Nickel Alloy Fasteners

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

A \ / sa387 gr 9class 2 weldable carbon steel phaj rau qhov kub siab lub nkoj thiab boilers. Cov khoom tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov chromium ntxiv cov chromium thiab molybdenum, uas muab cov hlau zoo corrosion thiab kub tiv taus. A-/ SA387 Qib 9 yog npaj rau kev siv los ntawm cov tuam ntxhab pabcuam roj, roj thiab petrochemical Industries.

Hom 304 yog tsawg dua li muaj zog dua 302 vim nws cov ntsiab lus roj carbon. Hom 304 yog siv dav hauv kev siv cov ntaub ntawv vuam vim tias cov pa roj carbon monoxide feem ntau tso cai rau cov carbide nag lossis daus muaj zog ntawm 800¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡Ãf - 1500¡

ASME B36.19M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav hlau stainless hlau, uas qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsim khoom rau cov kav dej thiab cov txiv ntseej.

Tus yuam sij rau P5 muaj pes muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm chromium-molybdenum alloys yog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm chromium thiab molybdenum. Chromium lossis chromium nce siab kub lub zog, nce oxidation tsis kam thiab nce tensile, tawm los thiab hardness nyob rau hauv chav tsev. Molybdenum txhim kho lub zog, elastic txwv, hnav tsis kam, cuam tshuam zoo thiab tsis muaj zog. Nws nce tsis kam mus muag muag, inhibits Grand kev loj hlob, thiab ua rau Chrome Steel tsawg dua rau embrittlementLement. Molybdenum tseem yog qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws rau kev nce siab qhov kub siab lossis txias. Nws tseem txhim kho txoj kev corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau thiab inhibits pitting corrosion.

Titanium yog suav tias yog lub zog hlau nrog lub zog tensile kawg ntawm 434 MPa uas ua rau 63,000 psi uas yog kwv yees sib npaug nrog lub zog ntawm cov qib qis steel alloy.

Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

DupleX Steel Yeeb Nkab & Tube
Nickel Alloy Flanges
Hom 316 \ / 316L \ / 316h yog Austenitic Stainless Hlau npaj rau siv hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau lub zog siab, kev ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev txhim kho corrosion.
Hlau Daim Phiaj & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Hom 304 yog tsawg dua li muaj zog dua 302 vim nws cov ntsiab lus roj carbon. Hom 304 yog siv dav nyob rau hauv Vuam cov ntawv thov tawm tsam cov pa carbide / Welded Yeeb Nkab / Welded Yeeb Nkab / Welded Yeeb Nkab / Welded Yeeb Nkab / Welded Yeeb Nkab / Reveled Kawg, Plain Kawg

Ib lub flange tuaj yeem ua ib lub phaj rau npog lossis kaw qhov kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab. Qhov no yog hu ua tus dig muag flange. Yog li, flanges tau txiav txim siab yog nyob rau sab hauv cov khoom uas tau siv los txhawb lwm lub tshuab tshuab.

S31803 tau muab ntxiv los ntawm S32205 (F60) uas muaj qhov tsawg dua n, mo, ni thiab cr xij uas lav tau corrosion zoo dua.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas super denplex flanges nco ntsoov cov kev txhim kho tensile lub zog tshaj ferritic thiab Austenitic style.

Inconel 718 Alloy tau xaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws tsim qauv rau nws lub zog siab hauv kev mob kub heev ntawm ob qho kawg ntawm lub spectrum. Nws tuaj yeem siv los ntawm cov kub tsawg dua txhua txoj kev mus txog 1300¡Ãf \ / 7004¡Ãc. Nws cov khoom ua pov thawj tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, tensile thiab nkag mus rau qhov muaj zog thoob plaws thoob plaws. Nws tseem ua pov thawj zoo tensile thiab cuam tshuam lub zog.

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm 304 thiab 304L stainless hlau yog tias 304L muaj .03 max carbon thiab yog qhov zoo rau vuam whereas 304 muaj cov roj carbon ntau.

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.
ASTM A815 WPS32205 Sch40S 90 degrees 90 detees lr asme b16.9

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

Zoo Tshaj B16.5 FF ASTM A105 Normonized Ga thiab 60020 Carbon Steel Asme Weld Nom Daj Dab Nraus

Nilo \ / alloy k w.nr.: 1.3981
ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Peb yog cov tuam txhab tsim khoom, cov chaw muag khoom ntawm cov roj carbon steel A105 \

Cov qib ntawm carbon hlau flanges muaj txiaj ntsig hauv cov yeeb nkab steel yeeb nkab flanges, forged fittings, li qub, thiab lwm yam kev pab kub-kub.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

Monel K500 Bolts muab cov cim tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zog siab nrog corrosion zoo li corrosion tsis kam rau Monel 400 thiab txhim kho kom muaj cov pa roj av.

Hastelloy C2000 Kav Tos LB626 Hastelloy C2000 Welded Tubing

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.
Alloy Hlau Bars & Rods
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Alloy Steel
Caw 36 Lub C93600
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
ANSI B16.9 Stainless Hlau 304 BollowWeld Fitting Tee
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.
Cov Yeeb Nkab Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Haitian croole
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Alloy Steel
Caw 36 Lub C93600
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
Loj od: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Duplex Steel Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.
Alloy Hlau Bars & Rods
Haitian croole
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Alloy Steel
Caw 36 Lub C93600
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
ANSI B16.9 Stainless Hlau 304 BollowWeld Fitting Tee
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES

ASTM A269TPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTSPTPTPTPTSP, Tp317, S3127, TSIS TAUSM B676, NOT8367, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, TSIS TAUSM B676, ASTM B677 UNSICT N08925, tsis yog N08939

Hastelloy C276 yog npib tsib xee-molybdenum wring alloy uas yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau ntawm cov kev tiv thaiv feem ntau alloy muaj. Qhov no alloy yog resistant rau kev tsim cov nplej zom ua ntej precipitates nyob rau hauv weld-cuam tshuam rau feem ntau cov txheej txheem kev siv tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug welded mob. Alloy C-276 kuj muaj qhov tsis kam muaj pitting zoo heev rau pitting, kev nyuaj siab-corrosion tawg thiab oxidizing cua txias txog 1900Ãf. Alloy C-276 muaj kev tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv ntau yam kev tshuaj xyuas ib puag ncig.

Hastelloy B2 Flanges tuaj nyob rau hauv Astm B564 cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb nrog cov lus tsis tsawg ntawm? nti mus rau 60 nti raws li cov qauv sib txawv.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.
Cov Yeeb Nkab Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Haitian croole
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Alloy Steel
Caw 36 Lub C93600
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
Loj od: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Taub qab vuam s31803 Asme B16.5 Fittings Caps

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

ASTM A320 L7 Stud Bolts yog tsim rau kev ua tau kub tsawg. Cov fasteners feem ntau siv hauv li qub, flanges, fittings thiab siab cov hlab ntsha. Lub ATTM cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb pom zoo qhov tsawg kawg nkaus cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm 20-ft-lbf -150f rau Astm A320 L7 Studs.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Zoo li ntau lwm tus nickel alloys, nws yog ducat thiab yooj yim rau daim ntawv thiab weld. Qhov no alloy yog siv nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig muaj kev lag luam uas muaj ib puag ncig corrosive swb.

Txhawm rau kom xa cov raj xa dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem cov hose ncaj hauv cov raj xa dej. Thaum siv ntau lub raj xa dej, ntau yam kav dej yuav tsum tau siv. Thaum twg cov raj xa dej siv, lub luj tshib yuav tsum tau siv los hloov qhov loj ntawm cov raj xa dej. Thaum bifurcating, peb-txoj kev xaim cov flange kev sib txuas siv thaum lub raj xa hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas txias thiab kev sib tw txias thiab kev sib koom ua ke txias. , Hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov twj paj nruag, kuj tseem muaj cov txuas txuas thiab ntsaws ntawm cov twj paj nruag theem.

Raws li muaj ntau dua tensile thiab tawm lub zog tseem muab cov ductility zoo thiab tiv taus kom muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion.

Cov khoom ntawm ASME B16.5 Inconel 625 Flange yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy. Qee qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas Inconel 625 yog qhov tseeb yog nws lub zog tensile muaj zog, txheej txheem ua tau zoo (suav nrog kev koom tes tsis zoo.

S32750 S32760 SUPLLEX Stuple Stainless Hlau Pipes Nrog Cov Pitting Zoo Tshaj

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Featuring 304 Stainless Hlau Rau Heev Zoo Corrosion, Qhov kev pom zoo Weld Neck Flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub kaw lus weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

La Tureria txoj kev txhaum Costura Astm B167 Inconel 600 es menos resiste ib las doluciones oxidantes oxidantes oxidantes siv, com acido nitrico nitrico calentado.

Inconel 825 lossis Alloy 825 tuaj yeem siv rau puag ncig bar, yeeb nkab, raj, ntawv thiab phaj. Inconel 825 siv hauv cov roj thiab roj lossis petrochemical cov ntawv thov thiab qee cov chaw tubrog nkoj thiab cov chaw muaj suab.

Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

904L (N08904, 14539) Super Austenitic Super Stainless Hlau muaj 14.0,6,6-26.0% npib tsib, 4.5% molybdenum. 904L Super Austenitic Stainless Hlau yog cov roj carbon, siab, Molybdenum Austenitic Ausenitic ARSLOR-Resistant steel, uas yog cov khoom siv ntawm Fabkis los ntawm Fabkis H¡¤ Bank. Nws muaj cov kev ua kom zoo-passivation hloov muaj peev xwm, zoo heev corroside pitoride tsis kam, thiab zoo li kev ua yeeb yam zoo heev. Nws yog qhov haum rau ntau qhov kev hnov ​​ntawm cov sulfuric acid hauv qab 70 à Ãc, thiab muaj qhov zoo thiab muaj cov kua qaub zoo nkauj thiab cov acetic acid thiab acetic acid.