Inconel 600 Yeeb Nkab Antioxidant

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Unr unic untist s31803 \ / 2205 yog ib qib hlau thib ob nrog Ferritic-Austenitic Micrubtructure. Lub alloy muaj kwv yees li 40-50 ferrite nyob rau hauv anealed mob.

Vim nws cov yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab tus nqi, 304 stainless hlau yeeb nkab yog qhov feem ntau siv cov yeeb nkab hauv ntiaj teb. Stainless hlau 304 piping tuaj yeem tiv taus corrosion los ntawm feem ntau cov kua qaub. Vim nws qhov durability, 304 yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev sterilize thiab yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev siv khoom noj thiab khoom noj.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

Rau cov kab hlau seamless steel fittings hais txog cov fittings raw khoom los ntawm Seamless Steel Kav thiab cov leeg. Yog li welded steel yeeb nkab npog npog cov fittings raw khoom los ntawm welded steel kav kav.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Hastelloy C276 cov khoom siv yog tsim nrog cov khoom siv neeg zoo. Lawv muaj lub zog tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm 601MPA thiab tsawg kawg nkaus zog zog ntawm 204MPA. Cov khoom siv no ua rau lub alloy yooj yim rau tshuab thiab elongate.

Lub unr unnal s31254 weld caj dab flange yog nyiam nyob rau hauv vuam cov ntawv thov. Cov flanges no tuaj yeem tuav cov yeeb nkab hauv qhov chaw thaum vuam. Cov khoom siv tau txog 1390 degrees Celsius Melting taw tes kom nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov kev siv hluav taws xob ntau xws li kev siv hluav taws xob, boiler thiab petrochemical muaj cov ntawv thov.

Nickel Alloy tuav & RDS
S31803 Stainless hlau yog ib qho nitrogen alloy ob lub stainless hlau stainless hlau uas muaj 22% chromium, 3% molybdenum, thiab 5-6% npib tsib xee. Ntxiv rau lub zog siab thiab kev cuam tshuam zoo heev rau kev nruj, nws kuj muaj qhov siab tiv thaiv kev corrosion, thaj chaw hauv nroog thiab kev ntxhov siab. Corrosive cov khoom.

Lub microstructure ntawm asme sa 479 tus hlau unflex uns s32205 tiaj tus neeg txuas nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm Ferritic thiab Antenitic Phases. ASTM A479 Duplex Steel unslex steel unslosion zoo heev corrosion zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg muaj xws li kev lag luam thiab dej hiav txwv acids. Yuav Duplex Stainless Hlau Txuas ntawm peb ntawm cov nqi lag luam.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Npib tsib xee 200 socket weld flanges
Suav (Tsoos)
Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.
Ntev: Raws li qhov koj xav tau. "

Cov ntsiab lus txog tsib txhiab xyoo dua li Incoloy 800, muab nws txhim kho kev tiv thaiv tawm tsam chloride-ion muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion. Qhov ntxiv molybdenum thiab tooj liab muab kev tiv thaiv kom txo cov tshuaj lom neeg.
Loj od: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Cov versatility ntawm inconel 600 alloy tso cai rau nws siv tau ntau yam kev siv sim kub los ntawm cryogenic kub mus rau ntau dua 2000Ãf (10955,10¡Ãf (10955¡Ãf (10955¡Ãf (1095.

Cov fittings yog puab thiab tom qab ntawd rhuab mus rau lub siab kub raws li kev txias txias kom ze rau qhov txias txias hauv cov huab cua tseem. Qhov kev txias txias no ntxiv ntxiv rau lub zog ntawm lub stainless hlau 310 cov yeeb nkab fittings thiab ua rau lawv muaj zog ntau. Lub ss 310s haum siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam zoo li dej hiav txwv ua, thermal zog tiam cov nroj tsuag thiab cov piping ntau li. 310s ss Weld fittings siv nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm siab sib txawv los daws tau cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov ib yam nkaus.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

Chromium Molybdenum muaj lub zog zoo dua qub dua li cov neeg tsim qauv siv thinner phab ntsa tubing lossis me me uas hla kev los txo qhov hnyav tag nrho.

Carbon Steel Forgings, tsim tawm nyob rau Astm A105, feem ntau yog siv rau cov ntawv thov luam tawm. Cov no forged carbon steel piping Cheebtsam (suav nrog flanges, fittings, thiab li qub, thiab lwm yam kev pab cuam hauv cov tshuab siab. Lub A105N, uas tau xaiv nrog ib daim ntawv ntxiv ¡° no ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±, forging yuav tsum tau ua rau muaj kev mob siab. Yog tias cov kev zam txim tau siv rau cov ntawv thov piping ntawm asme bpvc lossis ASME B31, cov khoom yuav yog nws qhov sib npaug zoo ib yam ntawm Sa-105 lossis SA-105N. Hauv ntej, kev kho cua sov ntawm ib txwm paub qhov txawv ntawm A105N ntawm A105, lossis SA-105N los ntawm Sa-105. ASTM A105 Flange yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov flanges. Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb muaj peev xwm suav nrog cov qib sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv hlau stainless hlau ua flanges. Cov flanges yog ntawm forged carbon hlau thiab yog txhais rau cov kev pabcuam kub siab.

304 \ / 304L stainless hlau ntawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txias thaum lub sijhawm ua ntawv thov. Nws txoj kev ua kom txias ua tau yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntsuas seb tus tsim yog tus nqi du thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txias no ntawm 304 stainless hlau muaj ntau nyuaj. Raws li deb li nws cov hlau methicification muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov roj ntsha sib npaug, thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv tensile yog qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom txias zoo, qhov sib piv ntawm chromium sib npaug rau nickel sib npaug hauv cov hlau yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv ib qho tsim nyog.

ASTM B564 Monel 400 Blind FLANGES Aloy, Monel 400 Flanges Alloy uas muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ua haujlwm txias. Cov paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws corrosion tsis kam raws li txo cov xov xwm thiab seawater, monel 400 kuj tseem muaj oxidizing ib txwm muaj alloys loj. Kuj tseem hu ua alloy 400, monel 400 flanges tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov kub siab, caustic thiab ntsev daws cov ntawv thov.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Cov khoom lag luam zoo li 304 stainless hlau yeeb nkab hlau tau ntim kom paub tseeb tias muaj kev puas tsuaj thoob plaws. Tsuas yog muaj cov ntaub ntawv xa tawm, ntim tau sib tw tau tiav tiav hauv cov thawv ntoo lossis cov rooj plaub.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Super Duplex yeeb nkab Tuam Tshoj paub tias muaj kev xav zoo dua kev yaig, cais cov khoom siv thiab cov neeg kho tshuab ntau dua li lwm cov hlau.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

Duplex steel unsist s32203, cov xov hlau yog dav siv hauv tshuaj, roj thiab roj, chiv thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.

Lub zog ntau dua thiab corrosion tsis kam yuav tsum siv seamless stainless hlau thiab npib tsib roj av, petrochemical, tshuaj lom neeg, thiab pulp thiab cov ntawv lag luam.
Nilo \ / alloy k w.nr.: 1.3981
Forged flanges
Cov Hlau Hlau
Duplex Steel
Caw 36 Lub C93600
ASME B16.5 Cov Hlau Cais Cov Hlau BL Flanges
Stainless Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils
Stainless Hlau Flanges
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.62

Alloy Steel F9 flanges yog thinnner hauv qhov loj me rau lwm cov flanges. Yog li no, Astm A182 F9 dig muag flanges yuav zoo rau cov chaw ua haujlwm nruj.

Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Zeron 100 yog cov tiv taus heev rau corrosion nyob rau hauv ntau cov organic thiab inorganic acids. Cov ntsiab lus tooj liab muab cov kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau corrosion hauv ntau cov acids oxidising. Cov allolo no tseem muaj zog heev rau cov alkalis muaj zog.

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

Qeb 310S Stainless Hlau Taub Hlau Weld Yeeb Nkab Haum muaj cov pa roj hmab ntau, cov roj ntsha li cua sov, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob, tshuab ntxhua cua sov, offshore thiab lwm yam.

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

S31254 Stainless Hlau Flanges Alloy 254 Smo Stainless Hlau Flanges Qhov Ntau

AISI 304H yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov hlau uas nyuaj rau cov hlau ua haujlwm thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho machining tshuab, yog resistant rau nti tawg. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws machining cov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav nrog qeeb qeeb, cov khoom siv tau zoo, cov cuab yeej tsim tau ntse, thiab muaj zog, cov cuab yeej siv zog, nruj heev.

Stainless hlau 316Ti hex taub hau rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas tuaj yeem tiv taus ntau dua hom 304, thiab lawv cov pa roj carbon ntau dua li cov tshuaj nag. Txawm li cas los xij, zoo li ntau cov hlau uas tsis muaj hlau, stainless hlau 316Ti hex taub hau muaj peev xwm sov chlorine ib puag ncig thiab tuaj yeem tsim cov pits thiab tawg.

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj kev ntxhov siab so kom txaus cov nplej qoob loo ntawm N08811 hauv cov ntawv thov saum 150¡ÃF rau txog ib teev ntawm thickness lossis 30 feeb tsawg kawg ces cua txias.

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

ASTM B564 Monel 400 Blind FLANGES Aloy, Monel 400 Flanges Alloy uas muaj peev xwm tsuas yog ua haujlwm txias. Cov paub zoo tshaj plaws rau nws corrosion tsis kam raws li txo cov xov xwm thiab seawater, monel 400 kuj tseem muaj oxidizing ib txwm muaj alloys loj. Kuj tseem hu ua alloy 400, monel 400 flanges tseem siv nyob rau hauv cov kub siab, caustic thiab ntsev daws cov ntawv thov.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

304 Stainless hlau yog daim ntawv feem ntau ntawm cov hlau stainless hauv ntiaj teb vim nws zoo heev corrosion thiab tus nqi. Nws muaj 16% rau 24% chromium chromium thiab txog 35% npib tsib xee, ntxiv rau cov pa roj carbon thiab manganese.

A182 gr. F51 \ / S31803 cov khoom siv yog ib qho duplex stainless hlau, uas muaj kwv yees li 50% ferrite thiab 50% austenite.

Hastelloy C276 ntawv thiab phaj hauv hnav tiv taus cov hlau tsis xeb. Nws muab kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub heev; Nws lub zog tensile muaj zog muab kev ruaj khov siab.

Lub Austenitic tsim ntawm Alloy Steel F9 Weld Neck Flanges muaj cov durability, txawm nyob ntawm cryogenic temp. Cov ntawd yog cov zog siab tensile lub zog, tiv thaiv corrosive, yooj yim, ruaj, txij nkawm qis, zoo heev nto ua tiav.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..
Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

Txawm hais tias 310 yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau kev siv kub, nws yuav tsum tsis txhob kis rau cov kev poob siab heev ntawm cov kua dej uas pheej haus cov hnoos qeev uas tau muaj.

Yuav Stainless Hlau 254 SMO Welded Kav Thiab SMO 254 Square Pipes Stockist

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

316L stainless hlau yog ib qho Ultra-Tsawg Carbon version ntawm 316 stainless hlau uas pab kom tsis txhob carbide nag lossis los ntawm vuam. Qib 316 Stainless hlau muaj cov ntsiab lus chrompium qis¡ªªtpically ib ncig 16% ¡ªbut nce cov ntsiab lus tsib xee thiab ntxiv Molybdenum rau kev sib xyaw.

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.
Qhov no alloy tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam tshuaj rau nws lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam. Cov ntawv thov suav nrog tso cua sov, tseem, cov kab mob npuas, thiab condensers rau cov roj fatty acid; Evaporator Tubes, cov ntawv raj ntawm cov raj, thiab cov ntaub thaiv cov raj rau kev tsim cov sodium sulfide; thiab khoom siv rau kev ua cov kua qaub nyob hauv pulp ntau lawm.
Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.