Kev sib tw tus nqi ib nrab xov tsis yog N05500 Monel K500 Square taub hau kub

Inconel 625 sib txuas cov tshav kub ua kom tsis kam, corrosion tsis kam thiab lub zog. Inconel 625 siv rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig los ntawm cov kub tsawg rau 1800o f (1000o c). Antioxidant yog lub ntsiab nta. Zoo li Alloy C276, Inconel 625 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-molybdenum alloy. Ntxiv Niobium ua rau muaj cov khoom muaj zog. Cov ntawv thov cov cuab yeej marine ib puag ncig thiab cov khoom siv qias neeg.

Cov kav dej ntawm seamless configurations tau muaj peev xwm ntau dua cov muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog tshaj lwm qib.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Hastelloy C276 Fastener yog ib qho kev tiv thaiv corrosion resistant alloy uas tiv thaiv kev txhim kho ciam teb nag los nag los uas txo corrosion tsis kam. C276 Alloy Fasteners muaj zoo machinability thiab tau siv rau desulfurization ntawm flue roj siv thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg. Hastelloy C276 Bolts feem ntau siv los tuav cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov khoom ua ke, lossis rau cov khoom ua haujlwm. Lub nrawm nrawm uas feem ntau muaj lub taub hau ntawm ib kawg thiab ib chamfer rau lwm tus. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev kho cov tshuaj kho mob thiab tsau rau 1121¡Ãc (2050¡Ãf) thiab tom qab ntawd flash quenched.

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

Monel K500 Bolts thiab txiv ntoo yog siv nyob rau ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv qhov kub siab tiv taus, muaj kev kub siab thiab tsis tu ncua. Nws yog npib tsib xee-tooj ​​liab muaj pes tsawg nrog rau 63% npib tsib xee thiab 27% tooj liab, ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 254smo yog tsawg heev, uas txhais tau tias muaj kev phom sij heev ntawm carbide nag lossis daus los ntawm cua sov. Nws tuaj yeem dhau tus txheej txheem Strogranular Corrosion (Strauss kuaj ATMA262 xaj e tom qab ib teev ntawm cov rhiab ntawm 600-1000Ãc. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog cov neeg hlau siab hlau cov ntsiab lus.

Cov npe lag luam sib xws: Nickel Alloy 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES

Alloy 825 (tsis yog N08825) yog Austenic Nickel-Chromium Alloy nrog ntxiv ntawm Molybdenum, tooj thiab titanium. Nws tau tsim los muab cov kev tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau ntau qhov chaw muaj teeb meem, ob qho tib si oxidizing thiab txo.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Monel K500 Bolts thiab txiv ntoo yog siv nyob rau ntau yam kev lag luam vim lawv qhov kub siab tiv taus, muaj kev kub siab thiab tsis tu ncua. Nws yog npib tsib xee-tooj ​​liab muaj pes tsawg nrog rau 63% npib tsib xee thiab 27% tooj liab, ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus.

Featuring 304 Stainless Hlau Rau Heev Zoo Corrosion, Qhov kev pom zoo Weld Neck Flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub kaw lus weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.
Alloy 31 Fasteners Nqe Ib Daim Din 934 Hex Txiv Ntseej

Sa182 F5 flange flange tuaj yeem siv nyob rau hauv cov chaw ib puag ncig uas muaj ib qho tseem muaj cov corrosive sib txuas. Nws kuj tseem siv tau rau hauv cov ntawv thov uas tsis yog-corrosive nrog rau hauv cov khoom siv erosive nyob ntawm qhov kub ntawm -30 teev rau + 650oC. ASTM A182 Qib F5 flanges hauv cov xwm txheej uas muaj cim los ntawm cov roj carbon dioxide (CO2), H2s), thiab zoo li Chlorides (CL). Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm A182 F5 Steel Flows yog qhov kev ntsuas pom tseeb, tiv taus kev xeb, tsawg tus nqi, pitting thiab crevice tiv taus.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

ASTM A453 Qib 660 bolts yog alloys nrog cov ntsiab lus nickel siab. Qib stainless hlau Attm A453 Qib 6 Wash60 Qib D Washer muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion tau zoo heev tab sis kuj zoo heev tiv taus rau kev txhim kho corrosion tom qab vuam lossis ntxhov siab.

ME 3 \ / / / / /1 INTER YEEB NKAB BENER
Lub Caij Nplooj Hlav Washer "
Ib yam li corrosion tsis kam ntawm carbon hlau yuav raug txhim kho los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, nws yog qhov ua tau kom nce cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm A105 fittings nrog kev siv cov kev kho mob kub.
6 nti chav 300 almoy flange A182 F5

Lub stainless hlau 304 yeeb nkab khoov khoov rau cov astm A403 kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Lawv muaj peev xwm ntau nyob rau hauv cov nominal diaminal diameters xws li 1 \ / 8 ntiv taw rau 48 ntiv. Cov qauv rau cov dav no yog ASME B16.9 thiab B16.28.

Cov ntawv thov raug ntawm Inconel 800 suav nrog cov zaub mov thiab kev lag luam haus, ntxiv rau kev siv rau kev kho cua sov.

Stainless hlau uns s31600 bolts feem ntau siv hauv kev npaj khoom noj cov tshuab feem ntau hauv chloride atmostres. SS 316 Hex Bolts yog ib tus Austenic Nickel-chromium alloy muaj molybdenum. SS 316 Cov kav dej hnyav Hex Bolts yog cov hlau zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv cov av marine raws li nws tawm tsam pitting pitting zoo dua li lwm qib steel.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Chromium nce lub tensile, tawm thiab hardness ntawm cov hlau ntawm chav tsev kub. Qhov no yog vim li cas astm A335 chrome-molybdenum alloy Seamless Steel Kave yog qhov twg cov kua thiab roj av tau thauj khoom nyob rau hauv cov dej kub siab heev thiab ntsuas.

Hex txiv ntoo yog cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua lag luam thiab peb sawv ntawm peb cov lus thov 100%. Lawv muaj zog, corrosion-resistant, thiab tuaj yeem tiv taus tag nrho koj cov phiaj xwm.

Featuring 347 stainless hlau rau kev ua tau zoo corrosion corrosion corrosion corrosionance, qhov no tau pom zoo wolding caj dab flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

ASTM B446 tsis yog n06625 ci ci muaj lub zog zoo thiab tawv nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias xws li kub xws li 2000dÃf. Ntxiv nrog rau lub zog siab tensile lub zog, qhov no inconel 625 Ingot muaj qib siab ntawm cov muaj kev muaj formability thiab zoo dua weldability tshaj ntau yam cov neeg coob coob uas muaj ntau cov ntaub ntawv npib.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Hastelloy C22, tseem hu ua Alloy C22, yog ib lub hom phiaj dav dav uas tsis muaj npe npib tsib xee-molybdenum-tungsten alloy nrog kev ua kom zoo nkauj thiab kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg. Cov ntsiab lus Chromium muab cov oxidation zoo tsis kam, thaum molybdenum thiab tungsten cov ntsiab lus muab kev tiv thaiv zoo. Hastelloy C22 alloy kuj muaj qhov ua tau zoo rau oxidization aporine thiab nitric acid-muaj cov tshuaj sib tov los yog oxidizing cov kua qaub muaj chloride ions.

Nimonic 80 A (Alloy 80a) yog ib qho ntawm cov superalalloys tshaj plaws teev rau cov roj turbines. Nimonic 80a fasteners feem ntau tau teev vim tias lawv muaj peev xwm tiv taus ntau kub heev. Qhov no ua rau nimonic bolts thiab txiv ntoo zoo tagnrho rau kev siv nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau tshuab, los ntawm nimonic fasteners muaj rau theem siab ntawm siab thiab kub.

Alloy Steel F5 Flanges yog xwmfab-puab thiab yog instrumental hauv kev cuam tshuam cov kav dej ntawm nominal loj yam tsis muaj vuam thiab tsim nyog rau kev kub siab hydraulic ua haujlwm. ASTM A182 F5 LAP Cov kab sib koom tes mus los ntawm ntau lub npe, suav nrog rov qab flange, xoob hubbed flange, xoob nrov nrov flange thiab van pob zeb flange. ASTM A182 gr f5 Qhov muag tsis pom kev sib xyaw ua ke hauv petrochemical, yeeb nkab engineering, pej xeem kev pabcuam thiab dej ua haujlwm.
Carbon Steel Flanges
Kovar alloy 4J25
www.oepip.com
Luxembourgish
www.htsteelpipe.com
ASME B36.19M Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Caw 36 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb: tsis yog K93600, W.NR 1.3912
Hastelloy alloys phau ntawv qhia
Ua cov qauv ASME £ ºSejne B18.2.1
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Alloy Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Rauv Lub Taub Hau Bolt Tsis Ua N06625-Inconel 625 Ib Zaug Xov Xwm Nickel M38 Rauv Taws Kub Incon 625 Hloov Lub Taub Hau Ntsia M30 Dubround Taub Hau Liaj Ntsig M30

Inconel 625 tau tsim los ntawm 1960s los tsim cov khoom uas tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov kav dej. Qee qhov kev hloov kho tau ua rau nws thawj qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg los ua kom nws ntau quav tiv taus thiab weldable.

Inconel 718 2.4668 kub dov phaj thiab colled colled phaj

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv 304 yog chromium thiab npib tsib xee, uas muab nws zoo heev corrosion. Nws muaj zoo corrosion tsis kam, yog ducile thiab condile thiab condile, thiab muaj kev weldability zoo. Tus qauv Austenitic tso cai sib sib zog nqus duab yam tsis muaj nyiaj nruab nrab.

ASME B36.19M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav hlau stainless hlau, uas qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsim khoom rau cov kav dej thiab cov txiv ntseej.

Muaj ntau lub sijhawm sib txawv rau P91 Cov Khoom Siv Hlau Siv Hlau, sib raug rau cov chav kawm siab sib txawv. SA335 P91 seamonless yeeb nkab tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev kub siab thiab kub thiab tuaj yeem muab welded rau lwm cov kav dej thiab fittings.

Cov ntawv thov rau Alloy Steel A335 P5 EFW Tubing tuaj yeem pom hauv Petrochemical, Roj thiab roj av thiab lwm yam kev pabcuam kub siab thiab kub siab.

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Nickel 200 flanges
Carbon Steel txiv ntseej thiab cov qib kub tau muab faib ua peb pawg sib txawv raws li cov ntsiab lus carbon me me, nruab nrab thiab cov pa roj carbon ntau. Cov pob zeb hlau me me hlau bolts yog cov qeb feem ntau dav siv cov roj carbon pawg. Me steel xov rau pob tev alloys feem ntau muaj tsawg dua 0.25% cov pa roj carbon los ntawm qhov hnyav. Txij li qhov no hom carbon steel bolt tsis tau yog qhov nyuaj los ntawm kev kho cua sov los txhawb kev tsim ntawm martensite, lub alloy txias ua haujlwm.

UN tsis yog N06002 \ / Hastelloy X, Tsis Yog N106200 \ Tsis Yog N10276, tsis yog N10665, tsis yog N10675 \

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Monel K500 yog ib lub hnub nyoog uas muaj hnub nyoog uas muaj hnub nyoog-tawv-alloy uas sib xyaw ua ke ntawm alloy 400 nrog siab zog corrosion zog thiab yaig tsis kam.

Lub 304, 316 thiab 316L stainless hlau yog Austenitic, ib lo lus siv los faib cov qauv crystal ntawm cov hlau. Tus qauv ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cua sov thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev txiav txim siab ¨c ib txheej txheem txias uas kaw cov qauv qauv hauv qhov chaw. Austenitic formulations muaj zog dua martensitic lossis ferritic steels. Cov hlau Ferritic yog sib nqus, muaj cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon, thiab muaj kev tsis zoo corrosion tsis kam.

Carbon Steel Street Stottolder ntawm Cov Hlau Steel Attm A105 NPT Hex Plug

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.
Carbon Steel Flanges
Kovar alloy 4J25
www.oepip.com
Luxembourgish
www.htsteelpipe.com
ASME B36.19M Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab
Caw 36 Cov Lus Qhia Tshwj Xeeb: tsis yog K93600, W.NR 1.3912
Hastelloy alloys phau ntawv qhia
Ua cov qauv ASME £ ºSejne B18.2.1
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.27

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Cov pa roj carbon hlau LF3 puag ncig muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion tsis kam rau kev corrosion. Carbon Steel Lf3 xov paj tau muaj cov qauv ua kom zoo thiab qhov zoo tshaj plaws creep. Carbon Steel LF3 polishing rods muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws corrosion tsis kam rau oxidation corrosion.
Chrome Moly Alloy Flany Flanges Txuas kav dej, li qub, twj thiab lwm yam khoom siv, ua ib qho khoom siv piping.

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.