Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

UN tsis muaj N08367 kuj tau hu ua al6xx alloy. Al-6xn Alloy (tsis yog N08367) yog cov pa roj carbon, nitrogen-bearing thiab siab purity "super-austenitic" stainless alloy. Lub corrosion tsis kam thiab muaj lub zog siab ntawm Al6X Wn Flange ua nws qhov kev xaiv zoo dua li ntawm weldability xws li lub zog, corrosion tsis tseem ceeb.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Nickel Alloy Yeeb Nkab & Tube
DupleX Steel Flanges
A350 LF2 chav kawm 2 Flange yog siv nyob rau hauv ambient thiab ntau dua kub kev pab. Tom qab ua haujlwm kub thiab ua ntej rov ua dua rau kev kho cua sov, kev foob yuav tsum tau tso cai kom txias ntau yam kev hloov pauv.
Inconel 600 Yeeb Nkab Antioxidant

Cov npe lag luam sib xws: Nickel Alloy 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
yog cov pa roj hmab qis dua ntawm 316 cov khoom siv. ASTM A213 TP.3 pab rau cov cua sov ua kom sov lossis cov hlab kub siab uas tsim nrog 316L Austenitic Stainless hlau. Tus 
1. Laj kab, Tsev Cog Khoom, Qhov Rooj Qhov Rooj, Tsev Cog Khoom

Monel 400 yog cov muaj kev ua tau zoo tsib xee loj copper alloy feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov tseem ceeb thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Monel 400? Muaj lub zog siab, zoo heev tiv taus rau cov kua qaub thiab alkaline ib puag ncig, thiab kev du me me thiab thermal conductivity. This alloy maintains its properties and performance in temperatures ranging from subzero to 1,000¡ãF (538¡ãC). Monel 400 tsuas tuaj yeem tsuas yog ua haujlwm txias los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias.

Incoloy alloy tau thov raws li lub npe prefix mus rau ob peb lub zog corrosion resistant Kub siab rau cov hlau hluav taws xob ntau ntawm cov hlau tshwj xeeb Nickel alloys tau zoo heev rau kev sib pauv cua sov hauv kev lag luam tshuaj thiab nuclear kev lag luam. Lawv tau siv nyob rau hauv chav generator tubing hauv lub zog hluav taws xob, nyob rau hauv cov roj teeb kub thiab roj thiab kub-resistant tubing yog yuav tsum tau

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Peb tau nthuav peb tus kheej ib yam nkaus li cov kev pabcuam, cov qauv tsim khoom thiab tawm los ua cov hlau thiab cov hlau tsis sib xws, thiab lwm cov hlau, thiab lwm yam nyuaj-nrhiav cov hlau.

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Nickel Alloy Inconel 625 feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov kiv cua txuas, cov twj paj nruag tuaj yeem, cov khoom siv ntawm cov twj paj nruag, ntau lwm cov ntawv thov.

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

Cov khoom ntawm ASME B16.5 Inconel 625 Flange yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy. Qee qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb vim li cas Inconel 625 yog qhov tseeb yog nws lub zog tensile muaj zog, txheej txheem ua tau zoo (suav nrog kev koom tes tsis zoo.

Alloy Hlau Bars & Rods
304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

1. Laj kab, Tsev Cog Khoom, Qhov Rooj Yeeb, Tsev Cog Khoom / / 2. Tsis tshua muaj siab kua, dej, roj, roj, kab yeeb nkab / / 3. Rau ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraum zoov kev tsim kho lub tsev / / 4. Dav siv nyob rau hauv scaffolding kev tsim kho uas yog ntau pheej yig dua thiab yooj yim
Alloy 20 ASTM B462 Dig Muag Flanges Alloy 20 Bl Flanges

Ib lub pob tw weld yeeb nkab haum yog tsim kom muaj welded rau ntawm nws cov (s) kom txuas cov yeeb nkab sib txuas ua ke thiab tso cai rau kev hloov pauv lossis lub hlab lossis xaus.

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Lwm qhov nrov tshaj plaws ntawm alloy, qib 304 stainless hlau yog lub tensile lub zog, durability, thiab oxidation tsis kam. Lub ntsiab lus melting ntawm stainless hlau 304 tau mus txog ntawm qhov kub ntawm 2,550 ¡¡ãc ¨c 2,650 ¨C ¨c ¨c ¨c ¨c ¨c 1454 ãC). Txawm li cas los xij, qhov ze dua qib 304 steel hlau mus txog nws cov lus melting, qhov ntau tensile zog nws poob.

Ib tus pas nrig ntaus, tseem hu ua ib lub stud, yog tus pas nrig ntev uas yog threaded rau ob qho kawg; Cov xov yuav txuas raws qhov ntev ua tiav ntawm tus pas nrig. Lawv tau tsim los siv rau hauv nro. Threaded pas nrig nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntim khoom lag luam feem ntau hu ua txhua hom xov.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

Inconel 825 yog cov npib tsib xee uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov lag luam uas lis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Piv txwv li, Inconel 825 puag ncig puag ncig hauv kev lag luam xws li cov huab cua ua kom zoo nkauj, tshuaj tua roj thiab cov roj av, ua zaub mov pov tseg.

Tag nrho peb cov hlau stainless bolts thiab txiv ntoo tsis muaj kev txiav txim tsawg kawg nkaus, koj tuaj yeem xaj kom tsawg li ib lub ntsia hlau lossis txiv ntoo. Yog tias koj tseem tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov koj tab tom nrhiav, thov hu rau peb.

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

Lub Flange yog qhov thib ob feem ntau siv koom nrog txoj kev tom qab selding. Kev siv flanges tau siv thaum cov pob qij txha xav tau dismantling. Nws muab kev hloov tau rau kev saib xyuas. Flange txuas cov yeeb nkab nrog ntau yam khoom siv thiab li qub. Breakup Flanges tau ntxiv rau hauv cov raj xa hluav taws yog tias kev saib xyuas tsis tu ncua thaum lub sijhawm cog ntoo.

Stainless hlau 321 flanges yog ua los ntawm ib titanium stabilized ustenitic steel hlau. Cov khoom muaj cov cim zoo sib xws rau 304 cov khoom tab sis nrog ntxiv cov titanium. Qhov no muab cov flanges nrog ntxiv corrosion tsis kam thiab lub zog.

Ht yeeb nkab cov khoom siv seamless thiab welded 304 \ / 304l steel hlau yeeb nkab. Seamless 304 stainless hlau yeeb muaj tsis muaj ob lub sij hawm yuav kim dua welded steel yeeb nkab, txawm li cas los xij, nws ua tau zoo dua li welded cov yeeb nkab hauv cov dej siab siab. Welded 304 stainless hlau yeeb nkab hlau yog welded steel yeeb nkab, hom yeeb nkab muaj nqis ntau thiab ntau yam.

2507 muaj qhov zoo weldability thiab ua haujlwm, thiab nws tau siv dav hauv cov cuab yeej xav tau, tshuaj lom neeg siab cov hlab ntsha, piping thiab cua sov sib pauv.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

S32750 S32760 SUPLLEX Stuple Stainless Hlau Pipes Nrog Cov Pitting Zoo Tshaj

Ib Flange yog ib qho kev tawm tsam, daim di ncauj lossis sab nraud, tog twg los sab nraud lossis sab hauv, uas yog cov nqaj hlau xws li ib tug t-nqaj); Rau cov ntawv yooj yim tau yooj yim \ / hloov ntawm kev sib cuag nrog lwm yam khoom (raws li flange thaum kawg ntawm cov yeeb nkab, chav dej lub tog raj kheej, lossis ntawm lub ntsej muag lub koob yees duab); Los yog rau kev ruaj khov thiab taw qhia kev txav ntawm lub tshuab lossis nws cov ntu (raws li sab hauv flange ntawm tsheb ciav hlau lossis lub log los ntawm kev khiav tawm ntawm cov ciav hlau). Lo lus "Flange" kuj yog siv rau hom cuab yeej siv los ua cov flanges.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Txhua lub raj ntawm A335 yuav tsum tau sim ntau yam hydrostatically. Ib qho ntxiv, txhua lub raj yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas siv cov qauv kev sim ua tsis yog kev ua txhaum cai raws li kev coj ua.

Stainless hlau B366 WP904L muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab dua thiab tiv thaiv cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov kua dej sab hauv.

Ib qho ntawm qhov txawv nta ntawm inconel 718s muaj pes tsawg leeg yog qhov ntxiv ntawm Niobium kom tso cai lub hnub nyoog ua kom haum thiab muaj qhov ua kom tawv nqaij thaum cua sov thiab cua txias.

Alloy Steel F12 Flanges yog ua los ntawm cov chromium molybdenum alloy muaj cov chromium hauv thaj tsam li 20% rau 40% nyob ntawm kev muab qhab nia. Tsis tas li, rau Alloy Steel F12 Flanges, muaj ntau cov khoom tau ua tau zoo tshaj plaws cov khoom yog ua kom nws txoj kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau ntau qhov kev siv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.
TUGK47 Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Forged flanges
htspipe.com
Alloy Steel
Stainless yeeb 316
Rau mating sealing nrog cov iav nyuaj
Monel400 2.4360 n04400 welded flanges nrog caj dab flanges
Nickel Alloy Fasteners
A182 stainless hlau al6lex teld dab caj dab flange

Ib txoj kev sib koom ua ke flanged yog tsim ntawm peb cais thiab ywj siab yog tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam; Cov flanges, lub gaskets, thiab cov bolting; Uas tau sib sau los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lwm tus cuam tshuam, fitter. Cov kev tswj tshwj xeeb yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv kev xaiv thiab kev xaiv ntawm tag nrho cov muaj cov ntsiab lus kom muaj kev sib koom ua ke, uas tau siv tau xau nruj.
TUGK47 Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Forged flanges
htspipe.com
Alloy Steel
Stainless yeeb 316
Rau mating sealing nrog cov iav nyuaj
Monel400 2.4360 n04400 welded flanges nrog caj dab flanges
Nickel Alloy Fasteners
A182 stainless hlau al6lex teld dab caj dab flange

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Alloy Steel Flange Khoom Siv tuaj yeem sib txawv raws li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg. Tsawg Alloy Alloy Steel Flanges tau siv dav rau kev kho tsheb thiab aerospace lub cev, sab nrauv thiab onshore cov txheej txheem codoress cov phiaj thiab kab txheem tsheb ciav hlau.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.
UNRENT: K94610 ASTM F15
Forged flanges
htspipe.com
Alloy Steel
Stainless yeeb 316
Rau mating sealing nrog cov iav nyuaj
2. Tsawg siab kua, dej, roj, roj, kab yeeb nkab
Nickel Alloy Fasteners
A182 stainless hlau al6lex teld dab caj dab flange
ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj Stockholder Sa 240 Gr 2205 Ntawv
A789 undist s31803 thiab unsamless tubing

ASME B36.19M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav hlau stainless hlau, uas qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsim khoom rau cov kav dej thiab cov txiv ntseej.

ASTM A234 yog cov qauv qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov qauv siv lossis zam cov yeeb nkab steel thiab cov khoom siv hlau alloy.

Daim hlau yog tsim los ntawm kev tsis tu ncua rolling thiab casting lossis, cov hlau yog ua tiav rau hauv ib lub mos txwv ces kub phaj tuab. Akin rau cov phiaj hlau, Rolled Rollings yog forged nyob rau hauv tib tus txheej txheem ¨c nws txawv tsuas yog hais txog Rolling cov lus qhia.

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Inconel 600 yog tsis muaj kev sib nqus, muaj cov tshuab ua kom zoo nkauj, sib xyaw ua ke nrog kev ua haujlwm zoo, thiab yooj yim rau Weld. Alloy 600 Cov Khoom Taw Qhia Khaub Ncaws Cov Khoom Siv Txias feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog Chromium-Alickel Stainless hlau.

ASTM A193 Qib B8 Qeb 1 Bolts thiab cov tub kawm ua los ntawm AISI 304 stainless hlau. Hom 304 yog cov feem ntau siv cov qauv stainless hlau hauv lub nrawm kev lag luam.

Vim tias lawv tau tsim raws li kev qhia tawm t Lwm cov khoom siv neeg kho tshuab yuav tsum tau rau SA1822 F22 xov ntsa flanges suav nrog brinell hardness thiab elongation sib npaug. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov khoom ntawm cov alloy, cov seem no yuav tsum tau dhau los ua cov txheej txheem kho cua sov ua ntej. Cov khoom yuav ua ntej no suav nrog kev kho cua sov siv nyob rau ntawm ASTM A182 F22 F22 Alloy Steel Flange thiab qhov kub uas nws yuav ua. Thaum lub sijhawm kev kho cua sov, ntxiv rau txoj kev ua kom tiav los nqa tawm, lwm qhov ua ntej suav nrog lub inttm A182 F22 forged flange yog yuav tsum txias.
UNRENT: K94610 ASTM F15
Forged flanges
htspipe.com
Alloy Steel
Stainless yeeb 316
Rau mating sealing nrog cov iav nyuaj
2. Tsawg siab kua, dej, roj, roj, kab yeeb nkab
Nickel Alloy Fasteners
A182 stainless hlau al6lex teld dab caj dab flange
ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj Stockholder Sa 240 Gr 2205 Ntawv
Titanium tubing siab zog thiab qis ntom ntom

A105 forged fittings yog txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm nyuaj rau kom thiaj li txhim kho qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom uas muaj kev pabcuam.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.