Hlau Ntsiav

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

Kev ua kom zoo yog kev xyaum ua ke ntawm cov qauv hauv ib lub Rhiav lossis lwm qhov chaw sib dhos ua ntej thauj mus rau qhov chaw rau erection.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

Feem ntau ATM A694 F52 Flange Manufacturers hais tias lub flange tau txhim kho lub zog kho tshuab xws li nws lub zog kub ua kom zoo thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Kev tsim cov kev tsim ua kom ASME SA182 F9 flanges yuav ua tiav siv cov alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon ntau. Txo cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv cov alloys txo qhov tsim ntawm carbide precipitates. Qhov no txhais tau tias Alloy Steel F9 Flanges yuav tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev txhim kho kev txhim kho hauv cov cua sov cuam tshuam weld cheeb tsam.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Nws muaj kev sib sau tau zoo heev thiab vuam cov yam ntxwv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim nres lossis yob ua ntau yam ntawm cov seem rau cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam, kos duab kos duab, thiab tsheb thauj mus los hauv teb. Qib 316 tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv vuam zoo. Tom qab Weld Annealing tsis tas yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj thaum vuam nyias./ jeltype

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

ASME B16.5 A182 F304 Od4 Chav Kawm 150 RTJ Alloy Steel Tuav Hauv Flange1.7362 1.7386
Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).
ASME B36.19M Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab

Nws muaj kev sib sau tau zoo heev thiab vuam cov yam ntxwv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim nres lossis yob ua ntau yam ntawm cov seem rau cov ntawv thov hauv kev lag luam, kos duab kos duab, thiab tsheb thauj mus los hauv teb. Qib 316 tseem muaj cov yam ntxwv vuam zoo. Tom qab Weld annealing tsis tas thaum vuam nyias ntu.

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

A335 P9 Seamless yeeb nkab yog ib hom chrome molybdenum cov yeeb nkab teev npe, tsis yog ua rau nws lub zog tense-moly), tab sis kuj yog vim nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Chromium Molybdenum cov leeg yog nrov nyob P Qib P5, P9, P11, P22, P91 thiab P92. Cov qhab nia P11, P22 thiab P91 feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov hmoov kev lag luam thiab petrochemical nroj tsuag, thaum P9 qib siab feem ntau siv hauv cov roj ua kom zoo.

Alloy 304 (s30400) thiab 304L (s30403) chromium starys muaj ntau yam thiab yog feem ntau siv alloys hauv tsev neeg stainless hlau.

220. raj rau acier duplex
Incoloy 800h Flange
Stainless hlau 317L flanges yog ib txoj kev txuas cov kav dej, li qub, twj thiab lwm yam khoom siv los ua cov piping system. Nws kuj tau yooj yim pab tu, tshuaj xyuas lossis hloov kho.
Stainless hlau tuav & Rods

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

ASTM A213, Tp304L, Tp306L, Tp316L, 316TI TP317, SP317, S31254, NO8367, NO8926, NO8367, NO867 Astma269TPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTSPTPTSP, TP317, TPP317, S31254, No8367, No8926
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

Alloy 32750 yog super duplex stainless hlau nkag rau hauv kub ua haujlwm thiab kev daws anealed tej yam kev mob. Raws li super duplex stainless hlau, nws ua ke cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg xav tau ntawm cov hlau tsis muaj txiaj ntsig thiab cov hlau ferritic. Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pittenitic ib (prenposive corrosion

Carbon Steel Fasteners
Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Ib Flange yog ib qho kev tawm tsam, daim di ncauj lossis sab nraud, tog twg los sab nraud lossis sab hauv, uas yog cov nqaj hlau xws li ib tug t-nqaj); Rau cov ntawv yooj yim tau yooj yim \ / hloov ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lwm yam khoom (raws li flange thaum kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab, chav dej lub tog raj kheej, lossis ntawm lub ntsej muag lub koob yees duab); Los yog rau kev ruaj khov thiab taw qhia kev txav ntawm lub tshuab lossis nws cov ntu (raws li sab hauv flange ntawm tsheb ciav hlau lossis lub log los ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm cov ciav hlau). Lo lus "Flange" kuj yog siv rau hom cuab yeej siv los ua cov flanges.

Stainless hlau ASTM ATTM A312, TPP36L, TPR316, SP317, S3127, NO8367, NO8926, NO816, NO816, NOT8904

Lub Flange yog qhov thib ob feem ntau siv koom nrog txoj kev tom qab selding. Kev siv flanges tau siv thaum cov pob qij txha xav tau dismantling. Nws muab kev hloov tau rau kev saib xyuas. Flange txuas cov yeeb nkab nrog ntau yam khoom siv thiab li qub. Breakup Flanges tau ntxiv rau hauv cov raj xa hluav taws yog tias kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm cog ntoo.

Lub ASTM A182 Flange Spearification muaj ntawm Alloy Steel thiab yog qhov zoo rau cov ntawv thov siab thiab cov tshuab. F22 yog qib steel. ASTM A182 F22 F22 F22 yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv ntau tshaj plaws thiab yooj yim rau kev siv thiab tsim khoom. Alloy Hlau A182 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22 F22

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

Cov ntsiab lus siab ntawm chromium muaj zoo tsis kam rau oxidizing b3 cov yeeb nkab flanges muab cov alloy nrog zoo tsis kam rau corrosion hauv kev txo cov xov xwm.

Tsis zoo li cov kev siv Austenic 300 series stainless hlau, duplex stainless hlau feem ntau muaj exagless cov khoom. Duplex raj tso tshuaj pom zoo kom siv tsuas cov alloy no raws li nws ua ke cov khoom siv los ua cov txiaj ntsig zoo.

Stainless hlau yog ib qho ntau yam khoom siv hlau thiab ib feem me me ntawm chromium al¡s ntxiv rau cov khoom lag luam tsis muaj zog, ib qho kev ua kom tsis muaj hlau nws lub npe.

316 Stainless Yeeb - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj Stockholder Sa 240 Gr 2205 Ntawv
ASTM A312 TORP36 seamless muaj steel yeeb uns s31600 smls steel yeeb nkab
Cov npe lag luam sib xws: Nickel Alloy 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
Welded Pob Ntshoo Weld Fittings Incmel 600 70 siv rau seamless lossis welded yeeb nkab
Hastelloy B2 Yeeb Nkab Khoov en 10204 3.1 ASME B16.9 BUTWELD FITTINGS
Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
Hastelloy cov yeeb nkab raj b2 b3 x c22000 c276 sms welded steel yeeb nkab
ASTM ASME SB 164 Monel 400 Hloov Bar Unic N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
S32750 SUP SUPLEX Coil Kub Exchanger 1.4410 1.4501 Chev
Stainless Hlau Al-6xN Tube Asme Sb 676 Tsis Ua N08367 Tubing
Kev nthuav qhia ntawm Zhengzhou Huitong Forged Flange 317l Flange
Stub kawg astm A815 tsis tiav32750 sch 40s 200nb

Duplex daim hlau muaj ob theem lossis ob-theem microstructure. Lub microstructure ntawm lub micrlex steel s32205 ntawv ci muaj kev sib npaug ntawm ferrite thiab austenite.
Duplex Steel Fasteners
Alloy Steel
Lithuanian
Nyab laj
Ntau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
A789 undist s31803 thiab unsamless tubing
Carbon Steel Flanges
Stainless hlau wn yog li bl flange rf

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Yeeb 6 Stainless Hlau 304 Sch40
Txhawm rau kom xa cov raj xa dej, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los tshem cov hose ncaj hauv cov raj xa dej. Thaum siv ntau lub raj xa dej, ntau yam kav dej yuav tsum tau siv. Thaum twg cov raj xa dej siv, lub luj tshib yuav tsum tau siv los hloov qhov loj ntawm cov raj xa dej. Thaum bifurcating, peb-txoj kev xaim cov flange kev sib txuas siv thaum lub raj xa hluav taws xob thiab kev sib txuas txias thiab kev sib tw txias thiab kev sib koom ua ke txias. , Hauv kev sib txuas ntawm ntau cov twj paj nruag, kuj tseem muaj cov txuas txuas thiab ntsaws ntawm cov twj paj nruag theem.
Nickel 200 flanges
Alloy Steel
Lithuanian
Nyab laj
Ntau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Tsim cov qauv asme b36.10 asme b36.25
Carbon Steel Flanges
Stainless hlau wn yog li bl flange rf
Inconel 718 2.4668 kub dov phaj thiab colled colled phaj
Ntev: Raws li qhov koj xav tau. "

Monel 400 yog npib tsib xee-tooj ​​liab muaj nrog cov corrosion zoo heev tiv taus ntau yam ntawm kev tshaj xov xwm. Monel 400 yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev ua kom zoo corrosion tsis kam, zoo weldability thiab nruab nrab kom lub zog siab.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Ib txoj kev sib koom ua ke flanged yog tsim ntawm peb cais thiab ywj siab yog tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam; Cov flanges, lub gaskets, thiab cov bolting; Uas tau sib sau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lwm tus cuam tshuam, fitter. Cov kev tswj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv kev xaiv thiab kev xaiv ntawm tag nrho cov muaj cov ntsiab lus kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, uas tau siv tau xau nruj.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Alloy 625 tau txais kev cuam tshuam zoo heev thiab yog nquag siv rau Weld Al-6xN? Alloy. Sib txuam cov chaw ua haujlwm hlau kuj tseem siv los koom nrog cov sib cais.

HT cov yeeb nkab 304 \ / 304l stainless hlau yeeb tau raws li cov qauv kev lag luam thiab cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Peb AVTM A312 thiab ASME SA312 Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab Khoom muaj qhov zoo, ruaj thiab haum rau ntau cov ntawv thov.

Monel 400 yog ib qho tsawg kawg nkaus Nickel (63% tsawg kawg nkaus)

Ib lub flange yog lub nplhaib ntawm cov hlau (forged, txiav los ntawm phaj, lossis koom nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov yeeb nkab, lossis los koom nrog cov hlab ntsha, lossis mus ua ke lossis lwm qhov chaw sib dhos. Flanges tau koom nrog txhua lwm yam los ntawm kev siv pas dej los ntawm vuam los yog xov (lossis xoob thaum cov quav xaus yog siv). Stainless hlau Flange Tau yooj yim raws li ss flange, nws yog hais txog cov flanges uas ua los ntawm stainless hlau. Cov qauv qauv ib txwm muaj thiab qib AN182% F304 \ / L thiab / L thiab / / /50.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.
Nickel 200 flanges
Alloy Steel
Lithuanian
Nyab laj
Ntau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Tsim cov qauv asme b36.10 asme b36.25
Carbon Steel Flanges
Stainless hlau wn yog li bl flange rf
Inconel 718 2.4668 kub dov phaj thiab colled colled phaj
Inconel 600 Yeeb Nkab Antioxidant

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Alloy steel tau muab faib ua ob pawg: high-alloy steel thiab cov roj hlau tsawg-alloy. Tsawg Alloy Alloy Steel Flanges, ntawm qhov tod tes, muaj txog 0.05 ¨c 0.25% carbon thiab mus txog rau 2.0% mchanese.

ASTM A335 yeeb nkab (ASME S \ / A335, Chorme-Moly) yog ib tug seamless ferritic alloy steel yeeb nkab rau cov kev pab kub siab. Yeeb nkab xaj kom raws li qhov kev qhia no yuav tsum tsim nyog rau kev khoov, manstoning thiab zoo sib xws ua haujlwm, thiab fusion vuam. Qee zaum hu ua "P Qib", lilac molybdenum tubing yog nrov nyob P Qib P5, P9, P11, P22 thiab P91. Cov qhab nia P11, P22 thiab P91 feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam muaj zog thiab petrochemical nroj tsuag, thaum P9 qib siab feem ntau siv hauv cov roj ua kom zoo.

316 Puas yog Austenitic chrome npib tsib xee hlau nrog cov corrosion zoo dua mus txog qhov ntawd ntawm lwm cov Chrome Nickel Steels.

Peb muab W.NR 2.4360 Monel 400 txiv neej & poj niam & poj niam & poj niam ua ke rau cov roj fabrication, sab caj dab thiab mus rau petrochemical kev lag luam; Peb cov flanges yog hnub nyoog tawv thiab tiv taus cov kev daws teeb meem, dej hiav txwv, thiab cov tshuaj chloride thiab nitric acids, hauv qab oxidising thiab txo qhov kub. HT cov yeeb nkab siv qhov kawg txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev muab cov khoom uas poob saum toj no uas tau muaj nyob hauv cov qhab nia Monel Flanges cov khoom uas muaj hauv qib ob, 400 thiab K500. Tsis tas li peb muab ntau qhov ntawm Monel Astm B564 400 flanges xws li mund dig muag flanges, monlots k500 scrowaces dig muag, monloifed flanges, monloced flanges, monel alloy 400 txo Flanges, alloy k500 ntiv nplhaib hom sib koom ua ke flanges (RTJ) thiab lwm yam.

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.
Nickel 200 flanges
Alloy Steel
Lithuanian
Nyab laj
Ntau Cov Ntaub Ntawv
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Tsim cov qauv asme b36.10 asme b36.25
Carbon Steel Flanges
Stainless hlau wn yog li bl flange rf
Inconel 718 2.4668 kub dov phaj thiab colled colled phaj
Monel 400 Yeeb Nkab Lub Monel 400 alloy Tube

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Ht yeeb nkab yog ib tug ua chaw tsim khoom ntawm ASTM A182 tsawg Alloy Steel Flanges Raws li lwm hom ntawm alloys. Lub ASTM lub 182 tshwj xeeb yog cov kev pabcuam siab rau cov kev pabcuam siab siab.

Hastelloy B2 Yeeb Nkab khoov tau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau txhua qhov kub thiab txias thiab cov kua qaub hydrochloric acid.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.