Bakin karfe flangen

Astm ATM A240 Type 2205 Farantin shine kwando na Bakin Karfe wanda ake amfani dashi sosai a cikin masana'antu daban-daban, da binciken mai da injin gas, da injin gas. Sa 240 gr 2205 takaddun an yi shi ne daga aji na 2205 bakin karfe, wanda shine haɗakar ferritic da ƙarfe na yau da kullun.

M 718 wani Nickel ne-chromium-tushen allurai wanda ake amfani dashi a cikin manyan aikace-aikace na babban-matsakaici kamar turbues da gas turnes. Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan da ke haifar da samar da Astm B670 Cikin Cikin Tsarin M.18 shine farantin mura. Akwai manyan nau'ikan farantin m 718 suna samuwa a kasuwa: zafi birgima da sanyi mirgine faranti.

316l 1.4401 S31603 bututun karfe mai yawa wanda aka saba amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen masana'antu da kasuwanci. Wannan ss esp unpe s31603 an yi shi ne daga ingancin karfe 316l karfe tare da kyakkyawan farin ƙarfe ga lalata wurare ko aikace-aikacen zartarwar damuwa.

Ana bayyanar da COIL 625 ta hanyar da ta yi kyau game da juriya ga hadawa, m lalata lalata da gajiya. Astm b443 uns n06625 an yi amfani da farantin m farantin, kayan aikin sunadarai da ƙura saboda ƙarfinsa ko da taurin kai.

Allioy 800 shine nickel-baƙin ƙarfe-chromium rehoy tare da ƙarfi da kuma kyakkyawan jure hadawan abu da iskar shaka da lalata a yanayin zafi a babban yanayin zafi. Astm B407 Unguwa N08800 incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 ALDEDEDEDed bututu ana amfani da shi sosai don gina kayan aiki suna buƙatar juriya na lalata, ƙarfin yanayin zafi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi, ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali don sabis har zuwa 1500 ° C).

A 316 Bakin Karfe PIPE ya zama kayan da ba makawa ga ɓangaren masana'antu. Wannan yana yin farin ƙarfe na baƙin ƙarfe da kuma chrome an san shi ne saboda babban juriya ga lalata, kazalika da karkatarwar sa. 316 Bakin karfe Tushewar za'a iya samar da su a duka baby da ba da haske don biyan takamaiman bukatun abokin ciniki.

Balagagge na titanium kusan kashi 60% na bakin karfe da allon nickel, wannan tanadi mai nauyi yana sa ya zama sanannen sanannen zaɓi a cikin aikace-aikacen inda Aerospace.

Gyara-expansion gilashin fadada-nickel-Nickel-cogert Aloleys, KOVAR Alloys, kuna da daidaituwa na zafi a cikin wani yanki mai wahala a cikin kewayon yanayin zafi

Al6xn wani seprenitic bakin karfe tare da fitattun juriya ga chloride pittroation, vervice lalata da damuwa ciwon jiki. Al6xn shine 6 na Aloly Alloy wanda aka inganta don kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin mahalli mai tsauri. Yana da babban nickel (24%), mlybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen da chromium m crossion crosros crossion crosros, chloride m jonishration, da kuma na kwarai na lalata juriya. Al6xn an yi amfani da shi da farko don inganta rikicewa da ganyayyaki lalata juriya a cikin chlawed. Yana da sinadari mai kyau da walwala.

Incoloy 925 flanges an yi shi ne da hazo hardeded Nickoy. Yana ba da m lalata juriya ga Ilo¯s 'yar'uwar Alloy 825, amma tare da karuwar ƙarfi ya haifar da tsarin hard gaba.

Abubuwan da ke cikin ƙuƙwalwa na ciki 600 na daidaitattun daidaito na N06600 da Astm B167 sune waɗanda aka ƙera babbar matsin lamba kuma su zo tare da Gargadi.

Incoloy 925 filayen 925 an san su da juriya ga janar ga janar, Pittin, cututtukan rauni a cikin mahalli da yawa ciki har da wadanda dauke da sulfund da chlawed.

Nilo Aloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Haɗin kai-baƙin ƙarfe ne, faɗaɗa nichoon wanda ya ƙunshi kashi 36% kuma yana da ƙimar haɓakawa na goma da goma.

Wannan yana bayar da inganta juriya ga sulfuric acid. Hakanan yana da babban abun ciki na chromium, don haɓaka juriya game da sinadarai da ƙayyadowin da ke gurbata tare da ferric ions da kuma narkar da ointen oints kuma narkar da oxygen.

Smi 254 bututu na iya jure high danniya danniya da alloy 254 Sco Pipe mai tsayi mai tsayi a cikin yanayin zafi da kuma mahalli marasa galihu.

A matsakaici yanayin zafi, werkstoff babu 1.4301 SS 304 flanges kuma zai iya isar da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin mafita mafita, musamman waɗancan mafita waɗanda suke da feshin chlorides ko fitsari.

Incoloy 925 Slip a kan flages da aka tashe samar da kyakkyawan juriya ga fashewar-lalata, pitting da crevice lalata da rage yawan oxidizing da rage mahalli da rage mahalli da rage mahalli.

Akwai wadatattun masu sauri na C2000 da ke girma da kuma kauri, wannan nau'in Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Almara da juriya na lalata.

Abubuwan da ke cikin bututun ɗumbin kasusuwa suna da mafi girman ƙarfin-ɗaukar ƙarfi da ƙarfi da ƙarfi akan sauran maki.

Mafi Girma Chromium, Molybdenum da ke haifar da haifar da juriya daidai da lambar Austenitic da Duplex bakin ruwa mai mahimmanci a sama kusan 50¡aya.

Kamfanin jirgin sama mai sauri
Manufofin masu tsayayya da saurin saurin sauri suna amfani da su ne da masana'antar sarrafa sinadarai. Bukatar ingantaccen aiki tana haifar da karbara da ci gaban su a bangarorin makamashi, lafiya da gas, man gas da masana'antar Gas na Gas.

Incoloy 800h flange muna da karfi suna da karfi a cikin masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban iri wanda zai dace da bukatun abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Alliy 800 weld wuyan waka muna da tsananin suna a masana'antar don samar da manyan flanges daban-daban na samar da wasu abokan cinikinmu. Mun kera infinoy 800 flanges waɗanda suke dogara kuma suna da inganci. Muna amfani da albarkatu da kayan aikin haɓaka da haɓaka haɓaka don samar da Astm B564 mara nauyi N0880 indoloy 800 flanges.

Nickel 200 flanges flanges na nickel 200 flanges sagewa ne, gyara da tsayayye, kuma ku sami lafiya. Haka kuma, Astm B564 asa mara nasara flanges flashe ne a cikin tsaka tsaki da oxidizing, sa su zama cikakke don amfani da kayan aiki na abinci.

Don dalilai masana'antu, a cikin tsarin bututun ruwa, yawanci muna buƙatar canza hanyar watsa; tsara kwararar ruwa (mai da gas, ruwa, laka); Buɗe ko rufe bututun, da sauransu sabili da haka, don cim ma waɗannan ayyukan, za a yi amfani da abubuwan bututun ƙarfe.
Rubuta farantin, takardar, tsiri coil
Tsawon 0 ~ 12m ko kamar yadda kuke buƙata
Nisa 0 ~ 2500mm ko kamar yadda kuke buƙata
Kauri 0.3 ~ 1200m ko kamar yadda kuke bukata

Inlalsel 600 shine nickel-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chrisoy tare da m canidance juriya, juriya da oxidation da ƙarfi a kan yanayin zafi. Saboda babban abun ciki na nickel, 600 yana da matukar tsayayya da chloride ion danniya. Ba a buƙatar hardening a matsayin rashin lafiya 600 ya taurare kuma ya ƙarfafa shi ta hanyar aikin sanyi kawai. Bayyanar 600 na iya yin aiki a yanayin zafi kamar ƙasa 700¡Ã (370¡yAC).
Standard Sus, Aisi, Din
Diamita 5 ~ 500mm
Tsawon ¨q12m ko kamar yadda kowace bukatun abokan ciniki

Raba sanduna suna sanyi da aka zana kuma an yanke shi a tsayin daka ko yanke girman. Alboy sanders zagaye suna ba da ƙarfi da juriya da lalata a cikin yanayin mahalli kuma ana iya amfani dashi a cikin firam, masana'antu sashe da masana'antar abinci.
Standard Sus, Aisi, Din
Diamita 5 ~ 500mm
Tsawon ¨q12m ko kamar yadda kowace bukatun abokan ciniki

Kasuwanni da yawa sun fi son gaskiyar cewa rashin lafiya 600 wani abu ne mai mahimmanci. Saboda haka ana amfani da alloy a cikin masana'antu masu yawa a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban waɗanda suka shahara 600 bututu. Gina waɗannan bututun za a iya ɗaure ko kuma suna iya zama marasa aure. Akwai fa'idodi don amfani da duka biyun. Don E.G. Abubuwan fifiko na rashin walwala 600, suna cikin aikace-aikace inda tattalin arzikinta yake taka muhimmiyar rawa. Kodayake mai rahusa fiye da ɗaya, waɗannan bututun suna da kabu-kabu, wanda zai iya zama mai saukin kamuwa da lalata. A cikin yanayin, inda mai siye yana buƙatar mafi girman nau'in juriya na lalata da kuma ikon yin tsayayya da matsin lamba, bututu mai lalacewa 600 shine mafi kyawun zaɓi.
Rubuta bututu mara kyau
Bututu mara kyau
Welded bututu
Welded bututu
Saw Lsaw Erw Efw
Ya kasance ƙarshen, bayyane "
Girman OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "
Kauri: Sch5 ~ Schxxs
Tsawon: kamar yadda kake bukata. "
Masana'antu mai zafi
Samar da daidaitaccen Asme B36.10 Asme B36.20

An yi flants daga 310s bakin karfe 31, wanda shine tsananin zafi-mai tsafta. 310s bakin karfe flance yana dauke da manyan matakan Chromium (24-26%) da nickel (19-22%) don samar da ingantattun lalata lalata da ƙarfin zafin jiki.

Molybdenum incoloy 925 Dogon wuyan wuck walwes flanges juriya da lalata da ganyayyaki. Titanium da aluminum cikin incoloy 925 nippo flanges tarawa a lokacin magani mai zafi.

Fasaha Carbon Carbon wani nau'in rim ne wanda aka kirkira a ƙarshen bututun lokacin da aka daidaita akan bututu. Ana amfani da shi don rufe ƙarshen bututu, bawuloli ko wasu haɗin haɗi. Tana da karfin tenarfafa tena kuma tana samuwa tare da filayen convex kuma suna tallafawa don saukarwa mai sauƙi. Yana da baƙin ƙarfe-carbon riguna yana dauke da 2.1 wt.% Carbon. Carbon Carbon ba shi da mafi ƙarancin matakan wasu abubuwan abubuwan da suka kula, amma galibi yana dauke da manganese.

Wani muhimmin fasali na N08800 Incoloy Siloy 800 Cold birgira farantin shine ta hanyar juriya na clorision, wanda ya ƙarfe, kamar sauran takwarorin da ba a dace da shi ba.

Hanyoyin C-276 shine smet ɗin ni mo mooro tare da tungsten, wanda ke da kyakkyawan lalata juriya a cikin manyan mahalli mahalli. Babban abun ciki na Ni da Mo Somely musamman tsayayya da pittroon da ganyayyaki na lalata a cikin matsakaici yanayin hadayar hadawa.

Kodayake Molybdenum abu ne mai kyau, amfani da shi na iya rage girman zafin creep na farantin farantin gr F11. Gravitation da kuma lalata gashin ƙarfe na iya faruwa lokacin da zazzabi ya wuce digiri 500 Celsius. Chromium ta kara zuwa182 F11 Alloy Karfe Cl.2 Finaku da bututun bututu don hana rage girman tsadar Creep da kuma hoto. Bugu da kari, wanda kara chromium ya kuma ba da juriya na iskar shaka iri-iri.

An yi amfani da flanges duplex karfe a cikin injiniyan da aka yi amfani da su, kayan masarufi da masana'antu mota. Duplex Karfe S31803 flanges na cin abinci yana da kyau don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar mafi kyawun juriya na lalata jiki fiye da nau'in zafin jiki mai kyau. Muna da Duplex Karfe S31803 \ / S32205 Stock. Duplex Karfe Flanes ana amfani da su a cikin sunadarai, mai petrochemical, da masana'antu na wutar lantarki.

Nickel 200 shine m maganin karfafa karfe. Nickel Baf 200 ya ƙunshi 99.6% na Nickel ta nauyi da nauyi kuma ana ɗaukarsa kasuwancin nickel ne. Abincin 2.4066 mashaya yana da kyawawan kayan inji da na jiki. Misali, Astm B160 N02200 yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga mahaɗan lalata da yawa har da yanayin marasa goro. A halin yanzu, Nickel 200 ne mai magani mai magani ya karfafa alloy wanda za'a iya tsara shi azaman sanduna da sanduna. Wadannan bangarorin guda biyu ana amfani dasu masu inganci kuma za'a iya rarrabe su daga wasu mahimman ayyuka.

Nickel-tagulla na tushen Singy 400 Monel 2.4360 sanyi Drawny sanda shi ne kusan hanyoyin lalata da ke tattare da kafaffiyar hanya a cikin mahalli na yau da kullun. Monel 400 ne jan ƙarfe da na nickel dangane da wannan sanannen ya shahara a yau saboda babban aikinta. Alloy yana da kyakkyawan acid da alkali resistance. Bugu da kari, yana da ƙarfi mai yawa, karkara, kyakkyawan aiki, kuma yana iya taurare ta hanyar aikin sanyi. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani dashi a aikace-aikace tare da yanayin zafi daga debe ga digiri 538 Celsius.

Nickel Alhoy 400 da na onel 400, wanda kuma aka sani da unƙasa Nickoy na jan ƙarfe da aka kunshi da farko na biyu cikin uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel da na uku nickel da na uku nickel da kuma na uku nickel. Nickel Alloy 400 an san shi da juriya game da yanayin lalata yanayi, gami da Alkalis (ko acidros), ruwan gishiri, acid. Tunda Monel 400 ko Alloy 400 karfe ne mai sanyi, wannan rigakafin yana da wuya, taurin kai da ƙarfi. Ta hanyar sanyi Astm B164 uns n04400 mashin n04400 san hannun jari, an gina alloy zuwa matakan mikiya na inji, wanda kuma ya haifar da canje-canje a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microstruchure a cikin Microsoy na Microstruchture.

Mugun da ba shi da iyaka 600 na zagaye shine tushen Nickel tare da Carburization da kuma kyakkyawan lalata juriya a babban yanayin zafi. Baruna marasa amfani guda 600 suna da tasiri a kan bushewa CL2 da sauran gas daban-daban a m yanayin zafi. Alloy 600 mashaya wani Nickoy tare da kyawawan juriya na oxidation da kuma tsayayya ga lalata ruwa na childation da acidation na cin hanci da ruwa a cikin yanayin zafi.

Nilo \ / allioy k w.nr .: 1.3981
AN KARANTA: K94610 ASM F15
Incoloy 925 flanges, wanda aka yi ta amfani da mafi kyawun kayan inganci. Incoloy 925 The Coneed Flanges (United N09925) Hakanan za'a iya amfani dashi don cancanta, da kuma sharkts a cikin mahalli na ruwa.
Don canjin sutura tare da gilashi mai wahala

Yana nuna kyakkyawar juriya ga tsaka tsaki da rage mahalli. Wannan alloy yaso da isasshen oxide, fim mai kariya wanda baya kashewa, amma yana riƙe da manyan juriya da iskar shaka ta iskar shaka a cikin yanayin zafi.
Gyara 36 Bayanin Bayanai: Unps K93600, W.NR 1.3912

Incoloy 925 Bakin Karfe Fl Farren Mawaki Baza Yin Juriya
Ana amfani da bututun mai sauri a masana'antu a cikin manyan masana'antu ciki har da sarrafawa na petrochemical, masana'antar sarrafa kayan aikin sunadarai, masu girki da tsire-tsire mai.
Invar 36 od od: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-22mm

Flah shine sassan da ya haɗu da bututun guda biyu na ƙarewa, flange da art uku an haɗa su a matsayin rukuni na haɗin haɗi. An kara Gasket tsakanin manyan famiyu sannan kuma ya ɗaure ta hanyar kusoshi. Daban-daban matsa lamba, kauri ya bambanta, kuma kusoshi da suke amfani da su sun zama maballin flanges, amma wannan bangare ne na na'urar saiti, kamar yadda haɗin ke tsakanin flanges, ba shi da haɗin kai tsakanin flanges da famfo ruwa, ba haka bane Inapostoite don kiran famfon ruwa kamar yadda flange misalin nau'ikan, amma dangi kananan bawul, ana iya kiran shi azaman nau'ikan sassan.

A182 304L Bakin karfe shine ɗan ƙaramin carbon na 304 bakin karfe, wanda ke sa 304l bakin bakin karfe mai kyau don aikace-aikacen da juriya da rikice-rikice ke da mahimmanci. Karfe na 304l na yau da kullun ana amfani dashi don flanges, abubuwan da ya dace, da sauran abubuwan da ke buƙatar walibai.

Idan ya shafi yanayin zafin jiki da juriya na lalata cututtukan cututtuka don pipping tsarin, bakin karfe galibi abu ne na zabi. Daga cikin nau'ikan duniyoyi na bakin karfe na bakin karfe, 310 1.4436 S31000 Bakin Karfe Weld Shelt na musamman don aikace-aikacen ma'aikata.

316 Lap ɗin haɗin gwiwa shine nau'in flani ɗin da ake amfani da shi yawanci a cikin tsarin pipping tsarin. SS LPJ flange an tsara shi don haɗa bututu guda biyu ko kayan haɗi tare da mamaye filayen sannan kuma ya haɗa su tare. 316 Lap din Lap Piple flanges ana amfani dashi a aikace-aikacen inda akwai buƙatar lokaci-lokaci na lokaci-lokaci da taro na tsari, alal misali, don cire bawul ko famfo.

Incoloy 926 (n08926) Nickel-tushen alloy ya ƙunshi 14.0-18.0% cr da 24.0-25.0% NI. Yana da tushen Nickoy da Titanium da Aluminum, tare da isasshen Chromium don ƙirƙirar da kuma kula da isasshen sikelin chromium oxide don kare shi a ƙarƙashin yanayin zazzabi.

Molybdenum incoloy 925 Slight a kan flanges Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Cutar Ciki da Girka yayin Chromium suna ba da juriya ga yanayin oxidizing.

Girman kai 36® nickel-baƙin ƙarfe ne, ƙaramin bayanihonan da ya ƙunshi 36% Nickel - 500 ° C).

Mun bayar da babbar hannun wari na m da wuya don nemo ka'idoji - Asme \ / Anssi, Jis, MST, AIS, JIS POPEP 1.400, AIS, JIS POPE PRANGES 1.4306 SS Fasauna, Astm A182 F304L Flanges, SS 1.4306 Flanges a Kasuwar da ke Jagoran Farashi daga China.

Zai iya yin tsayayya da ƙamshi da yawa na oxidizing da marasa amfani da ba su haifar da juriya da tsayayya da tashin hankali da kuma harin da sauran halides.

Mafi girma gaji na nickel fiye da incoloy 800, yana ba da ingantaccen kariya ga chloride-ion danniya lalata lalata. Theed Molybdenum da jan ƙarfe yana ba da juriya don rage magunguna.

Yawancin filayen bakin karfe na bakin karfe duk suna samuwa a cikin bututun ht bututu, ciki har da wels, siliki-kan, siliki, weld welds, makafi, makafi, makaho

Incoloy 925 Yan wasan kwaikwayo mai flanges yana da juriya ga chloride ion rikicewa ¨c lalata crosing. Saboda incoloy 925 WELD WALNES SPLONES yana ba da kyakkyawan maganin juriya da lalata ciki a cikin oxidizing da yawa a cikin aikace-aikacen gas da na ainihi.

Ana amfani dashi sosai a cikin yanayin bincike da gas da gas kuma a cikin masu musayar zafi a cikin petrochemical \ / sarrafa sunadarai.

Hakanan ana ba da flanges 925 Mana Makafi a cikin girma dabam dabam da sifofi ga abokan cinikinmu. Incoloy 925 Soket Weld Flanges ana samar da shi da wani wuri re ¨c Smc tsari, amma ana iya kawo amfani da aikace-aikacen da ya narke aikin lantarki idan aka ba da damar amfani da kayan aikin.

Haɗin nickel da Chromium incoloy 925 zoben gyaran zoben gunaguni suna jujjuya kariya a cikin duka oxridiz. Babban aiki na Incoloy a cikin Incoloy flanges 925 Sperr flanges kamar nika, ¨ing ko juya, yawanci ana yin amfani da coolants ruwa ¨cc.

AN S32205 DUMLEX Karfe Asme Sa182 Butt flanges sun dace da ruwan teku da kayan aikin da suke aiki mai kyau na iya tsayayya da yanayin halaye.

Incoloy 925 flange ana amfani da flange don saukar da rami da kuma iskar gas saboda crassing dorewa da damuwa-ctrosros a cikin ± (H2s dauke da) mai da gas na halitta da gas.

Ana amfani da flange 925 sau da yawa ana amfani da flange don marine da kuma famfo masu ƙarfi ko kuma tsarin piping mai ƙarfi.

An tsara Monel 400 a matsayin lambar Werkstoff 2.4360 da und N04400. Alloy 400 PIP 400 PIPE wanda aka sani da Monel Alloy 400 bututu, monel 400 bututu & nickel Alloy 400 bututu.

304 Bakin karfe don haka flange kayan haɗin da aka yi amfani da su a tsarin bututun don haɗa bututu biyu, bawuloli, ko kuma su tare.

Incoloy 925 Makaho Manufo Manzon 925 Makafi flanges ya haɗu da ƙarfi na hazo-hardenable ado tare da amfani da mannewar masara kamu 925. Da yawa daga cikin mashin manne rai da yawa ciki har da: masu sana'a, bawuloli masu flanges na amfani da su: masu suttura, da bawuloli, tubulars na samar da gas.

Nickel tushen 800 incoloy pipe an san shi da kyau da lalata ga lalata. Ainihin magana, wanda ke cikin Incoloy 800 bututu yana ba da isasshen juriya game da carburitization duka da lalata hadawa da iskar shaka.

Aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar haɗuwa da ƙarfin ƙarfi da juriya da juriya na lalata suna iya yin la'akari da fannonin wuya 925. An kamata duka ya rage girman Hardening na incoloy flanges na incoloy flantes na 925 sodle Welnes, amma za a iya rage girman ta rage saurin sarrafa da \ / ko zurfin yanke.

Incoloy 926 shine mafi yawan zafi sosai fiye da na al'ada-nickel bakin karfe kamar 304. Babban nickel da ke ciki yana ba shi ingantacciyar juriya fiye da daidaituwar 18-8.

Incoloy 925 Flnite yana samar da kyakkyawan kariya a cikin oxidized da rage yanayi.

Incoloy 925 Flanen flange yana samar da kyakkyawan juriya ga chloride ion danniya-crosion crriting.

Incoloy 925 Flanen 925 Flanen flange yana ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga m da ganyen lalata.

Unguwa da aka ambata kamar Alloy Al6xn Al6xn shine ƙananan carbon, babban tsarki, nitrogen-moldenum super-molyitenum reurmeri da kyakkyawan juriya ga lalata da kuma kyakkyawan lalata.

Incoloy 925 flange kuma ya ƙunshi ƙarin matakan titanium da aluminium idan aka kwatanta da 825.

Incoloy 925 Bakin Karfe Fl FHlah

Ana amfani da kayan aiki da kayan aiki na aiki don rage aikin-hardening na waɗannan incoloy 925 Lap hadin gwiwa.