Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Invar 36 Tube OD: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-2mm
Hastelloy alloys phau ntawv qhia
Ntxiv-tuab hlau phaj hais txog ib lub phaj steel nrog lub thickness ntawm tsis tsawg tshaj li 50 hli. Cov hlau ntxiv-tuab yog siv nyob rau hauv lub nkoj nkoj, boilers, choj thiab high-siab vessel plhaub
Armor thiab cov nkoj siab siab zoo li lub plhaub, thiab lwm yam.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Monel K-500 sib txuas ua ke ntawm kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo tshaj plaws ntawm monel 400 nrog cov txiaj ntsig ntxiv ntawm siab dua lub zog thiab Hardness. Kev ua tau zoo tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv txhuas thiab titanium rau cov neeg muaj kuab lom thiab los ntawm kev tswj hwm ntawm cov neeg lom zem ntawm NI 3 (ti, al).

Ca thiab xauv cov chaw ntxhua khaub ncaws tuaj yeem txiav lossis tawm ntawm daim ntawv rau cov neeg siv khoom tshwj xeeb. Txij li 2205 sib xyaw ua ke lub zog, zoo heev corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion, Qhov no yuav yog txoj cai alloy rau koj cov phiaj xwm kev ceev, bolts, spacers thiab studs.

Hastelloy C22 Cov Fasteners yog ib qho kev nce qib General muaj cov txheej txheem chromium, npib tsib xee, molybdenum thiab tungsten alloys. Cov qauv kev tsim qauv no tau tsim los kom nce kev tawm tsam pitting, kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg (SSC) thiab cov pob txha crevice cracking. Alloy C-22 tau tiv thaiv zoo heev rau ntau yam tshuaj lom neeg ib puag ncig xws li Ferric thiab inorganic thiab acetic anhydride, thiab dej hiav txwv thiab brine tov. C-22 Alloy resistions Qhov tsim ntawm cov qoob loo ciam teb nag los nag lossis yog li tsim nyog rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg hauv kev siv tshuaj.

Inconel X750 yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy uas tau siv rau ob qho tib si wrought cov khoom thiab cov khoom siv. Inconel X750 muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo heev rau corrosion thiab oxidation nrog rau lub zog siab thiab kev ua kom zoo ntawm cov ntsuas kub.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

Cov khoom siv muaj cov pa roj carbon, manghologe, phosphorus, leej faj, silicon, 8% chromium thiab molybdenum hauv kev sib xyaw. SA 335 Qib P5 Alloy Steel Yeeb muaj lub zog zoo sib xws rau feem ntau tsis tshua muaj zog stainless hlau qib ntawm 205mpa thiab tsawg kawg tensile lub zog ntawm 415MPA.

HT 45 Degree Luj tshib 10 x90 12.70mm carbon steel seamless A234 WP9 1189458
Cov degree ntawm kev sib xws, cia ua cov yeeb yaj kiab nruj, yuav tsum tsis txhob tawg, scarring thiab lwm yam tsis xws luag. Cov txheej txheem tau muab faib ua cov ntawv kub dov steel thiab cov ntawv txias
ntawm qhov bar uas txhais tau nws thaj chaw thov

Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Cov phaj steel feem ntau siv rau cov txheej txheem qauv thiab kev tsim kho, cov hlab ntsha, cov nkoj siab, cov khoom siv uas muaj caj dab, thiab cov ntawv thov tub rog. Cov qib, cov ntsiab thiab cov tsis muaj ntawm cov phaj steel kuj tseem ceeb hauv nws siv li cas.

Style 18-8 Thiab Style 316 Stainless Hlau Bolts muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm peb cov lus nug. Hom 18-8 yog tus qauv qib, thaum 316 yog ib hom nyiaj uas tau hu ua marine qib steel. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov kev ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hnyav uas ua rau xeb lossis xeb.

Cov phiaj nruab nrab thiab hnyav kav hlau xa mus rau cov phaj hlau nrog lub thickness ntau dua 3 hli thiab tsawg dua 50 hli. Nruab nrab thiab tuab cov hlau hlau feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv nkoj shrbuilding, boilers, choj

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

254smo ua los ntawm kev muaj peev xwm ntawm Molybdenum, chromium thiab nitrogen muaj zoo tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion. Tooj liab hloov kho corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv qee cov kua qaub. Tsis tas li ntawd, 254smo muaj kev ntxhov siab zoo corrosion zog corrosion kev tawg vim nws cov ntsiab lus ntawm npib tsib xee, chromium thiab molybdenum.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

ASTM A403 W316 yog tus qauv molybdenum-bearing qib, thib ob hauv qhov tseem ceeb txog 304 nyob rau hauv kev ua kom tsis muaj cua sov. Lub Molybdenum muab 316 zoo dua thoob plaws lub zog tiv thaiv ntau dua qib 304, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntau dua rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv chloride ib puag ncig.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Nickel-based alloys yog cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev ua cov khoom lag luam zoo. Ib qho tseem ceeb yog vim li cas lawv zoo heev corrosion tsis kam rau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dej thiab cov kev siv kub.

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

Cov phiaj hlau hlau feem ntau yog cov hlau nplaum, txias lossis siv cov hlau txias lossis kub-dov stem stember nrog steel qib B0-B3. Yuav tsum muaj rau cov phaj nyias steel: du, du nto, tuab

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

Ib lub flange yog lub nplhaib ntawm cov hlau (forged, txiav los ntawm phaj, lossis koom nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov yeeb nkab, lossis los koom nrog cov hlab ntsha, lossis mus ua ke lossis lwm qhov chaw sib dhos. Flanges tau koom nrog txhua lwm yam los ntawm kev siv pas dej los ntawm vuam los yog xov (lossis xoob thaum cov quav xaus yog siv). Stainless hlau Flange Tau yooj yim raws li ss flange, nws yog hais txog cov flanges uas ua los ntawm stainless hlau. Cov qauv qauv ib txwm muaj thiab qib AN182% F304 \ / L thiab / L thiab / / /50.

Daim duab ntawm Hastelloy C276 Hlau Phaj
304 Stainless hlau tseem muaj kev nkag siab zoo heev rau cov neeg muaj kuab lom (raws li tau ntsib cov khoom siv hluav taws xob (uas yog cov duab uas muaj teeb meem. oxidation.

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Peb cov kws tshawb fawb yog tsim cov khoom lag luam zoo inconon 718 flanges hauv ntau yam qauv, ntau thiab tsawg, cov duab, qhov loj me thiab ntau dua. Nyob ntawm seb tus yuav cov kev xav tau, peb muab cov kev cai thiab tsis yog kev cai nrog cov kev cai hauv kev tswj hwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab pheej yig nqi.

ASTM A234 specification muaj ntau ntau qib, xws li WPB, WPC, WP5, WP9 WP11, WP9, WP91 thiab lwm yam. Muaj cov qib siab ATM A234 WPB cov yeeb nkab fittings hauv 1 \ / 2 nti mus rau 24 ntiv taw lub ntsej muag uas sib txawv nrog cov caij nyoog.

ASTM A479 Duplex Steel unslex steel unslass muaj zoo weldabils xws li shield hlau vuam, ntshav arc vuam thiab submerged arc vuam. Yuav Duplex Stainless Hlau Ceev los ntawm peb ntawm cov qauv lag luam.

Vim tias cov hlau tiaj tus wahsers tseem muaj ntau cov pa roj carbon hauv lawv uas cov pa yuav nyiam sib khi nrog. Chromium hauv cov roj carbon steel xauv kuj tseem ua rau ferromagnetism tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau, uas tsis yog hauv qee cov ntawv thov, thiab Nickel tseem pab nrog qhov no.
ASTM A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P120
Carbon Hlau Flange
Cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Hlau tuav & RDS
Stainless Hlau Untrial S32109 SW RTJ Flange
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Beveled kawg, ntshiab kawg "
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Lub stainless hlau dej khoom siv flange muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntawm stainless hlau cov ntaub ntawv, uas tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ncaj ncees ntawm tus tsim.
Stainless Hlau Flanges
Carbon Hlau Flange
Cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Hlau tuav & RDS
Stainless Hlau Untrial S32109 SW RTJ Flange
Stainless Hlau Al-6xN Tube Asme Sb 676 Tsis Ua N08367 Tubing
Beveled kawg, ntshiab kawg "
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils
Hastelloy cov yeeb nkab raj b2 b3 x c22000 c276 sms welded steel yeeb nkab
Stainless Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Cov kav dej no muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, qib thiab ntau thiab tsawg. Nrog rau xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom lag luam incoloy 800 kav dej, nws muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo, nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Incoloy 800 \ / 800H \ / 800Ht piping yog corrosion tiv taus thiab kuj tiv taus cov chaw hauv qab. Nruab nrab lub zog thiab ua tau zoo heev oxidation tiv thaiv nyob rau ntawm qhov kub.

A105 yog Asmeskas Astm tus qauv lej, ± ± Ã ± က steelກ steels raws li / mss tus qauv tshuaj ntsuab.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

ASTM B619 WELDED cov yeeb nkab rau cov chaw lag luam kws tshuaj tau zoo corrosting tau zoo corrosion tsis kam, tshwj xeeb yog cov dej siab purity. Thiab lawv kuj pom zoo tsis kam rau corrosion los ntawm cov kev daws tsis tau npaj siv los npaj cov kws tshuaj yog tias Astm B6176 tsis yog nthuav tawm cov khoom siv ntxuav tu.

Alloy C-276 tseem tau txhais tias Alloy C276, Inconel C 276 lossis Hastelloy C 27 lossis Hastelloy C, uas yog superalalloy nrog kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm molybdenum, npib tsib xee thiab chromium. Tungsten ntxiv, uas yog tsim los muab cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig hnyav.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

ASME B16.48 Hastelloy Alloy C2000 Tiaj Tus Flanges Stockoles Alloy C2000 Lap Sib Tw Pleev

Cov phiaj tuab hlau xa mus rau cov phaj hlau nrog lub thickness ntau dua millimeters. Tuab steel phaj tau muab faib ua cov phaj tuab ntxiv thiab nruab nrab-tuab hlau phaj.

Lawv tsis yog qhov tsis yooj yim vim tias lawv tau tsim los ua kom cov neeg mob siab. ASTM A515 Qib 70 Boiler Hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum muaj los tsim cov rwj. Qee qhov ntawm cov khoom uas cov khoom muaj yog tiv taus corrosion, crevice corrosion thiab pitting corrosion. Ntxiv rau qhov no, muaj ntau yam lwm yam hauv cov alloy. Qee qhov ntawm lwm lub zog tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau cov ntawv yog qhov kev sib zog ua tau zoo, lub zog ruaj khov, ruaj khov thaum muaj qhov kub thiab muaj zog.

Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv flue roj desulfurization tshuab vim hais tias ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov neeg sulphur thiab chloride ions enclounted hauv feem ntau cov tu menyuam.

Peb Aluminoy Hlau A234 WP9 Yeeb Nkab Luj Tshib Muaj nyob rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov phab ntsa WP9
ASTM A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P120
Carbon Hlau Flange
Cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Hlau tuav & RDS
Stainless Hlau Untrial S32109 SW RTJ Flange
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Beveled kawg, ntshiab kawg "
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
ASTM A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P120
Carbon Hlau Flange
Cov neeg siv khoom tshuaj xyuas
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Hlau tuav & RDS
Stainless Hlau Untrial S32109 SW RTJ Flange
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy C2000 Seamless Yeeb Nkab
Beveled kawg, ntshiab kawg "
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Cov phiaj hlau nyias nyias yog cov phiaj hlau nrog cov phiaj tuab ntawm 0.2-4m

ASME SB564 Alloy 601 Socket Weld Flanges NConel 601 yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy siv rau kev siv rau corrosion thiab tshav kub. Qhov no Nickel alloy sawv tawm vim yog nws cov kev tiv thaiv kub, seem ntawm F. Alloy 60/ dhau los tiv thaiv oxidation oxidation oxide nplai uas tiv taus spalling txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm hnyav thermal cycling.

Nickel 800h txo lub taub hau welded cov yeeb nkab fittings, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

phaj. Mas siv nyob rau hauv Changlin Dongfeng cov kiv cua, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv ua liaj ua teb, rooj tog, cov tog steel, thiab lwm yam.

Nyias steel phaj hais txog ib lub phaj steel nrog ib tuab ntawm tsis ntau dua 3 hli. Cov feem ntau siv nyias hlau phaj tuab yog 0.5-2mm, uas tau muab faib ua ntawv thiab steeilation. Nyias