Cov Hlau Hlau

Super Duplex cov kav hlau thiab cov raj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntev, duab zoo li xwmfab, duab plaub, thiab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Peb tab tom muab cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb cov khoom yog muab cov khoom siv corrosion zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo kawg li qhov tseeb.

Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

Alloy 800 yog npib npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog siab zog thiab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation thiab corrosion ntawm qhov kub. ASTM B407 UNICS NC08800 INCOLOY 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Welded yeeb nkab yog dav siv rau kev tsim kho cov khoom siv uas yuav tsum tau ua rau corrosion tsis kam, lub zog, thiab ruaj khov rau kev pabcuam txog 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Stainless hlau yog ib qho alloy ntawm cov hlau uas tiv taus xeb. Nws muaj tsawg kawg yog 11% chromium thiab tej zaum yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus xws li carbon, lwm yam tsis yog lwm yam kom tau lwm yam uas xav tau. Stainless hlau qhov tsis kam rau corrosion tau los ntawm cov chromium, uas ua cov yeeb yaj kiab passive uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov khoom thiab kho tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm oxygen.

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Kev daws teeb meem siab, kev kho mob ntawm 2000 yog \ / 2205of (М95 \

Beveled kawg, ntshiab kawg "
Nickel 200 Slip ntawm Flanges tus Nickel 200 Flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj qhov ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Ib yam li corrosion tsis kam ntawm carbon hlau yuav raug txhim kho los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntxiv, nws yog qhov ua tau kom nce cov neeg kho tshuab ntawm A105 fittings nrog kev siv cov kev kho mob kub.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

SS 316 Seamless Yeeb Nkab thiab ASTM A312 Welded Yeeb Nkab Khoom Siv Hauv Suav
Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).
AISI 304 \ / 304L Stainless Hlau Seamless Yeeb Nkab

Rau cov muaj mob hnyav, qis dua hom 304L yog qhov zoo dua vim nws tau txais kev tiv taus ntau dua hauv kev txhim kho corrosion.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

SMO 254 Flanges zwm rau ASTM A182 cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb nrog ntau tshaj li ntawm 1 \ / 2 ntiv tes rau 48 ntiv. Muaj cov qauv sib txawv los kav qhov ntev xws li ASME, Ansi, Din thiab lwm tus qauv thoob ntiaj teb.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
Thickness: Sch5 ~ Schxxs
Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.
Monel 400 YEEB RAU COV FRESE rau EYEARLASSES

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Hauv cov roj & roj kev lag luam, kev sib hauj lwm ntawm tubing, seamless tubing yog siv feem ntau rau cov kab tswj, tshuaj txhaj tshuaj, thiab sub-hiav txwv kev nyab xeeb. Cov txheej txheem tshuaj thiab cov cuab yeej kev lag luam tseem muaj cov ntawv siv nrov rau Seamless Tubing suav nrog: Chav & Tshav Kub Kub & Kev Ntsuas thiab kua dej.

C22 tau ua tau zoo heev rau oxidation, carburization, thiab sulfization ntawm ntug dej kub. Txawm li cas los xij, C22 yuav tsum tsis txhob siv nyob rau ntawm qhov kub siab tshaj 12,¡Ãf vim muaj kev tsim ntawm Phases uas siv tau theem.
ASTM B407 UNRICS N08800 INCOLOY 800 Welded Yeeb Nkab

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

Featuring 304 Stainless Hlau Rau Heev Zoo Corrosion, Qhov kev pom zoo Weld Neck Flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub kaw lus weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.

316 Stainless hlau tsis kam rau corrosion thiab kev sib kis, kev sib txawv, thiab ib qho khoom siv uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog thiab corrosion tsis kam ntawm cov hlau. Ib qho ntxiv, stainless hlau tuaj yeem dov rau hauv ntawv, phaj, bar, xaim thiab raj. Cov no tuaj yeem siv ua cookware, tableware, cov cuab yeej tsim kho, cov khoom siv cov khoom siv loj, thiab kev tso tsheb nres, thiab tso dej rau cov khoom noj.

Super Duplex Stainless rau E.g. Alloy Uns S32750, muaj kev sib xyaw micreentructure ntawm ob qho tib si Austenite raws li ferrite nyob rau hauv ib tug sib npaug lossis 50 \ / 50 piv.

La tuberia 254 Smo Se usa Amplamiento de Aguaa tsib ti, procesamiento de alimentos y prodetos y prodcion de petroleo. Tubo smo 14
Muaj kiag li tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm intercrystalline corrosion rau txias lossis vuam nyob rau hauv Alloy steel full wringning yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev ua si yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam uas nws tau txhuam tawm yog ib qho yooj yim.
Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Super Duplex 2507 yog tsim los tswj cov mob corrosive heev thiab qhov twg yuav tsum muaj zog. Lub siab Molybdenum, chromium thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv super duplex 2507 pab cov khoom siv nrog kev ua haujlwm nrog kev sib cav.

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Nws yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv xws li lub tsheb headers, Machinery qhov chaw, screws thiab kuj muab cov khoom siv muab khoom noj. Kub \ / Khaub Ncaws Yog \ / Seamless \ / Welded \ / Induction

A515 Qeb 70 Carbon Steel tuaj yeem ua rau nkag rau hauv cov hlab ntsha siab rau nruab nrab ntawm kev pab kub siab. Nws lub tshuab luam ntawv yog qhov zoo, zoo sib xws rau cov carbon steel.

Lub corrosion resistance kev ua yeeb yam ntawm 304 ss yeeb nkab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb rau stainless raj. Cov cuab yeej siv ntau zaus ntawm cov hlau koom nrog Ferritic thiab Martensitic Steel, uas yog feem ntau ua los ntawm kev ntxiv chromium thiab tsim los ntawm kev kho cua sov lossis ua kom sov.

La tuberia 254 Smo Se usa Amplamiento de Aguaa tsib ti, procesamiento de alimentos y prodetos y prodcion de petroleo. Tubo smo 14
Muaj kiag li tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm intercrystalline corrosion rau txias lossis vuam nyob rau hauv Alloy steel full wringning yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev ua si yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam uas nws tau txhuam tawm yog ib qho yooj yim.
Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

Cov kav dej ntawm seamless configurations tau muaj peev xwm ntau dua cov muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog tshaj lwm qib.

A182 gr. F51 \ / S31803 cov khoom siv yog ib qho duplex stainless hlau, uas muaj kwv yees li 50% ferrite thiab 50% austenite.

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.

Ob qho tib si Asme B16.5 thiab ASME B16.47 tau pom zoo cov yeeb nkab flanges ua los ntawm ib qho ntawm ob lub stuplex ntau.

Super Duplex cov kav hlau thiab cov raj muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov ntev, duab zoo li xwmfab, duab plaub, thiab ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg. Peb tab tom muab cov qauv zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam ntawm peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb cov khoom yog muab cov khoom siv corrosion zoo tshaj plaws thiab zoo kawg li sab yog qhov tseeb./ toxypepe

La tuberia 254 Smo Se usa Amplamiento de Aguaa tsib ti, procesamiento de alimentos y prodetos y prodcion de petroleo. Tubo smo 14
Muaj kiag li tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm intercrystalline corrosion rau txias lossis vuam nyob rau hauv Alloy steel full wringning yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam kev ua si yog tsim nyog rau ntau yam uas nws tau txhuam tawm yog ib qho yooj yim.
Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Nws muaj tsawg los yog tsis muaj kev tawm tsam tshwm sim hauv chav thiab nce qhov kub thiab kub hauv cov pa roj av qhuav, xws li chlorine lossis hydrogen chloride. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog 550c hauv cov xov xwm, cov alloy tau pom tias yog ib qho ntawm cov feem ntau tiv thaiv ntawm cov alloys nquag.

Hastelloy C-22 (tsis yog N06022) Yeeb Nkab khoov thiab fittings hauv Tshuag, tso cai rau kev tig rov qab sai. Hastelloy C-22 tau tiv thaiv zoo heev rau kev tawm tsam oxidizing aqueous xws li cov tshuaj chlorine ntub nrog cov tshuaj txhuam ntub thiab cov kua qaub lossis oxidizing acids nrog chlorine ions.
Alloy Steel Fasteners
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Luxembourgish
Lub raj seamless
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Invar 36 Tube OD: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-2mm
Stainless Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils
Ss 347 qhov socket weld flanges
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.28
S31254 Stainless Hlau Flanges A182 F44 S31254 Threaded Flanges
Duplex Steel Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Cov flanges yog tsim los ntawm cov tswv yim sib txawv raws li cov ASTM B564 Hastelloy b2 xov flanges, foob flanges, feded flanges thiab phaj flanges. Cov xov threaded yog siv nrog cov kav dej xov thiab cov poj niam xov xov txuas rau tus txiv neej xov paj xaus.
Carbon Steel Bars & Rods
Pom lsaw erw EFW
Luxembourgish
Lub raj seamless
Steel yeeb nkab fittings
Invar 36 Tube OD: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-2mm
HT ASTM A403 WPS31254-s 2 SCH10S ASME B16.9 THAUM TSHUAJ TUB NO.61139
Ss 347 qhov socket weld flanges
Tsim cov qauv ASME B36.10 ASME B36.28

Inconel 600 Hex Ceev ua ke nrog nws cov ntawv Chromium 2.4816 noob txiv ntoo

Alloy 600 \ / Inconel 600 yog kev sib xyaw ntawm Nickel chromium thiab hlau uas muab cov khoom txheem rau kev lag luam tshuaj thiab aero cav thiab airframe cov haujlwm. Tswj Tshuaj Muaj Zog Siv yog txwv rau kev siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam nuclear kom tshem tawm qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov dej tawg hauv cov dej siab muaj cov tshuaj chloride ntau.
Txoj haujlwm ntawm stainless hlau flange yog qhov tseeb tau txuas cov yeeb nkab kawg nrog cov yeeb nkab kawg. Muaj cov cuab yeej siv flange ntawm ntug flange, thiab cov hlau steel hlau ua rau ob lub plees ua kom nruj. Thaum sib txuas, gaskets, ptfe gaskets, cov gaskets, silicon gaskets, thiab lwm yam ntawm flanges rau kev sib khi.

Yuav Stainless Hlau 254 SMO Welded Kav Thiab SMO 254 Square Pipes Stockist

Featuring 347 stainless hlau rau kev ua tau zoo corrosion corrosion corrosion corrosionance, qhov no tau pom zoo wolding caj dab flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Carbon Steel Street Stottolder ntawm Cov Hlau Steel Attm A105 NPT Hex Plug

ASTM A350 LF1, LF2 CL1 \ / cl2 flanges yog tsim los ntawm kev ua ke ntawm cov pa roj carbon, silicon, npib nyiaj uas siv los ntxiv dag zog rau cov flange.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

B564 601 Spade Flange Inconel 601 yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab cua sov. Qhov no Nickel alloy sawv tawm vim yog nws cov kev tiv thaiv kub, seem ntawm F. Alloy 60/ dhau los tiv thaiv oxidation oxidation oxide nplai uas tiv taus spalling txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm hnyav thermal cycling.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Kev lag luam lossis rau cov teeb meem ntawd kev lag luam uas nyob ntawm kev siv rau Machineries.