GWAM.

Ncoloy 800H ya ganni yana da kyakkyawar ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan juriya ga hadawa, sulbidation da carburization a cikin yanayin zafi.

Rashin Ingantaccen 625 Bolt don kayan aikin sarrafawa masu amfani da hade da acid din oxidizing duka oxdizing da ragewa
Babban madaidaicin bakin karfe bututu

Fighellover B3 Makafi Makafi flanges suna da creep mai kyau, da oxducts juriya. Hanyoyi B. Weld abun wuya flanges Ild

Astm A403 WP 347 suna samuwa a yawancin masu girma dabam da kuma saiti. Rahoton samfurinmu ya ƙunshi masu haɗin fayil, adaffuka, masu saukarwa, ƙuta, gwiwoyi, kuma ana samun su a cikin nau'ikan zaren. An tsara shi don samar da haɗin kai-tsare-tsare-tsare-tsare mai dacewa don aikace-aikace iri-iri na tallafawa kasuwannin masana'antu na yau.
M bututun mai laushi
Bututu mara kyau
Welded bututu
Welded bututu
Saw Lsaw Erw Efw
Carbon Karfe Bars & sanduna
Gyara 36 Bayanin Bayanai: Unps K93600, W.NR 1.3912
Karfe bututu & bututu
Incoloy 800h bututu tare da babban temp

An yi amfani da bututun ƙarfe mara kyau sosai.
Astm A312 TP316 madaidaiciya ƙa'idodi ne ga mara kyau, madaidaiciya-seam welded, da kuma sanyi aiki aikace-aikacen Aussive da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin babban-zafin rana aikace-aikace. A 316 masana'antu masana'antu na mashin karfe ana yin shi daga haɗuwa da chromium, nickel, da molbdenum, wanda ke ba da bututun ss 316 masu lalacewa sosai kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata da tsatsa.

Asme B36.19m ita ce madaidaiciyar ƙira don bututun ƙarfe na bakin ciki, wanda ke haifar da girma, haƙuri, da abubuwan sarrafawa don duka welded da balessan bututu.

Bakin karfe Tsohuwar kayan aiki shine babban abubuwan haɗin tsarin tsinkayen tsabta. A matsayin ɗaya daga cikin masu samar da kayan tsabta, masana'antun kayan kwalliya da kuma samar da kewayon kayan kwalliya na tsabta ciki har da gajerun bututun ruwa da kuma gajerun bututun ruwa da suka haɗu da su. yanayin tsarkakakku da FDA, bukatun GWAM.

Smi 254 bututu na iya jure high danniya danniya da alloy 254 Sco Pipe mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma mahalli marasa galihu.