Karfe faranti & zanen gado & cilats

Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙuƙwalwa na ciki 600 na daidaitattun daidaito na N06600 da Astm B167 sune waɗanda aka ƙera babbar matsin lamba kuma su zo tare da Gargadi.

Ana bayyanar da COIL 625 ta hanyar da ta yi kyau game da juriya ga hadawa, m lalata lalata da gajiya. Astm b443 uns n06625 an yi amfani da farantin m farantin, kayan aikin sunadarai da ƙura saboda ƙarfinsa ko da taurin kai.

Nilo Aloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Haɗin kai-baƙin ƙarfe ne, faɗaɗa nichoon wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 36% kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakawa na goma da goma.
Girma "Od: 1 \ / \ / 2" ~ 48 "

Incoloy 800h flange muna da karfi suna da karfi a cikin masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban iri wanda zai dace da bukatun abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Wannan ya dace sai ya zama wani ɓangare na tsarin jigilar ruwa (mai, gas, tururi, sunadarai, ...) a cikin aminci da ƙarfi ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko kuma nesa ko mai nisa.

Yana nuna kyakkyawar juriya ga tsaka tsaki da rage mahalli. Wannan alloy yaso da isasshen oxide, fim mai kariya wanda baya kashewa, amma yana riƙe da manyan juriya da iskar shaka ta iskar shaka a cikin yanayin zafi.

HT bututun da aka sani azaman masana'anta da mai fitarwa na A350 LF3 \ / lf3 na carbon karfe da filaye na bakin karfe (grad. 304l), kayan da aka samu a cikin dayawa ko filaye, kayan da kuma masu girma dabam da masu girma dabam.

Astm ATM A240 Type 2205 Farantin shine kwando na Bakin Karfe wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, da binciken mai da injin gas, da injin gas. Sa 240 gr 2205 takaddun an yi shi ne daga aji na 2205 bakin karfe, wanda shine haɗakar ferritic da ƙarfe na yau da kullun.

SS 316 \ / 316l OUR BARS \ / 316ti zagaye ne daga abubuwan sunadarai kamar carbon, nickel, jan ƙarfe, chromium, titanium, baƙin ƙarfe da manganese. An tsara waɗannan sanduna da kayan masarufi tare da ƙimar kayan aiki kamar ƙimar, ƙarfin tena, elongas, ƙarfafawa, haɓakar lantarki.

Balagagge na titanium kusan kashi 60% na bakin karfe da allon nickel, wannan tanadi mai nauyi yana sa ya zama sanannen sanannen zaɓi a cikin aikace-aikacen inda Aerospace.

Girman kai 36® nickel-baƙin ƙarfe ne, ƙaramin bayanihonan da ya ƙunshi 36% Nickel - 500 ° C).

Flanged hadin gwiwa yana hade da uku daban-daban daban-daban da ya hade ko da yake; flanges, gas, da kuma bolting; wanda ake tattare da wani tasiri, mai dacewa. Ana buƙatar masu sarrafawa na musamman a cikin zaɓi da aikace-aikacen duk akwai abubuwan da zasu iya samun haɗin gwiwa, wanda ke da karfin gwiwa.

Tunda tabo 316 Bakin karfe Aloy ya ƙunshi molybdenum mai guba, yana da juriya na sinadarai fiye da nau'in 304. Model 316 yana da dorewa, mai sauƙi, weld da goge.

Monel400 sandar ƙwaƙwalwa ne mai narkewa (kimanin kashi 67% na Ni-23% Cu) wanda yake da tsayayya da ruwan teku da tururi da kuma mafita a yanayin zafi.

304 pooling spools ana yin shi ne da karfe 304, gama gari da shahararrun abubuwa a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar juriya ga lalata da hadawa. Wadannan prooling pooling spools suna da profabricated ta amfani da ingar amfani da kayan masarufi da matakai, wanda tabbatar da cewa suna daidai da abin dogaro.

Babban abin da ya kamata na kayan yana ba 904l chloride damuwa danniya lalatattun juriya amma har yanzu, kayan da ke da saukin kamuwa.

M 718 Murroseners tsayayya da ingancin inganci. Wadannan masu kwalliya sun nuna zafin rana da juriya na lalata a karkashin matsanancin yanayi. Don ƙara ƙarfin yawan amfanin ƙasa don lalata filastik, kayan aikin da ya kamata ya zama mai ƙarfi da isasshen ƙarfin. Invel 718 yana da halayen zazzabi na zazzabi. Ana hadawa da yawan amfanin 718 Alloy da yawa matakan aiwatarwa.

M 718 wani Nickel ne-chromium-tushen allurai wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin manyan aikace-aikace na babban-matsakaici kamar turbues da gas turnes. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da samar da Astm B670 Cikin Cikin Tsarin M.18 shine farantin mura. Akwai manyan nau'ikan farantin m 718 suna samuwa a kasuwa: zafi birgima da sanyi mirgine faranti.

Nickel alloy sanduna & sanduna
Nickel sily flanges
Duplex 2205 An sanya masu kayatarwa daga daidaitattun kayan Duplex. Abubuwan sun ƙunshi carbon, mangiicon, silicon, phosphorus, kashi 21% chromium, 2.5% na molybdenum, 4.5% nickel da nitrogen da nickel.
Don canjin sutura tare da gilashi mai wahala

Astm A694 Carbon Karfe shine mafi gama yanayin carbon karfe da aka yi amfani da shi don ci gaban mashaya. Theara yawan carbon Carbon na kayan abu yana rage karkatattun abubuwa ta hanyar ƙara ƙarfin ƙarfi. Koyaya, abun ciki na carbon yana ba da sandar zagaye tare da ikon yin taurara lokacin zamisa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kewaya karfe haɓakawa tare da kasancewar alloy carbon maki maki.

HT PIPE yana ba da nau'ikan samfurori kamar Astm carbon karfe bututu da ake amfani da shi a cikin mai da ake amfani da shi a cikin yanayin wutar lantarki na iya ci karo da ƙasa. Bututun ana fuskantar tsayayyen ƙimar ingancin ingancin. Dole ne su hadu da bukatun tsayayyen abubuwa don daidaito na girma, ƙarfi, da lalata juriya don tabbatar da amincinsu da aikin a cikin sabis.

Wannan yana bayar da inganta juriya ga sulfuric acid. Hakanan yana da babban abun ciki na chromium, don haɓaka juriya game da sinadarai da ƙayyadowin da ke gurbata tare da ferric ions da kuma narkar da ointen oints kuma narkar da oxygen.

Zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙamshi da yawa na oxidizing da marasa amfani da ba su haifar da juriya da tsayayya da tashin hankali da kuma harin da sauran halides.

Alloy karfe sanduna & sanduna
Bakin karfe shine ɗayan shahararrun kayan a cikin masana'antar masana'antu. Wannan yana sanya lanƙwasa tubing bakin karfe tsari ne na tsari na tsarin masana'antu don aikace-aikace iri-iri. Injiniyoyi da masu zanen kaya suna ɗaukar shi babban aiki a zaman wani ɓangare na tubing na tsarin da bututun.

Astm A333 Gr.3 tabbatacciya ce don bututun daskararren ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta mara nauyi wanda aka yi nufin amfani a aikace-aikace inda yawan zafin jiki zai iya tafiya kamar -45 ° C. Asme Sa 106 Carbon Karfe Gr. B bututun a ƙarƙashin wannan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadadden an yi shi ne daga kayan masarufi kuma ana nufin su a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar tauri da haɓaka juriya ga ƙarancin yanayin zafi. Tsarin gr.3 a cikin ƙayyadadden yana nufin ƙarancin amfanin ƙasa na kayan.

Flani wani yanki ne mai mahimmanci, lebe ko rim, ko dai waje ko na ciki, wanda ke bauta don haɓaka ƙarfi (kamar yadda flanging na katako na baƙin ƙarfe kamar i-katako ko t-katako); Don sauƙaƙe abin da aka makala \ / Canja wurin karuwa tare da wani abu (azaman flanger a ƙarshen bututu, silinda yake silima, da sauransu, ko a kan Dutsen ruwan tabarau); ko don inganta da kuma jagorantar motsin injin ko sassan sa (kamar yadda ke cikin motar dogo ko tafiye tafiye, wanda ke kiyaye ƙafafun daga gudu daga gudu. Hakanan ana amfani da kalmar "flani" don wani nau'in kayan aiki da ake amfani da shi don samar da flanges.

Akwai wadatattun masu sauri na C2000 da ke girma da kuma kauri, wannan nau'in Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Almara da juriya na lalata.

M 718 shine Nickel-Molomium-Molomium-Moolybdenum surffular da aka tsara don yin tsayayya da nau'ikan mahalli na lalata, cututtuka masu lalata da lalata lalata. Wannan nickel alloy kuma nuna yawan yawan amfanin ƙasa sosai, tensile da creep abubuwan ware kaddarorin a cikin yanayin zafi. Ba a yi nufin amfani da 718 don amfani na dogon lokaci daga ƙarancin yanayin zafi zuwa 1200¡ula.

Babu kuma 316 kuma 316l sune zaɓuɓɓukan mafi arha. 304 da 304l suna iri ɗaya amma ba su da tsada. Hakanan ba su da m kamar 317 da 317l, suna da mafi girman abun ciki na molybdenum kuma mafi kyawun lalata lalata cututtuka.

A 316 Bakin Karfe PIPE ya zama kayan da ba makawa ga ɓangaren masana'antu. Wannan yana yin farin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma chrome an san shi ne saboda babban juriya ga lalata, kazalika da karkatarwar sa. 316 Bakin karfe Tushewar za'a iya samar da su a duka baby da ba da haske don biyan takamaiman bukatun abokin ciniki.

Alliy 800 weld wuyan waka muna da tsananin suna a masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban na samar da wasu abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Jirgin ruwan da babu makawa na N10665 ya zo ƙarƙashin Anssi, Astm, Din da sauran ka'idodin duniya tare da matakai daban-daban da kuma azuzuwan matsin lamba.

Gyara-expansion gilashin fadada-nickel-Nickel-cogert Aloleys, KOVAR Alloys, kuna da daidaituwa na zafi a cikin wani yanki mai wahala a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi

Manufofin masu tsayayya da saurin saurin sauri suna amfani da su ne da masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai. Bukatar ingantaccen aiki tana haifar da karbara da ci gaban su a bangarorin makamashi, lafiya da gas, man gas da masana'antar Gas na Gas.

Mafi Girma Chromium, Molybdenum da ke haifar da haifar da juriya daidai da lambar Austenitic da Duplex bakin ruwa mai mahimmanci a sama kusan 50¡aya.
AN KARANTA: K94610 ASM F15
www.oeppe.com
2.0mm-14 mm
Max 16000mm
sake dubawa
Astm A335 p92 alloy Karfe Pupe
Girman OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "
Carbon Karfe Masu Kujeru
Incoloy 800h bututu tare da babban temp
Astm A182 F5 F9 F11 A182 Fored dacewa 45 90 Digiri na Digiri
Flani pt gwajin ingancin dubawa hoto
bututun mai sauri B2 B3 X C22 C275 C276 SMLS Welded Karfe Pupe
Sc xxs karfe mara nauyi pipe a333 gr 3

Smi 254 bututu na iya jure high danniya danniya da alloy 254 Sco Pipe mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma mahalli marasa galihu.

Duk Astm ANSM A234 Enlbow & onmen an kera WPC ne daga farantin, guga man a cikin rabi biyu tare da seam biyu weld. Muna bayar da radiography 100% akan duk welds azaman daidaitaccen.

Flashes flanges na samar da sauki ga tsaftacewa, dubawa ko gyara. Yawancin lokaci suna zuwa siffofin zagaye amma za su iya zuwa cikin square da siffofin real. Flanges an haɗa su da juna ta hanyar bolting kuma sun shiga cikin tsarin pipping ta hanyar walda ko an tsara su ga takamaiman matsin lamba; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600lb, 900lb, 1500lb and 2500lb.

Flange na iya zama farantin don rufe ko rufe ƙarshen bututu. Wannan ana kiranta makaho mai kauri. Don haka, ana ɗaukar flanges su zama kayan haɗin ciki waɗanda ake amfani dasu don tallafawa sassan injin na inji.

Nickel 200 flanges flanges na nickel 200 flanges sagewa ne, gyara da tsayayye, kuma ku sami lafiya. Haka kuma, Astm B564 asa mara nasara flanges flashe ne a cikin tsaka tsaki da oxidizing, sa su zama cikakke don amfani da kayan aiki na abinci.

Alloy 400 yana da juriya na lalata, ƙarfi da kyau. Monel 400 yana da kayan kwalliya na yau da kullun a yanayin yanayin zafi. Yana da ma'anar narkewar 2370-2460¡ÃAf kuma ana iya amfani dashi a yanayin zafi har zuwa 1000¡Ãef.

Duplex Karfe EDBWOWS LR Long Radiu 45 digiri wps31803 Astm Asme Sa 815 Fittings 1.5 inch Sch400

ANSI B16.5 AliLLoy karfe zamewa a kan flani ne flange nau'in da ke ba da damar bututun da ke cikin flange kuma ya sa haɗin a cikin wurare dabam dabam.

Alloy steels contain varying proportions of alloying elements (such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium, and aluminum) to control steel properties such as hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability, or ductility . Bambancin suna da ɗan uniform, amma saboda kare-bambancen gaske, duk mayoy, ba carbon da Allos, suna dauke da manyan-lovery shanu. Alloy Karfe yana da wahala, mafi dorewa, kuma mafi jure wa lalata. Alloysirshin tare da matsakaici zuwa babban abun ciki na Carbon suna da wahalar weld. Koyaya, idan abubuwan carbon an rage zuwa 1% zuwa 3%, wannan ƙarfe seloy na iya cimma babban tsari da walwala, ta hanyar karuwa sosai.

Alloy 2205 (unces S32305 \ / S31803) Shin Murrosan Chromium, mai mahimmanci yana da ƙarfi, yana da ƙarfin hali da kuma kyakkyawan damuwa.

Asme sa 479 United S32205 Fastener shine lalata da ƙarfi na Super Alloy wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin ƙarancin zafin rana har zuwa digiri 1300 Fahrenheit.

Tun da 254s Mo Sashin karfe shine babban kayan miya, tsarin masana'antu yana da rikitarwa. Gabaɗaya magana, mutane na iya dogaro da tsarin gargajiya don ƙera wannan bututun karfe na musamman, kamar zuma, seading, m, da sauransu.

Thearfin Asme B16.5 Infel 625 flanges da aka samo daga Hards Tasirin Metoys kamar Molomium akan matrix-Chromium matrix-Chromium na Oroy. Saboda haka, flanges marasa hauhawar da ba su buƙatar haɓakar haɓaka a cikin masana'antu don adana farashi.

Ba tare da la'akari da maganin ingancinsa ba, F11-aji Rebar wata hanya ce ta saduwa da juriya da cututtukan daji da kuma bukatun injin na inji da aka saita ta masana'antu daban-daban.

Nickel Alhoy 400 da na onel 400, wanda kuma aka sani da unƙasa Nickoy na jan ƙarfe da aka kunshi da farko na biyu cikin uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel. Nickel Alloy 400 an san shi da juriya game da yanayin lalata yanayi, gami da Alkalis (ko acidros), ruwan gishiri, acid. Tunda Monel 400 ko Alloy 400 karfe ne mai sanyi, wannan rigakafin yana da wuya, taurin kai da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar sanyi Astm B164 uns n04400 mashin n04400 san hannun jari, an gina alloy zuwa matakan mikiya na inji, wanda kuma ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microsoy na Microstruchture.

Amfanin hada ferritic da Austenitic shine cewa m karfe yana da tsarin metallat wanda ya ƙunshi jerin matakai biyu kuma sabili da fa'idodi daga kaddarorin biyu microstruries. Wadannan kaddarorin suna sanya duplex karfe sosai wanda ake nema bayan a masana'antu masu nauyi, kamar nukiliyar mai da sarrafa makaman nukiliya da sarrafa su.

Flange shine hanyar haɗawa da haɗawa bayan ƙwallon ƙafa. Ana amfani da flanges lokacin da haɗin gwiwa na buƙatar rolling. Yana bayar da sassauƙa don kulawa. Flani yana haɗu da bututu da kayan aiki da bawuloli. Ana ƙara flanges masu fashewa a cikin tsarin bututun mai idan an tabbatar da kulawa ta yau da kullun yayin aikin shuka.
Kamfanin jirgin sama mai sauri
www.oeppe.com
2.0mm-14 mm
Max 16000mm
sake dubawa
Astm A335 p92 alloy Karfe Pupe
Special-mai siffa flangen A182 F11 flangar Flanges F5
Carbon Karfe Masu Kujeru
Incoloy 800h bututu tare da babban temp

Za'a iya ɗaure shi a cikin ramuka masu ɓoye a cikin ramuka ko amfani da kwayoyi don buɗe abubuwan da suke shimfiɗa tare. Don aikace-aikacen daidaitawa, ana iya amfani dasu tare da makullin don riƙe abubuwan haɗin a cikin wurin. An kera su bisa ga tsarin IFI-199.

Za'a iya samar da filayen bututun al'ada daga kayan da yawa da yawa. Carbon Karfe sanannen mafita, kamar dai bakin karfe da kayan kwalliya na musamman, dangane da masana'antar. Sheet kuma manta su ma na kowa ne, da titanium da aluminum ma sun dace da ayyukan nauyi.
2205 Super Nono Astm A479 - A182 Karfe wanda ba a S32760 ATX Grup
AN KARANTA: K94610 ASM F15
www.oeppe.com
2.0mm-14 mm
Max 16000mm
sake dubawa
Astm A335 p92 alloy Karfe Pupe
Girman OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "
Carbon Karfe Masu Kujeru
Incoloy 800h bututu tare da babban temp
Astm A182 F5 F9 F11 A182 Fored dacewa 45 90 Digiri na Digiri
Alloy karfe faranti & zanen gado & Coils

An tsara Monel 400 a matsayin lambar Werkstoff 2.4360 da und N04400. Alloy 400 PIP 400 PIPE wanda aka sani da Monel Alloy 400 bututu, monel 400 bututu & nickel Alloy 400 bututu.

Alloy steels contain varying proportions of alloying elements (such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium, and aluminum) to control steel properties such as hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability, or ductility . Bambancin suna da ɗan uniform, amma saboda kare-bambancen gaske, duk mayoy, ba carbon da Allos, suna dauke da manyan-lovery shanu. Alloy Karfe yana da wahala, mafi dorewa, kuma mafi jure wa lalata. Alloysirshin tare da matsakaici zuwa babban abun ciki na Carbon suna da wahalar weld. Koyaya, idan abubuwan carbon an rage zuwa 1% zuwa 3%, wannan ƙarfe seloy na iya cimma babban tsari da walwala, ta hanyar karuwa sosai.

316l 1.4401 S31603 bututun karfe mai yawa wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci. Wannan ss esp unpe s31603 an yi shi ne daga ingancin karfe 316l karfe tare da kyakkyawan farin ƙarfe ga lalata wurare ko aikace-aikacen zartarwar damuwa.
AN KARANTA: K94610 ASM F15
www.oeppe.com
2.0mm-14 mm
Max 16000mm
sake dubawa
Astm A335 p92 alloy Karfe Pupe
Girman OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "
Carbon Karfe Masu Kujeru
Incoloy 800h bututu tare da babban temp
Astm A182 F5 F9 F11 A182 Fored dacewa 45 90 Digiri na Digiri
Samar da daidaitaccen asme B36.10 Asme B36.54

Allioy 800 shine nickel-baƙin ƙarfe-chromium rehoy tare da ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan jure hadawan abu da iskar shaka da lalata a yanayin zafi a babban yanayin zafi. Astm B407 Unguwa N08800 incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 ALDEDEDEDed bututu ana amfani da shi sosai don gina kayan aiki suna buƙatar juriya na lalata, ƙarfin yanayin zafi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali don sabis har zuwa 1500 ° C).
A789 S31803 da unpents S32205 maki biyu ne na Duplex Bakin Karfe wanda aka yi amfani da shi a aikace-aikace da yawa masana'antu. Wadannan dollex S31803 bututun ruwa sun san su don kyakkyawan lalata juriya, babban ƙarfi, da kuma walwala. A789 tabbatacciyar ƙayyadadden abubuwa ne wanda ke rufe tubes da welded tubes da aka sanya daga Duplex bakin karfe.
Nickel-tagulla na tushen Singy 400 Monel 2.4360 sanyi Drawny sanda shi ne kusan hanyoyin lalata da ke tattare da kafaffiyar hanya a cikin mahalli na yau da kullun. Monel 400 ne jan ƙarfe da na nickel dangane da wannan sanannen ya shahara a yau saboda babban aikinta. Alloy yana da kyakkyawan acid da alkali resistance. Bugu da kari, yana da ƙarfi mai yawa, karkara, kyakkyawan aiki, kuma yana iya taurare ta hanyar aikin sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani dashi a aikace-aikace tare da yanayin zafi daga debe ga digiri 538 Celsius.

Mugun da ba shi da iyaka 600 na zagaye shine tushen Nickel tare da Carburization da kuma kyakkyawan lalata juriya a babban yanayin zafi. Baruna marasa amfani guda 600 suna da tasiri a kan bushewa CL2 da sauran gas daban-daban a m yanayin zafi. Alloy 600 mashaya wani Nickoy tare da kyawawan juriya na oxidation da kuma tsayayya ga lalata ruwa na childation da acidation na cin hanci da ruwa a cikin yanayin zafi.

A Bett Wel Wel Sily Pipe an tsara shi ne a kan shafin a ƙarshensa (s) tare da ba da damar canji a cikin shugabanci ko kuma ya ba da damar canji.

Alloy steels contain varying proportions of alloying elements (such as manganese, silicon, nickel, titanium, copper, chromium, and aluminum) to control steel properties such as hardenability, corrosion resistance, strength, formability, weldability, or ductility . Bambancin suna da ɗan uniform, amma saboda kare-bambancen gaske, duk mayoy, ba carbon da Allos, suna dauke da manyan-lovery shanu. Alloy Karfe yana da wahala, mafi dorewa, kuma mafi jure wa lalata. Alloysirshin tare da matsakaici zuwa babban abun ciki na Carbon suna da wahalar weld. Koyaya, idan abubuwan carbon an rage zuwa 1% zuwa 3%, wannan ƙarfe seloy na iya cimma babban tsari da walwala, ta hanyar karuwa sosai.