Duplex hula

Astm ATM A240 Type 2205 Farantin shine kwando na Bakin Karfe wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, da binciken mai da injin gas, da injin gas. Sa 240 gr 2205 takaddun an yi shi ne daga aji na 2205 bakin karfe, wanda shine haɗakar ferritic da ƙarfe na yau da kullun.

M 718 wani Nickel ne-chromium-tushen allurai wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin manyan aikace-aikace na babban-matsakaici kamar turbues da gas turnes. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da samar da Astm B670 Cikin Cikin Tsarin M.18 shine farantin mura. Akwai manyan nau'ikan farantin m 718 suna samuwa a kasuwa: zafi birgima da sanyi mirgine faranti.

316l 1.4401 S31603 bututun karfe mai yawa wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci. Wannan ss esp unpe s31603 an yi shi ne daga ingancin karfe 316l karfe tare da kyakkyawan farin ƙarfe ga lalata wurare ko aikace-aikacen zartarwar damuwa.

Ana bayyanar da COIL 625 ta hanyar da ta yi kyau game da juriya ga hadawa, m lalata lalata da gajiya. Astm b443 uns n06625 an yi amfani da farantin m farantin, kayan aikin sunadarai da ƙura saboda ƙarfinsa ko da taurin kai.

Allioy 800 shine nickel-baƙin ƙarfe-chromium rehoy tare da ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan jure hadawan abu da iskar shaka da lalata a yanayin zafi a babban yanayin zafi. Astm B407 Unguwa N08800 incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 ALDEDEDEDed bututu ana amfani da shi sosai don gina kayan aiki suna buƙatar juriya na lalata, ƙarfin yanayin zafi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali don sabis har zuwa 1500 ° C).

A 316 Bakin Karfe PIPE ya zama kayan da ba makawa ga ɓangaren masana'antu. Wannan yana yin farin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma chrome an san shi ne saboda babban juriya ga lalata, kazalika da karkatarwar sa. 316 Bakin karfe Tushewar za'a iya samar da su a duka baby da ba da haske don biyan takamaiman bukatun abokin ciniki.

Ana amfani da bututun mai sauri a masana'antu a cikin manyan masana'antu ciki har da sarrafawa na petrochemical, masana'antar sarrafa kayan aikin sunadarai, masu girki da tsire-tsire mai.

Akwai wadatattun masu sauri na C2000 da ke girma da kuma kauri, wannan nau'in Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Almara da juriya na lalata.

Al6xn wani seprenitic bakin karfe tare da fitattun juriya ga chloride pittroation, vervice lalata da damuwa ciwon jiki. Al6xn shine 6 na Aloly Alloy wanda aka inganta don kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin mahalli mai tsauri. Yana da babban nickel (24%), mlybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen da chromium m crossion crosros crossion crosros, chloride m jonishration, da kuma na kwarai na lalata juriya. Al6xn an yi amfani da shi da farko don inganta rikicewa da ganyayyaki lalata juriya a cikin chlawed. Yana da sinadari mai kyau da walwala.

Unguwa da aka ambata kamar Alloy Al6xn Al6xn shine ƙananan carbon, babban tsarki, nitrogen-moldenum super-molyitenum reurmeri da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata da kuma kyakkyawan lalata.

Smi 254 bututu na iya jure high danniya danniya da alloy 254 Sco Pipe mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma mahalli marasa galihu.

Wannan yana bayar da inganta juriya ga sulfuric acid. Hakanan yana da babban abun ciki na chromium, don haɓaka juriya game da sinadarai da ƙayyadowin da ke gurbata tare da ferric ions da kuma narkar da ointen oints kuma narkar da oxygen.

Zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙamshi da yawa na oxidizing da marasa amfani da ba su haifar da juriya da tsayayya da tashin hankali da kuma harin da sauran halides.

Yana nuna kyakkyawar juriya ga tsaka tsaki da rage mahalli. Wannan alloy yaso da isasshen oxide, fim mai kariya wanda baya kashewa, amma yana riƙe da manyan juriya da iskar shaka ta iskar shaka a cikin yanayin zafi.

Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yanayin bincike da gas da gas kuma a cikin masu musayar zafi a cikin petrochemical \ / sarrafa sunadarai.

Balagagge na titanium kusan kashi 60% na bakin karfe da allon nickel, wannan tanadi mai nauyi yana sa ya zama sanannen sanannen zaɓi a cikin aikace-aikacen inda Aerospace.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙuƙwalwa na ciki 600 na daidaitattun daidaito na N06600 da Astm B167 sune waɗanda aka ƙera babbar matsin lamba kuma su zo tare da Gargadi.

An tsara Monel 400 a matsayin lambar Werkstoff 2.4360 da und N04400. Alloy 400 PIP 400 PIPE wanda aka sani da Monel Alloy 400 bututu, monel 400 bututu & nickel Alloy 400 bututu.

Abubuwan da ke cikin bututun ɗumbin kasusuwa suna da mafi girman ƙarfin-ɗaukar ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi akan sauran maki.

Mafi Girma Chromium, Molybdenum da ke haifar da haifar da juriya daidai da lambar Austenitic da Duplex bakin ruwa mai mahimmanci a sama kusan 50¡aya.

Kamfanin jirgin sama mai sauri
Manufofin masu tsayayya da saurin saurin sauri suna amfani da su ne da masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai. Bukatar ingantaccen aiki tana haifar da karbara da ci gaban su a bangarorin makamashi, lafiya da gas, man gas da masana'antar Gas na Gas.

Incoloy 800h flange muna da karfi suna da karfi a cikin masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban iri wanda zai dace da bukatun abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Alliy 800 weld wuyan waka muna da tsananin suna a masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban na samar da wasu abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Nickel 200 flanges flanges na nickel 200 flanges sagewa ne, gyara da tsayayye, kuma ku sami lafiya. Haka kuma, Astm B564 asa mara nasara flanges flashe ne a cikin tsaka tsaki da oxidizing, sa su zama cikakke don amfani da kayan aiki na abinci.

Wani muhimmin fasali na N08800 Incoloy Siloy 800 Cold birgira farantin shine ta hanyar juriya na clorision, wanda ya ƙarfe, kamar sauran takwarorin da ba a dace da shi ba.
Rubuta farantin, takardar, tsiri coil
Tsawon 0 ~ 12m ko kamar yadda kuke buƙata
Nisa 0 ~ 2500mm ko kamar yadda kuke buƙata
Kauri 0.3 ~ 1200m ko kamar yadda kuke bukata

Inlalsel 600 shine nickel-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chrisoy tare da m canidance juriya, juriya da oxidation da ƙarfi a kan yanayin zafi. Saboda babban abun ciki na nickel, 600 yana da matukar tsayayya da chloride ion danniya. Ba a buƙatar hardening a matsayin rashin lafiya 600 ya taurare kuma ya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aikin sanyi kawai. Bayyanar 600 na iya yin aiki a yanayin zafi kamar ƙasa 700¡Ã (370¡yAC).
Standard Sus, Aisi, Din
Diamita 5 ~ 500mm
Tsawon ¨q12m ko kamar yadda kowace bukatun abokan ciniki

Raba sanduna suna sanyi da aka zana kuma an yanke shi a tsayin daka ko yanke girman. Alboy sanders zagaye suna ba da ƙarfi da juriya da lalata a cikin yanayin mahalli kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin firam, masana'antu sashe da masana'antar abinci.
Standard Sus, Aisi, Din
Diamita 5 ~ 500mm
Tsawon ¨q12m ko kamar yadda kowace bukatun abokan ciniki

Kasuwanni da yawa sun fi son gaskiyar cewa rashin lafiya 600 wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. Saboda haka ana amfani da alloy a cikin masana'antu masu yawa a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban waɗanda suka shahara 600 bututu. Gina waɗannan bututun za a iya ɗaure ko kuma suna iya zama marasa aure. Akwai fa'idodi don amfani da duka biyun. Don E.G. Abubuwan fifiko na rashin walwala 600, suna cikin aikace-aikace inda tattalin arzikinta yake taka muhimmiyar rawa. Kodayake mai rahusa fiye da ɗaya, waɗannan bututun suna da kabu-kabu, wanda zai iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da lalata. A cikin yanayin, inda mai siye yana buƙatar mafi girman nau'in juriya na lalata da kuma ikon yin tsayayya da matsin lamba, bututu mai lalacewa 600 shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Rubuta bututu mara kyau
Bututu mara kyau
Welded bututu
Welded bututu
Saw Lsaw Erw Efw
Ya kasance ƙarshen, bayyane "
Girman OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "
Kauri: Sch5 ~ Schxxs
Tsawon: kamar yadda kake bukata. "
Masana'antu mai zafi
Samar da daidaitaccen Asme B36.10 Asme B36.20

Don dalilai masana'antu, a cikin tsarin bututun ruwa, yawanci muna buƙatar canza hanyar watsa; tsara kwararar ruwa (mai da gas, ruwa, laka); Buɗe ko rufe bututun, da sauransu sabili da haka, don cim ma waɗannan ayyukan, za a yi amfani da abubuwan bututun ƙarfe.

Nickel tushen 800 incoloy pipe an san shi da kyau da lalata ga lalata. Ainihin magana, wanda ke cikin Incoloy 800 bututu yana ba da isasshen juriya game da carburitization duka da lalata hadawa da iskar shaka.

Fasaha Carbon Carbon wani nau'in rim ne wanda aka kirkira a ƙarshen bututun lokacin da aka daidaita akan bututu. Ana amfani da shi don rufe ƙarshen bututu, bawuloli ko wasu haɗin haɗi. Tana da karfin tenarfafa tena kuma tana samuwa tare da filayen convex kuma suna tallafawa don saukarwa mai sauƙi. Yana da baƙin ƙarfe-carbon riguna yana dauke da 2.1 wt.% Carbon. Carbon Carbon ba shi da mafi ƙarancin matakan wasu abubuwan abubuwan da suka kula, amma galibi yana dauke da manganese.

AN S32205 DUMLEX Karfe Asme Sa182 Butt flanges sun dace da ruwan teku da kayan aikin da suke aiki mai kyau na iya tsayayya da yanayin halaye.

Hanyoyin C-276 shine smet ɗin ni mo mooro tare da tungsten, wanda ke da kyakkyawan lalata juriya a cikin manyan mahalli mahalli. Babban abun ciki na Ni da Mo Somely musamman tsayayya da pittroon da ganyayyaki na lalata a cikin matsakaici yanayin hadayar hadawa.

Kodayake Molybdenum abu ne mai kyau, amfani da shi na iya rage girman zafin creep na farantin farantin gr F11. Gravitation da kuma lalata gashin ƙarfe na iya faruwa lokacin da zazzabi ya wuce digiri 500 Celsius. Chromium ta kara zuwa182 F11 Alloy Karfe Cl.2 Finaku da bututun bututu don hana rage girman tsadar Creep da kuma hoto. Bugu da kari, wanda kara chromium ya kuma ba da juriya na iskar shaka iri-iri.

An yi amfani da flanges duplex karfe a cikin injiniyan da aka yi amfani da su, kayan masarufi da masana'antu mota. Duplex Karfe S31803 flanges na cin abinci yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi kyawun juriya na lalata jiki fiye da nau'in zafin jiki mai kyau. Muna da Duplex Karfe S31803 \ / S32205 Stock. Duplex Karfe Flanes ana amfani da su a cikin sunadarai, mai petrochemical, da masana'antu na wutar lantarki.

Nickel 200 shine m maganin karfafa karfe. Nickel Baf 200 ya ƙunshi 99.6% na Nickel ta nauyi da nauyi kuma ana ɗaukarsa kasuwancin nickel ne. Abincin 2.4066 mashaya yana da kyawawan kayan inji da na jiki. Misali, Astm B160 N02200 yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga mahaɗan lalata da yawa har da yanayin marasa goro. A halin yanzu, Nickel 200 ne mai magani mai magani ya karfafa alloy wanda za'a iya tsara shi azaman sanduna da sanduna. Wadannan bangarorin guda biyu ana amfani dasu masu inganci kuma za'a iya rarrabe su daga wasu mahimman ayyuka.

Nickel-tagulla na tushen Singy 400 Monel 2.4360 sanyi Drawny sanda shi ne kusan hanyoyin lalata da ke tattare da kafaffiyar hanya a cikin mahalli na yau da kullun. Monel 400 ne jan ƙarfe da na nickel dangane da wannan sanannen ya shahara a yau saboda babban aikinta. Alloy yana da kyakkyawan acid da alkali resistance. Bugu da kari, yana da ƙarfi mai yawa, karkara, kyakkyawan aiki, kuma yana iya taurare ta hanyar aikin sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani dashi a aikace-aikace tare da yanayin zafi daga debe ga digiri 538 Celsius.

Nickel Alhoy 400 da na onel 400, wanda kuma aka sani da unƙasa Nickoy na jan ƙarfe da aka kunshi da farko na biyu cikin uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel. Nickel Alloy 400 an san shi da juriya game da yanayin lalata yanayi, gami da Alkalis (ko acidros), ruwan gishiri, acid. Tunda Monel 400 ko Alloy 400 karfe ne mai sanyi, wannan rigakafin yana da wuya, taurin kai da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar sanyi Astm B164 uns n04400 mashin n04400 san hannun jari, an gina alloy zuwa matakan mikiya na inji, wanda kuma ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microsoy na Microstruchture.

Mugun da ba shi da iyaka 600 na zagaye shine tushen Nickel tare da Carburization da kuma kyakkyawan lalata juriya a babban yanayin zafi. Baruna marasa amfani guda 600 suna da tasiri a kan bushewa CL2 da sauran gas daban-daban a m yanayin zafi. Alloy 600 mashaya wani Nickoy tare da kyawawan juriya na oxidation da kuma tsayayya ga lalata ruwa na childation da acidation na cin hanci da ruwa a cikin yanayin zafi.

Nilo \ / allioy k w.nr .: 1.3981
AN KARANTA: K94610 ASM F15
Gyara-expansion gilashin fadada-nickel-Nickel-cogert Aloleys, KOVAR Alloys, kuna da daidaituwa na zafi a cikin wani yanki mai wahala a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi
Don canjin sutura tare da gilashi mai wahala

Nilo Aloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Haɗin kai-baƙin ƙarfe ne, faɗaɗa nichoon wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 36% kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakawa na goma da goma.
Gyara 36 Bayanin Bayanai: Unps K93600, W.NR 1.3912

Sunayen Kasuwanci gama gari: Nickel Aloy 36, Harry 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
Girman kai 36® nickel-baƙin ƙarfe ne, ƙaramin bayanihonan da ya ƙunshi 36% Nickel - 500 ° C).
Invar 36 od od: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-22mm

Flah shine sassan da ya haɗu da bututun guda biyu na ƙarewa, flange da art uku an haɗa su a matsayin rukuni na haɗin haɗi. An kara Gasket tsakanin manyan famiyu sannan kuma ya ɗaure ta hanyar kusoshi. Daban-daban matsa lamba, kauri ya bambanta, kuma kusoshi da suke amfani da su sun zama maballin flanges, amma wannan bangare ne na na'urar saiti, kamar yadda haɗin ke tsakanin flanges, ba shi da haɗin kai tsakanin flanges da famfo ruwa, ba haka bane Inapostoite don kiran famfon ruwa kamar yadda flange misalin nau'ikan, amma dangi kananan bawul, ana iya kiran shi azaman nau'ikan sassan.

Muna samarwa s31803 ƙarin bututun bututun ruwa mai yawa tare da fa'idodi mai wadata. Wasu fa'idodi sune babban ƙarfin aikinta da babban ƙarfin damuwa na lalata. Waɗannan abubuwan da aka sanya duplex butted suxeded sun dace sosai saboda haka mulkin;

Ana iya samun sauƙin kafa. Abubuwan da muke fitowa da ƙarfe na druplex sune austenitic-ferritic bakin karfe na lalacewa don mahalli lalata cututtuka wanda ke haifar da lalacewar cututtukan daji kamar haɗarin, lalata lalata da damuwa da damuwa.

Wadannan duplex karfe unpl unplings an kera su da kiyaye inganci. Masana mu farko zaɓi kayan abinci ta amfani da sabbin kayan aikin da sabis, sannan kera. Koyaushe muna bin ka'idodi na kasa da kasa da na duniya da na yau da kullun don kula da ingancin ƙa'idodin waɗannan abubuwan ƙwayoyin ƙarfe.

DUMLEX Bakin Karfe Alayen ƙarfe Juriya, Kyauta mai kyau da ƙarfi. Cakuda na Austrenitic da allolin manuniya, wanda shine dalilin da yasa ya nuna duka ferritic da na Austenitic kaddardies. A madarar Duplex Birts ya fi na tsarkakakken tsarkakakken stradic stradic, kuma wani lokacin ƙarfi ya fi na tsarkakakken tsarkin ustenitic.

S31803 yana da tsayayya da damuwa da damuwa chloride, kuma Suplex bakin cikin ƙarfe na nunin mafi kyawun lalata da mahalli sulfde.

Babban matakan chloride ya hana lalata lalata da kuma iya aiki a yanayin zafi har zuwa digiri 300 Celsius. DUMLEX Birds da mafi kyawun bututun ƙasa a yanayin zafi da aka kwatanta da maki ferrritic.

Ana amfani da kayan aiki don canza shugabanci na bututu. Hanya mafi sauki ita ce tanƙwara bututu. Koyaya, ya shimfiɗa da a gaban bango na bututu. Ta kuma yi kauna ciki na bututun. 2205 Drlex Bakin Karfe An san su da micritostures ɗinsu da ƙarfi. Suna nuna kaddarorin biyu azuzuwan. Asme Sa815 Duplex Karfe Butt Piping Pipe Fitning Pies Shargroved inganta ingantattun halayyar lalata a 316 da 317.

Duplex S31803 Bakin Karfe Balded bututun bututun ana amfani dashi a cikin Desalination, Jirgin ruwa da tankunan Brewing. Su gaba ɗaya ƙananan farashi ne gaba ɗaya kuma suna da ƙananan kashi na abubuwan abubuwan tunawa. Sun dace da ASM 815, A812 da Asme sa 815, sa 812 bayani.

Duplex Karfe Unpiyoyin PIPED S31803 SUTTings sunyi taro da aka samar kuma a yi amfani da Duplex da aka yi amfani da su sosai. Wannan matakin ƙarfe na iya tsayayya da damuwa damuwa saboda tsayawa don hulɗa da sulfur. Rashin cancantar gwiwar hannu na S31803 na tattalin arziki ne wanda ya dogara kamar yadda yake tanadin rayuwar sabis. Duplex Karfe Unpingings mai sauƙin sauƙi ne don Weld kuma ba zai fadada a babban zazzabi da matakai na damuwa ba.

Duplex Karfe untings uncrings (Austenitic da Ferritic) ana amfani da su sosai don ayyuka masu kyau m lalata juriya da inganci. Duplex Karfe Unpeld Pipe Sšlunding PIPE S3TE SETINGS KYAU CIGABA DA CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAURAN AUUSENITIC.

Kwamfutar hannu S31803, S32205 Cutar PIPE S31205 sune mama da kuma walwala kuma a yanayin zafi. Duplex Karfe Unpeld Pipe Sšlunding PIPE S3TE SETINGS KYAU CIGABA DA CIKIN SAUKI CIKIN SAURAN AUUSENITIC.

Mu masana'anta ne, dan kasuwa, mai siye da mai ba da cikakken micritentruchture da kuma kyakkyawan tasirin gunny da kuma kyakkyawan tasirin lalata zuwa lalata.

Azirinmu Astm a815 Duplex Karfe wanda ba a sami damarmu ba a S32205 suna samuwa a yawancin siffofin hula, masu diamita da nau'in zaren acid da ruwan teku.

WNR 1.4462 SULEX Karfe S31803 SULFURS tsayayya da sulfur-jawo danniya damuwa da kuma samar da rayuwa mai zurfi, tattalin arziki da abin dogaro.

Kwamfutar hannu S31803, S32205 Cutar PIPE S31205 sune mama da kuma walwala kuma a yanayin zafi.

Ba mu taɓa yin sulhu a kan ƙimar inganci da ƙayyadaddun bayanai don ƙirar waɗannan abubuwan ƙarfe na S31803 Butted PIPE PIP. Muna samar da waɗannan kayan haɗi na Duplex ta amfani da haɓaka fasaha da kayan aikin haɓaka. Taimaka wa abokan cinikinmu a cikin gaggawa ko wani gaggawa.

Wadannan iyakoki suna samar da matattarar matashi a kan kowane irin fasa, kwakwalwan kwamfuta da fasa a bututun. Muna bayar da 1-8 a cikin bututun pipean wasan mata na mata da Duzlex 2205 PIPE hula duple.

Ana amfani da karfin bututun bututu a cikin kayan aiki kamar na gida, kasuwanci da kuma masana'antu na samar da ruwa, kayan masarufi, kayan masarufi da kayan aiki. Hakanan ana sanya shinge na bututu a kan layin famfo domin kawai dalilin cire abubuwan iska. Muna samar da 1-8- 6 Girma Duplex 2205 PIPE SUCTTIN tafiya.

Ya nuna kyakkyawan lalata juriya saboda babban chrerium, molybdenum da abun ciki nitrogen. Suna da matuƙar tsayayya don haɗawa da kuma lalata lalata lalata da cutar oxidizing da mafita na acidic. Duplex 2205 Butted Pipe Piping Pipings ne mai tsayayya wa chloride danniya rauni crosros na kimanin digiri kimanin 150 digiri Celsius. Saboda kasancewar ferrite a cikin Duplex wanda ba a sansu ba, suna nuna kyakkyawan aiki a cikin mahalli marasa kyau da samar da kyakkyawar weldability.

Duplex Mone unp unp unpe S31803 \ / S32205 Butded PIPE PIPE, Mun tabbatar da samar maka da ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata kuma yana da rayuwar sabis na da ake buƙata. Ashe ASM A818 Duplex Karfe S31803 \ / S32205 ELBOWELOWY IN aikace-aikacen suna buƙatar babban tsari tukuna.

Karfe-mataki-s31803 \ / S32205 Resersion Carcer, wanda ya fi ƙarfin danniya ga chloridecros damuwa.

Duplex Karfe S32205 Telded PIPE PLIDED ATT masana'antu, tsari na acid, adana phosphorne oxide, pvy, kayan aiki don kula da dafaffun acide, a canzawa ta sinadarai, sauyawa, da sauransu.

Duplex Karfe S31803 Fitactsuts ne mai tsayayya ga mahalli mahalli da kuma jure raunuka. WNR 1.4462 SU31803 Motocin bututun sulfur-jawo damuwa masarauta da kuma samar da rayuwa mai zurfi, tattalin arziki da abin dogara.