Tuberias de Acero Inox Cov Android OFPLEX 254SMO 1.4547

Las Laminas Duplex tus tub Ausenitico-Ferriticos con la misma composicion. Esta dise? Ado Para Prodorcionar Laminas tiv dhau tus La corrosion Y de Alta ProtectionCia. Utiliza UN tus kav nroog Contenido de Cromo Hasta Un 28%. LA PLAS ALSTM A240 UN UNT S32750 THAIB UNALITE Elroximentale 77 Ksi Y una Dease A LA TRACCION de Al Menos 730 MPa. Se estirech un 25% thiab Estado Recocido.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Qib 309 bolts tsis teb rau kev kho cua sov, thiab ua haujlwm txias ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv kev nce siab thiab muaj zog. Hom 309 bolts tsis tuaj yeem ua rau kev kho cua sov, qhov twg annealing yog ua thaum xyoo 1900¡ÃF (1028ÃF (1028. Cua sov no AISI 309 ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm 1050¡Ãc thiab 1150¡Ãc thiab dej quenching kom ntseeg tau tias txhua tus carbided.

254 Smo (Unical Un31254) ES Un31254) ES FORO INOXIDABLE Austenitico PiceSenitico Para Unra Maxima Active Alex Picrosion Ib Corrosion Picaduras Y Grietas.

ASTM A350 Qib LF2 yog cov tawv nqaij tawv kom tau muab tso rau hauv qhov qub, ua ib txwm ua thiab quenched thiab quemed.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

ASTM A453 npog cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov khoom kub siab bolted pob qij txha nrog coefficients ntawm kev nthuav dav sib piv rau cov hlau tsis sib xws. Peb tsim khoom A453 Qib 660 Qib D Cov Chav Bolts, nthuav tawm Bolts, Threaded Rods thiab ntau dua rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Lub caij no, ASTM A453 qib 660 Qib D Qib Lub Zog, thiab cov ntsia hlau, rau kev kub siab, thiab lub raj raj kub siab thiab lub raj kub siab ntau ntau.

Lub siab ntawm cov chromium thiab npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau ua rau lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kub, hnav thiab corrosion. Tsis yog lawv paub rau lawv corrosion tsis kam, tab sis lawv tseem paub txog lawv cov ntsej muag huv thiab kev nyiam huv tag nrho.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Qhov no Nickel Alloy Cov Lus Qhia Ua Kom Zoo Li Zoo Corrosion Resistance, Weldability zoo thiab muaj zog.

ASME B36.19M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav hlau stainless hlau, uas qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsim khoom rau cov kav dej thiab cov txiv ntseej.

Ib txoj kev sib koom ua ke flanged yog tsim ntawm peb cais thiab ywj siab yog tias muaj cov khoom sib cuam tshuam; Cov flanges, lub gaskets, thiab cov bolting; Uas tau sib sau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lwm tus cuam tshuam, fitter. Kev tswj hwm tshwj xeeb AE xav tau hauv kev xaiv thiab kev xaiv ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab no kom tau txais kev sib koom ua ke, uas muaj acceetable quickness.

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus siab dua ntawm chromium siv rau alloy lub kav hlau tsis kam tawm tsam oxidizing kav dej yog dab tsi li nitric acid, txog li 55% nyhav.
A789 undist s31803 thiab unsamless tubing

Lub alloy tiv taus ntau qhov chaw dav dav thiab yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv pitting thiab crevice corrosion. Siv rau hauv kev ua yeeb yam, aerospace thiab marine engineering, cov khoom muaj kuab paug-tswj cov khoom siv tsis taus pa, thiab tshuab hluav taws xob nuclear.

2507 Chav Duplex kuj pom zoo dua ductility thiab txoj kev nruj dua los piv rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ferritic stainless, tab sis lawv tsis muab cov khoom no ua tiav raws li kev ua tiav stainless hlau.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

1 2 BSP Yeeb Nkab Kaum 316 Stainless Hlau - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Lub siab ntawm cov chromium thiab npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau ua rau lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kub, hnav thiab corrosion. Tsis yog lawv paub rau lawv corrosion tsis kam, tab sis lawv kuj yog cov yeeb nkab / / Welded Yeeb Nkab / / Reveled kawg, Plain Kawg

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

acoz inoxidable Super Duplex ntau zog Astm A240 S32750 Palcas
Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).
\ / 5 / raws li

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges
www.htsteelpipe.com
Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

SAE 304 stainless hlau yog qhov feem ntau steel hlau. Cov hlau muaj ob txoj kev chromium (nruab nrab ntawm 18% thiab 20%) thiab thib pua (nruab nrab ntawm 8%) [1] cov hlau uas yog cov qauv hlau tseem ceeb. Nws yog ib tus neeg siv tshuaj hlau tsis huv. Nws tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob thiab cuam tshuam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau dua li cov hlau. Nws sib nqus, tab sis tsis sib nqus dua li hlau. Nws muaj ntau dua corrosion tsis kam ntau dua li cov hlau tsis tu ncua thiab siv dav siv vim yog qhov yooj yim nyob rau hauv ntau yam duab. [1]

Semi-tiav cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm inconel 625 forged Luj Tshib feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv Aerospace ducting thiab pa

Lub Flange yog ob feem ntau siv koom nrog txoj kev tom qab vuam. Kev siv flanges tau siv thaum cov pob qij txha xav tau dismantling. Nws muab cov khoom siv kom tiav. Flange txuas cov yeeb nkab nrog ntau yam sib npaug thiab li qub. Breakup Flanges yog ntxiv DIN cov raj xa dej yog tias yuav tsum tau tu ncua thaum cog qoob loo.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Duplex 2205 tau nce siab dua rau kev ua txhaum thiab erosion corrosion dua sus316L Austenitic Qib Me Nyuam.

Nickel alloy kav yog tsim los ntawm alloys nrog npib tsib xee raws li lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb. Nws yog dav siv rau nws lub zog kub siab, corrosion tsis kam, thermal nthuav dav, tshwj xeeb cov khoom sib nqus.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

ASTM A213, Tp304L, Tp306L, Tp316L, 316TI TP317, SP317, S31254, NO8367, NO8926, NO8367, NO867

Inconel? 600 yog ib tus tswv cuab ntawm Inconel tsev neeg ntawm superalloys. Ib cov khoom siv tsim Hoobkas cov khoom siv, qhov no muaj ntau yam npib tsib xee-chromium alloy muaj siab corrosion thiab kub tsis kam.

Stainless Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils
ASTM A269TPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTSPTPTPTPTSPTPTS TP317, S31254, NOT8367 ASTM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676 N08367 ANTM B677 TSIS TAU N08984
ASTM ASME SB 164 Monel 400 Hloov Bar Unic N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Muaj ntau yam sib txawv ntawm 16 stainless hlau. Qee hom hom yog L, F, N, thiab H Homiants. Txhua tus sib txawv me ntsis thiab txhua tus ua haujlwm sib txawv. "L" txhais tau tias 316L steel muaj cov roj carbon tsawg dua 316.

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.
Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.
Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

Hastelloy C-276 yog ib qho zoo heev rau peb vim nws txoj kev mob siab tiv thaiv ntau qhov chaw ib puag ncig. HT cov yeeb nkab npaj cov khoom loj ntawm Hastelloy C726 Bolts thiab Fasteners. Hastelloy C-276 Ntses-Molybdenum-Molybdenum-Chromium Forged Alloy, Ntseg Hastelloy C. Peb Tshuag Hastelloy C-Alloy C. Peb cov ntsia hlau

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

HT cov yeeb nkab seamless thiab welded 304 \ / 304l stainless hlau yeeb nkab hlau. Cov qib qeb ntawm cov hlau yog qhov dav siv dav tshaj plaws vim nws txoj kev tiv thaiv kom corrosion thiab oxidation. Qee cov txiaj ntsig ntawm xaiv cov khoom no rau cov khoom siv uas muaj nrog nws cov nqi txij nkawm qis, muaj peev xwm tiv taus cov chaw hnyav, thiab muaj weldability. Hom 304 thiab 304l stainless kav hlau kav dej tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub siab thiab chaw hnyav. Hom hlau no yog ruaj khov thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv ntau cov ntawv thov thiab kev lag luam.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

Cov haastelloy b2 weld caj dab flanges yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau hauv oxidizing media lossis qhov twg oxidizing cov kuab paug muaj nyob rau hauv kev txo cov xov xwm.

Hastellloy Raj muaj lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm 1370 degrees Celsius thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim tiam thiab siv nyob rau hauv lub hwj chim tiam, petrochemical, roj ua thiab siv tshuaj lom neeg. Ib qho ntxiv, Werkstoff 2.4819 Hastelloy C-276 Kev Ua Si C-276 yog siv rau hauv kev lag luam xws li cov khoom siv dej hiav txwv, offshore roj drilling, thiab pulp.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub
Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication
Duplex Steel
Tiv Tauj Peb
Portuguese
Xaiv lus
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Loj od: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Suav (Tsoos)
ASTM B366 DN300 200 SCH 80 ASME B16.9

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

A286 (1.4980) Bolts, tseem hu ua alloy 660 bolts, puas yog stainless hlau alloy muaj hlau, npib tsib xee thiab chromium. A286 bolts paub txog lawv lub zog siab, cov plaw ua haujlwm thiab oxidation tsis kub, thaum lub hnub nyoog tawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, A286 bolts muab siab zog los ntawm chav sov los ntawm kev kwv yees li 1300¡Ãf (700¡Ãc).
Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication
Duplex Steel
Tiv Tauj Peb
Portuguese
Xaiv lus
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Qhov loj me "Od: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Suav (Tsoos)
ASTM B366 DN300 200 SCH 80 ASME B16.9

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Incoloy 800 kuj tseem siv tau rau cov ntawv thov xws li ntub dej ntsawj ntshab, thiab reactive cua sov li hauv kev lag luam xws li hauv cov roj nuclear.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

2205 yog cov neeg siv ntau tshaj plaws (Ferritic \ / ustenitic) qib ntawm stainless hlau. Nws yog siv vim nws zoo heev corrosion tsis kam thiab muaj zog siab. Ntau xyoo, ntau tus neeg muab khoom siv hlau tau txhim kho rau tus qauv duplex s31803 muaj kev txwv ntau yam tau lees paub ntau yam tau lees paub ntau yam yog tsis raws li S32205 xyoo 1996.
Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication
Duplex Steel
Tiv Tauj Peb
Portuguese
Xaiv lus
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Loj od: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Suav (Tsoos)
ASTM B366 DN300 200 SCH 80 ASME B16.9

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab.

Cov A234 WPB B16.9 Luj tshib yog siv hauv cov yeeb nkab uas siv. Peb raug tsim Attm A234 WPB Luj tshib los ntawm cov kav dej los ntawm kev siv "mandrel" txoj kev uas tso cai rau cov yeeb nkab kom nthuav dav thiab khoov ib txhij.

Alloy 20 (Alloy 20) yog ib tug hlau-based Austenitic alloy tsim los tawm tsam cov sulfuric acid corrosion. Nws tau ua tau zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid acidosion; Nws muaj zog tsis kam mus rau phosphoric acid, nitric acid thiab chloride ib puag ncig, pitting corrosion, pitting corrosion thiab crack corrosion. Yog li ntawd, Alloy 20 muaj lub npe tiv thaiv corrosion alloy; Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv: xws li: tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj, kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsim nyog siv nws. Rau kev tiv thaiv kom pitt corrosion thiab chloride corrosion, kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking teeb meem, thiab lwm yam) feem ntau siv.

Txhawm rau kom xa cov raj xa dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem cov hose ncaj hauv cov raj xa dej. Thaum siv ntau lub raj xa dej, ntau yam kav dej yuav tsum tau siv. Thaum twg cov raj xa dej siv, lub luj tshib yuav tsum tau siv los hloov qhov loj ntawm cov raj xa dej. Thaum bifurcating, peb-txoj kev xaim cov flange kev sib txuas siv thaum lub raj xa hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas txias thiab kev sib tw txias thiab kev sib koom ua ke txias. , Hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov twj paj nruag, kuj tseem muaj cov txuas txuas thiab ntsaws ntawm cov twj paj nruag theem.