316 400mm INCH THAWB Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

Stainless hlau hloov leeg, xa mus rau interchappeases li stainless hlau kav, yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev lag luam thiab chaw nyob. Seb nws puas yog qhov ua rau engineering, kav haum lossis tsim kev tsim khoom, lossis tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua me me los ntawm ib tug hobbanist, tainless cov hlua hlau nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg.

304 Stainless hlau yog lub cim ntawm ntau cov feem ntau siv lossis tau ua cov qauv stainless hlau. 304, 30L, 304 tau yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm 300 koob txheej txheem (raws li tau piav qhia hauv SAE yuav tsum tau ua) ua ntau yam ntawm Austenitic chromium-nickel alloys. Lawv tseem hu ua 18 \ / 8 stainless hlau vim tias lawv cov khoom lag luam theem siab suav nrog kwv yees li 18% chromium thiab 8% npib tsib xee los ntawm qhov hnyav.

Qib 316L stainless hlau tubing tau raug tsim tshwj xeeb tsim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm kev siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem uas cov txheej txheem vuam uas yuav tau ua rau ntawm cov hlab yog txiav txim siab yog ib qho haujlwm. Li no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj carbon tau raug txo nyob rau hauv stainless hlau 316l ci annealed raj, uas yog qhia los ntawm tsab ntawv l tom qab qib kawm. Kev txo cov ntsiab lus roj carbon nyob hauv seamless stainless hlau tubing 316L kuj ua rau nws muaj cov muaj zog hauv kev sib piv rau qib kawm tau ib txwm 316 Alloy. Txhawm rau nqa cov khoom siv me me ntawm 316L stainless hlau raj seamless ntawm par nrog qib 316, lub alloy muaj ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm nitrogen.

Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion uas ua rau 316 steel hlau cim los ntawm molybdenum hauv nws cov lus. Cov khoom no ua 316 thawj qhov kev xaiv rau qee cov kev siv cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb uas yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau lub cev tsis zoo. Cov ntawv thov muaj xws li cov phiaj xwm kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam kev lag luam qhov twg hlau yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov khoom muaj kev nyuaj siab corrosive.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Lub 304 kav dej yog kim vim lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam. Lub ASTM A312 Seamless Yeeb tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kom zoo rau sab dav thiab txoj kab uas hla./ / type

Cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog siv rau cov kev siv txheem thiab cov ntawv xa khoom uas xav tau cov khoom uas stainless hlau muab cov zog tsis kam. Cov yeeb nkab muaj nyob rau hauv ntau thiab tsawg 1 \ / 2 "los ntawm 36" hauv sab nraud ntawm lub taub thiab cov sij hawm 05s los ntawm 80s thiab loj dua rau phab ntsa tuab. Nws muaj raws li welded thiab seamless. Stainless yeeb muaj npub grey, zeb tiav.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Tsis yog 316 lossis 316L yog cov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj. 304 thiab 304l yog zoo sib xws tab sis tsis tshua kim. Tsis yog qhov ntev li 317 thiab 317l, lawv muaj ntau dua molybdenum cov ntsiab lus thiab zoo dua tag nrho cov corrosion tsis kam.

Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhaws cov vuam ntawm carbide nag lossis 304 \ / 304l steel kav hlau yuav raug weldless kav hlau. Los ntawm txhais tes arc vuam, seem nyias muaj 304 stainless hlau nrog 0.04% carbon 002 electrode, uas yuav tsis ua rau muaj kev txhim kho corrosion tom qab vuam. Rau cov ntu tuab rulers, khaws cov tsis kam tom qab intergranular corrosion tsis kam. , yuav tsum tau hloov mus rau 304L stainless hlau los yog stidilized ustenitic stainless hlau.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.

Lub 304 kav dej yog kim vim lawv cov txheej txheem tsim khoom lag luam. Lub ASTM A312 SEAMULLE cov yeeb nkab tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kom zoo rau sab dav thiab lub taub.

Peb npaj cov khoom lag luam dav ntawm cov qauv zoo thiab qib tshwj xeeb ntawm seamless stainless hlau raj thiab welded stainless hlau tubing.

Nws yog dov rau hauv sawb hlau tom qab kev kho mob. Feem ntau, cov tawv tawv tawv ntoo yog unpped, pluav, crimed, thiab welded los ua ib lub raj hloov mus rau hauv lub tsho square thiab tom qab ntawd txiav rau qhov yuav tsum tau ntev. Feem ntau 50 daim ib pob.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Stainless hlau yog ib qho alloy ntawm cov hlau uas tiv taus xeb. Nws muaj tsawg kawg yog 11% chromium thiab tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon, lwm yam tsis yog lwm yam kom tau lwm yam uas xav tau. Stainless hlau qhov tsis kam rau corrosion tau los ntawm cov chromium, uas ua cov yeeb yaj kiab passive uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab kho tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen.

Cov oxidation corrosion ua hauj lwm thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov kua tshuaj acid thiab 254smo muab piv rau feem ntau ntawm nitinol lub hauv paus alloys.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Ob lub 316 thiab 316L stainless hlau ib coloys yog marine steels, tab sis lawv muaj qee qhov sib txawv. Qhov muaj pes tsawg ntawm 316L muaj cov feem tsawg ntawm cov pa roj carbon. Txhawm rau kom tau raws li cov cai ntawm 316L stainless hlau, cov pa roj carbon tsis dhau 0.03%. Qhov no txo ​​txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov roj carbon daus, ua rau nws xaiv tau zoo dua rau kev ua kom ntseeg tau ntau rau corrosion siab tshaj plaws.
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Daim duab ntawm 316L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsim qhov chaw
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

SA312 TURP304 YEEB MEEM yog pov thawj los ua ib qho khoom siv ntau heev uas tuaj yeem siv ntau yam ntawm kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Alloy Qib 304 stainless hlau 304 yeeb nkab yog nrov vim tias nws zoo corrosion tsis kam nyob rau ntau yam ntawm cov xov xwm.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Duplex Steel Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Lub siab ntawm cov chromium thiab npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv 304 thiab 316 stainless hlau ua rau lawv muaj kev tiv thaiv kub, hnav thiab corrosion. Tsis yog lawv paub rau lawv corrosion tsis kam, tab sis lawv tseem paub txog lawv cov ntsej muag huv thiab kev nyiam huv tag nrho.

Hom Stainless Hlau Hom 304 lossis 304L tseem hu ua 18 + \ / 8 stainless hlau vim tias lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj kwv yees li 18% chromium thiab 8% npib tsib xee los ntawm qhov hnyav. Lawv tau dav siv hauv cov zaub mov thiab dej haus ua kev lag luam vim tias lawv yooj yim ntawm kev tsim thiab vuam thiab lawv muaj zog corrosion tsis kam. Hom 304 thiab 304L muaj cov tshuaj thiab cov khoom siv neeg siv neeg. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog ntawm lawv yog cov ntsiab lus carbon; 304 Stainless hlau muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj ntawm 0.08%, thaum 304l muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus carbon ntau tshaj plaws ntawm 0.03%.
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Daim duab ntawm 316L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsim qhov chaw
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

Lub siab molybdenum cov ntsiab lus ntawm 254smo stainless hlau ua kom nws muaj cov oxidation ntau dua thaum anneered, ua rau muaj kev sib tw sib txawv tom qab siv cov hlau qub. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis muaj cov phom sij ntawm txoj kev xeb tawm tsam ntawm cov hlau.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

304 \ / 304L tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nyuaj los ntawm kev kho cua sov. Txias ua haujlwm nce tensile zog thiab hardness. Annealing khwv tau ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 1850¡Ã thiab 2050¡Ãf. Txias sai. Dej yuav tsum tau siv rau qhov hnyav; huab cua rau ob tog. Cov kev ntxhov siab kev ntxhov siab yog li 400¡Ã thiab 750¡Ãf.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Cov kav hlau steel tuaj yeem ua kom tawg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm nws daim ntawv thov. Cov Kev Siv Cov Kav Hlau Hlau yog nyob rau thaj chaw ntawm cov kav dej, kev lag luam raj, cov kab ua liaj ua teb, cov lag luam raj, siv tsheb thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Qhov loj me "Od: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

Hom 316 stainless hlau yog ib tug neeg siv hluav taws xob chromium-npib tsib xee hluav taws xob tsis kam piv rau cov tshuaj yej uas muaj cua daj cua dub xws li seawater, brine daws teeb meem, thiab lwm yam.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
310 30s 24 "Inch Stainless Hlau Yeeb

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Stainless hlau Tube Nyias Phab Ntsa Seamless 70mm

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Alloy Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Thaum cov kev siv yog nyob rau hauv cov thooj voos kheej kheej, bearings lossis lwm yam hollow tsim qhov chaw, muaj kev siv rau cov tshuab ua haujlwm kho txhua lub zog. Cov tubing uas muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim thiab nws ua tau nyob rau hauv ntau cov duab sib txawv, lossis txawm tias cov duab uas yuav tsum tau haum rau hauv qhov chaw hla. Nws pom muaj kev siv thoob plaws thaum muaj tubing txhua yam tubing.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Lwm tus yam ntxwv ntawm 304 stainless kav hlau yog tias cov hlau muaj lub zog tensile zoo heev raws li kev nruj, uas tuaj yeem pom txawm tias cov kav dej tau raug rau cov kav dej cryogenic ib puag ncig.
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Daim duab ntawm 316L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsim qhov chaw
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

Stainless hlau 304 yeeb nkab yog xim hlau hlau ua los ntawm Austenitic Stainless hlau uas muaj 18% chromium thiab 8% npib tsib xee nyob rau hauv cov pes tsawg. Cov. Cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav dej ntau li A312 thiab A358 nyob rau hauv AstM specifications. Qhov ntev ntau raws li cov ATTM, ASME thiab API cov qauv. Muaj muaj Welded thiab SS 304 yeeb nkab raws li hluav taws xob fusion vipes
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Daim duab ntawm 316L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsim qhov chaw
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

Qhov loj heev ntawm kev xeb ib puag ncig yuav xav tau cov annealing tom qab vuam lossis siv 304l. Hom 304L muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.03% lossis tsawg dua. Cov alloy no tuaj yeem siv rau hauv lub xeev welded yam tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev txhim kho corrosion.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.35

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Tsis muaj tseeb tsis muaj NO8904, feem ntau hu ua 904L, yog cov roj carbon ntau alloy Ausenitic Stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv Aisi 316L thiab AISI 317L tsis txaus.
ASTM A249 347 Seanless Tube
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
Daim duab ntawm 316L stainless hlau yeeb nkab tsim qhov chaw
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65

Txij li 254s mo stainless hlau yeeb nkab yog lub siab alloy cov khoom siv yog cov txheej txheem tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj heev. Feem ntau hais lus, tib neeg tsuas yog cia siab rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj ua qhov tshwj xeeb stainless hlau yeeb nkab, xws li seamless, Casting, dov, Rolling, thiab lwm yam.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.32

Cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm 254smo yog tsawg heev, uas txhais tau tias muaj kev phom sij heev ntawm carbide nag lossis daus los ntawm cua sov. Nws tuaj yeem dhau tus txheej txheem Strogranular Corrosion (Strauss kuaj ATMA262 xaj e tom qab ib teev ntawm cov rhiab ntawm 600-1000Ãc. Txawm li cas los xij, vim yog cov neeg hlau siab hlau cov ntsiab lus.

Stainless hlau 316 Yeeb yog ib qho tshuaj ntsuab stainless hlau qib yeeb nkab cov yeeb nkab uas muaj kev tsis zoo rau chloside ion corrosion kev ntxhov siab tawg. Vim li no, cov yeeb nkab siv rau hauv cov khoom siv marine thiab dej hiav txwv dej hiav txwv uas yooj yim.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

316 feem ntau yog suav tias yog tus txheej txheem tubrog nkoj stainless hlau, tab sis nws tsis tiv taus dej hiav txwv sov. Nyob rau hauv ntau cov tub rog marine 316 ua cov npoo xeb, feem ntau pom tias yog xim av staining. Qhov no tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cuam tshuam nrog cov crevices thiab ntxhib saum npoo tiav.
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Luxembourgish
Alloy Steel
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
316L stainless ba seamless raj
nyias-phab ntsa 304 \ / 304L stainless hlau unthreaded yeeb nkab
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.65
Tsim cov txheej txheem kub dov rolling \ / kub ua hauj lwm, dov
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.22