Carbon Steel Bars & Rods

Nickel alloys yog qee cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau kev tsim cov lag luam uas zoo tshaj thiab cov leeg rau kev siv cov ntawv thov kev lag luam. Lawv txoj kev thov ua kom lawv muaj peev xwm siv tau ntau yam kev siv. Nickel alloys yog qhov tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv taus thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv qhov chaw kub.

Forged Semi tiav Flanges A182 F5 Allloy Wn Flanges A-1182 Gr F5 Qhov Muag Tsis Pom Flanges

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Incoloy 825 yog ib lub npib tsib xee ua ib qho zoo ib yam li alloy 20 hauv dej corrosion. Nws tau muaj txiaj ntsig rau boiling sulfuric acid li 40% lub zog, 60% lub zog ntawm 176¡ÃF, thiab 150¡ÃF txhua qhov ntau.
Alloy Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Stainless Hlau Flanges
Qeb 310S Stainless Hlau Taub Hlau Weld Yeeb Nkab Haum muaj cov pa roj hmab ntau, cov roj ntsha li cua sov, cov tshuaj tua hluav taws xob, tshuab ntxhua cua sov, offshore thiab lwm yam.

Hom 316 yog ntau tiv taus rau cov sulfuric acid daws teeb meem tshaj lwm yam chromium-tsib xee. Hom 316 tiv taus cov kua qaub ntev txog 5% ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog 120¡ÃF (49¡ÃF). Cov hom no tau tiv thaiv zoo heev rau cov kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm qhov kub hauv qab 100¡u F (38¡Ã C).

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Yog li ntawd, cov AVTM A312 TP 304 Seamless Yeeb Nkab yog qhov kev xaiv nrov thoob plaws ntau yam xws li cov chaw nres tsheb fais fab xws li cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob nrog rau cov roj av ntxiv.

Hauv cov chaw me me lossis kev xeb ib puag ncig, 904L stainless hlau bolts yog tiv taus rau cov neeg sawv cev muaj kev txo qis. Ntxiv cov nta ntawm 904L stainless hlau bolts suav nrog kev nruj dhau los, cov khoom sib nqus, muaj peev xwm thiab weldability. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Stainless Hlau DIN 1.4539 Bolt yog qhov tsis ruaj khov Auste alloy nrog cov pa roj carbon qis, uas yog resistant rau scc thiab crevice corrosion. Kev tsim kho kev tsim kho kuj muaj cov kav hlau tsis muaj roj tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj qhov tsis muaj zog heev, txawm tias qis qis dua.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

316L S31603 1.440 1.4436 Stainless Hlau Weld Fittings Stub Kawg
Hastelloy C276 tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau cov nplej muaj ciam ciam teb nag los nag thiab yog li tsim nyog rau kev siv tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj.
Stainless Hlau Kav Hauv 316 2 Nti

Lub 316 cov raj kav hlau tsis muaj roj Lub raj muaj peev xwm tawm tsam thiab kua muag, thiab lawv muaj lub zog siab thiab ua kom zoo dua rau kev xeb, thaum piv rau 304 ss tub

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

ASTM B564 601 Long Wn Flange NConel 601 yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab cua sov. Qhov no Nickel alloy sawv tawm vim yog nws cov kev tiv thaiv kub, seem ntawm F. Alloy 60/ dhau los tiv thaiv oxidation oxidation oxide nplai uas tiv taus spalling txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm hnyav thermal cycling.

Cov ntawv thov raug rau cov khoom lag luam muaj xws li: Khoom noj khoom noj, kuaj cov tshuaj sib txuas, cov ntxaij ntim, cov ntxaij vab tshaus, cov tsheb ciav hlau, cov tub rog ua si, chaw ua haujlwm ntawm dej thiab dej hiav txwv. Ib qho ntawm cov qauv tseem ceeb ntawm 316L Stainless hlau thiab 316 Stainless hlau yog tias cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm lub tom kawg yog siab li 0.08%. Cov kev sib txawv no muab cov khoom sib txawv. Cia peb kawm paub ntxiv txog 316L stainless hlau alloy.

Qhov no Nickel alloy kuj muaj cov qauv zoo tiv thaiv ib puag ncig uas txo tus mob uas txo thiab oxidizing tej yam kev mob tau ntsib hauv cov txheej txheem ntws. Qhov no tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo nyob rau hauv ntau cov nroj tsuag uas tau ¡Å ¡° Siab ° OPSSETK N± tshwm sim ntau dua.

Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).

SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Alloy 800 Weld Neck Flanges Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo uas yuav haum rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Stainless Hlau Fasteners
Ntaus Seamless Yeeb Nkab
SCH40 monel 400 yeeb nkab raug xaiv raws li Werkstoff tus lej 2.4360 thiab tsis yog N04400. Alloy 400 cov kav hlau tseem hu ua monel aleloy 400 Yeeb Nkab, Monel 400 Yeeb & Nickel Alloy 400 Yeeb Nkab.
Stainless hlau tuav & Rods

Ntxiv rau cov khoom ntawm 304, 316 stainless hlau ntev thiab luv raj kawg thiab lub raj luv tau muaj kev ntxiv ntawm molybdenum mus rau lawv cov pes tsawg. Muaj cov yas hlau luv luv kawg flanges thiab fittings.

Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov roj pov thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav \ / ntau lawm thiab hauv kev hloov cua sov hauv petrochemical \ / tshuaj lom neeg.

Duplex 2507 muaj siab tsis kam mus rau chloride kev ntxhov siab, muaj zog, thiab zoo tshaj plaws tiv thaiv chloride pitting thiab crevice corrosion.

AWS E317l \ / ER317L muab tub lim hlau lossis cov tub rog tsawg tshaj li thaj tsam ntawm 317L corrosion tsis kam yuav tsum tau siv rau kev siv vuam 317L steel.

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

Fundamentally, lub inconel 625 raug suav tias yog qhov sib tw zoo meej rau cov kev siv uas muaj kev lag luam nuclear thiab marine.

Alloy 254 yog ib qho kev siv tshuaj me me hlau stainless hlau muaj alloy, uas nws muaj peev xwm ntawm Molybdenum, chromium raws li ob npib.

Tsis tau qee qhov alloys zoo li Monel 400 flanges tuaj yeem ua tau zoo hauv cov chaw ua tub rog vim tias lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nrog cov ntsiab lus ntawm tooj liab nyob nruab nrab ntawm 28% rau 34%, nws tau raug xa mus ua superalloy rau nws zoo corrosion resistance cov yam ntxwv.

ASME SB338 Titanium Hloov Yeeb Yeeb Nkab yog lub zog thiab lub teeb ci ua rau lawv zoo tagnrho rau aerospace, tsheb, tub rog thiab kev siv tub rog thiab kev lag luam.

Cov fittings yog puab thiab tom qab ntawd rhuab mus rau lub siab kub raws li kev txias txias kom ze rau qhov txias txias hauv cov huab cua tseem. Qhov kev txias txias no ntxiv ntxiv rau lub zog ntawm lub stainless hlau 310 cov yeeb nkab fittings thiab ua rau lawv muaj zog ntau. Lub ss 310s haum siv nyob rau hauv kev lag luam zoo li dej hiav txwv ua, thermal zog tiam cov nroj tsuag thiab cov piping ntau li. 310s ss Weld fittings siv nyob rau hauv cov chav kawm siab sib txawv los daws tau cov kev xav tau ntawm daim ntawv thov ib yam nkaus.

Alloy hlau kav hlau thiab tubing yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking (SSC). Cov no tseem siv rau ib puag ncig qhov twg qhov teeb meem yog pitting thiab corrose corrosion. Cov hlab thiab cov leeg no muaj nyob hauv machining nyiaj pub thiab thev taus.

Inconel 601 Flanges yog ua los ntawm Nickel chromium alloy. Cov khoom siv qib ntau sib txawv nrog cov lej sib piv. Qeb 601 muaj 58% Nickel, 21% chromium, carbon, manganese, silicon, tooj thiab hlau nyob rau hauv cov khoom.
Carbon Steel Fasteners
Cov Hlau Hlau
jcopipe.com
Tiv Tauj Peb
Hlau Ntsiav
Nilo \ / alloy k w.nr.: 1.3981
Nickel Alloy Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils
Suav (Tsoos)
ASME B36.19M Stainless Hlau Yeeb Nkab

S32750 S32760 SUPLLEX Stuple Stainless Hlau Pipes Nrog Cov Pitting Zoo Tshaj

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Austenitic stainless hlau zoo li 316 thiab 304 (cov uas muaj cov txheej txheem chromium thiab npib tsib xee thiab tuaj yeem siv ntau yam li cov hom ferritic thiab martensitic hom./ jartype

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

Tsau-nthuav dav iav-encapsulated girapsulated alloys, muaj ib qho kev nthuav dav thermal, muaj ib lub khob hluav taws xob nthuav dav zoo ib yam li qhov ntsuas kub

ASTM 182 yog siv rau cov khoom siab, suav nrog flanges, fittings, thiab cov khoom zoo sib xws uas ua raws cov qauv sib txawv lossis cov qauv nyob sab nraud xws li ASME Codes.

Txawm li cas los xij, nws yuav tsum txwv rau 927 degrees Celsius thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob mus rau hauv qab ntawd. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws kub rau kub ua hauj lwm stainless hlau pem teb flanges yog nruab nrab ntawm 1149Ãc - 1260¡Ãc. Rau qhov zoo corrosion tsis kam, stainless hlau dig muag flanges yuav tsum muaj post-ua haujlwm anealing. Cov no AN182 F316 dig flanges kuj muaj nyob hauv cov chav kawm siab sib txawv. Werkstoff tsis yog 1.4301 kua ntsa flanges yog siv hauv tshuaj, lub zog, lub zog, kev lag luam thiab roj av.

Inconel bolts, zoo li inconel 600, 601,625,686,718 & 725 Bolts-molybdenum alloys ntawm siab kub thiab zoo corrosion tsis kam. Vim nws siab siab thermal ruaj khov, tuaj yeem siv tau rau hauv kev pab kub los ntawm cryogenic mus txog 2200¡ÃÃf (982¡Ãc). Lub siab alloy cov ntsiab lus ntawm inconel bolts kom nws los tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm cov chaw muaj mob loj.

Stainless hlau 316 yog tus qauv molybdenum-bearing qib, thib ob hauv qhov tseem ceeb rau SS 304 nyob rau hauv cov hlau tsis huv.

Lub raj hlau stainless 316 Welded Tube yog ib qho ntawm cov leeg siv feem ntau thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Nws yog siv rau ntau cov ntawv thov hla dej hiav txwv ua cov nroj tsuag, kev hloov pauv kub, ua zaub mov sov, ua zaub mov ua khoom noj thiab ntau ntxiv. Lub Ss 316 raj yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev siv hauv dej hiav txwv thaum lawv tiv taus chloride kev ntxhov siab tawg. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus DIN 1.4401 raj tuaj yeem nyob hauv ib puag ncig uas nplua nuj nyob hauv chlorides.

HT YEEB ua ib qho ntawm cov ua thiab cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam thiab cov neeg tsim khoom lag luam ntawm Asme SB564 Inconel Qib 625 Pauv hauv Mumbai, Is Nrias teb los ntawm kev muab cov khoom lag luam zoo tshaj plaws rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tab tom muab cov nqi tsim nyog muab cov nyiaj cheb loj rau ntau yam ntawm Inconel Alloy 625 Flanges.

ASME B16.48 Hastelloy Alloy C2000 Tiaj Tus Flanges Stockoles Alloy C2000 Lap Sib Tw Pleev

ASTM A213, Tp304L, Tp306L, Tp316L, 316TI TP317, SP317, S31254, NO8367, NO8926, NO8367, NO867

ASME B36.19M yog tus qauv kev qhia tshwj xeeb rau cov kav hlau stainless hlau, uas qhia txog kev ua siab ntev, thiab tsim khoom rau cov kav dej thiab cov txiv ntseej.

ASTM ASME SB 166 ALLOY 600 INCORMEL 600 Round Bar Unic N06600 Bar Nickel Alloy Bar

Stainless hlau flange tsis yog hais txog ib hom stainless hlau flange, tab sis kuj tseem sawv cev ntau dua 100 yam khoom siv stainless hlau flanges. Txhua hom stainless hlau muaj kev ua tau zoo hauv nws cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb. Ua ntej, lub hom phiaj ntawm flange yuav tsum qhia meej, thiab tom qab ntawd tau txiav txim siab kom raug. Cov hlau tsis muaj zog yog 304, 304L, 316, 316, thiab lawv txhua tus muaj chromium, npib tsib xee thiab lwm yam tshuaj. Piv txwv li, ntxiv ntawm Molybdenum tuaj yeem txhim kho cov kev ua kom haum cua hauv lub cev, tshwj xeeb yog cov corrosion tsis kam rau cov cua muaj chloride muaj chloride muaj chloride nyias.

Nws muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv ntau yam ntawm oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing tshuaj, thiab cov khoom ua kom pom tseeb zoo rau pitting thiab crevice nres nyob rau hauv muaj cov chlorides thiab lwm yam.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Super Duplex steel muaj txiaj ntsig raws li nws counterpart ¨c nws tau txo qis cov nqi thaum piv nrog cov qhab nia sib piv thiab Ferritic.
Cov Khoom Siv: ASTM A312, Tp304L, Tp304L, Tp316, SP317, S3127, NO8367, NO8926, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO8367, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NO816, NOT8926, NO866
Cov kav dej ntawm seamless configurations tau muaj peev xwm ntau dua cov muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog tshaj lwm qib.
ASTM A182 F5 Flanges tau npaj txhij rau kev lag luam, kev tsim kho thiab kev thauj khoom.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.
Lub 316 cov yeeb nkab stainless hlau tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tsis tau rau cov kev lag luam lag luam. Qhov no alloy ntawm hlau thiab chrome tau lees paub rau nws lub siab tiv taus corrosion, nrog rau nws cov kav ntev. 316 Stainless hlau Tubing tuaj yeem tsim nyob rau hauv ob leeg seamless thiab welded leeg kom tau raws li cov neeg siv khoom xav tau.
Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.

904L 1.4L 1.4539 n08904 hex bolt hnyav hex bolt din933 931 ASME B18.2.1

Austenitic stainless hlau zoo li 316 thiab 304 (cov uas muaj cov txheej txheem chromium thiab npib tsib xee) muaj ntau yam kev tshwm sim tib yam li ferritic thiab martensitic hom.