Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication

Ib lub pob tw weld yeeb nkab haum yog tsim kom muaj welded rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm nws / (weld (to taub cov kab ke / Lawv yog cov hlau lauj kaub tais diav, hlau Tee, Crosses, Stub xaus, reducer, yeeb nkab cap ect. Cov khoom tuaj yeem yog cov khoom siv roj av ASTM A234, Alloy Steel ATTM A860, Monel ect./4 - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.

Ntawm ntau cov ntawv thov, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, kev saib xyuas, khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Taub qab Wret cov fittings, SS cov yeeb nkab, Steel Littings, Teg Tee, Stainless Hlau Luj Tshib - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
1.4529 (Tsis yog N08926) muaj lub siab tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv halide xov xwm muaj sulfur thiab hydrogen
Rau cov kev siv kub kub, lub siab carbon variant 316h stainless hlau thiab stabilized qib 316ti stainless hlau yuav tsum tau siv.

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

Alloy 20 (Alloy 20) yog ib tug hlau-based Austenitic alloy tsim los tawm tsam cov sulfuric acid corrosion. Nws tau ua tau zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid acidosion; Nws muaj zog tsis kam mus rau phosphoric acid, nitric acid thiab chloride ib puag ncig, pitting corrosion, pitting corrosion thiab crack corrosion. Yog li ntawd, Alloy 20 muaj lub npe tiv thaiv corrosion alloy; Nws muaj ntau yam kev siv: xws li: tshuaj, khoom noj, tshuaj, kev lag luam hluav taws xob tsim nyog siv nws. Rau kev tiv thaiv kom pitt corrosion thiab chloride corrosion, kev nyuaj siab corrosion cracking teeb meem, thiab lwm yam) feem ntau siv.

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

Ntawm ntau cov ntawv thov, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, kev saib xyuas, khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Taub qab Wret cov fittings, SS cov yeeb nkab, Steel Littings, Teg Tee, Stainless Hlau Luj Tshib - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
1.4529 (Tsis yog N08926) muaj lub siab tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv halide xov xwm muaj sulfur thiab hydrogen
Rau cov kev siv kub kub, lub siab carbon variant 316h stainless hlau thiab stabilized qib 316ti stainless hlau yuav tsum tau siv.

Ntawm ntau cov ntawv thov, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, kev saib xyuas, khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Taub qab Wret cov fittings, SS cov yeeb nkab, Steel Littings, Teg Tee, Stainless Hlau Luj Tshib - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
1.4529 (Tsis yog N08926) muaj lub siab tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv halide xov xwm muaj sulfur thiab hydrogen
Rau cov kev siv kub kub, lub siab carbon variant 316h stainless hlau thiab stabilized qib 316ti stainless hlau yuav tsum tau siv.

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

Feem ntau, hom 316 qib yuav raug suav tias muaj kev sib luag zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Ib qho kev zam tseem ceeb yog intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub-cuam tshuam rau welds nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev sib txuam txaus. Hauv cov xov xwm zoo li no, hom 316L yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv vuam dua hom 316 vim tias cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon ntau ntxiv rau hauv kev txhim kho corrosion.
Inconel600 yog tsim nyog rau vuam nrog tib cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, txhais tau tias arc enert gas thaiv kev thaiv, thiab pulsed arc vuam. Vuam yog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas nyiam. Thaum siv phau ntawv arc vuam, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov pa thaiv cov roj tiv thaiv nrog ntau yam (AR + nws + H2 + CE2).

Ntawm ntau cov ntawv thov, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, kev saib xyuas, khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Taub qab Wret cov fittings, SS cov yeeb nkab, Steel Littings, Teg Tee, Stainless Hlau Luj Tshib - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
1.4529 (Tsis yog N08926) muaj lub siab tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv halide xov xwm muaj sulfur thiab hydrogen
Rau cov kev siv kub kub, lub siab carbon variant 316h stainless hlau thiab stabilized qib 316ti stainless hlau yuav tsum tau siv.

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

Feem ntau, hom 316 qib yuav raug suav tias muaj kev sib luag zoo nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Ib qho kev zam tseem ceeb yog intergranular corrosion nyob rau hauv lub tshav kub-cuam tshuam rau welds nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev sib txuam txaus. Hauv cov xov xwm zoo li no, hom 316L yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv vuam dua hom 316 vim tias cov ntsiab lus muaj roj carbon ntau ntxiv rau hauv kev txhim kho corrosion.
Inconel600 yog tsim nyog rau vuam nrog tib cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj pleev ib ce, txhais tau tias arc enert gas thaiv kev thaiv, thiab pulsed arc vuam. Vuam yog qhov kev daws teeb meem uas nyiam. Thaum siv phau ntawv arc vuam, nws raug nquahu kom siv cov pa thaiv cov roj tiv thaiv nrog ntau yam (AR + nws + H2 + CE2).

Lub unr unic s31803 (ASTM F51) Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb tau ua rau muaj ntau dua Superseded los ntawm Unvent S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Qhov no qhia txog lawv txoj kev xav kom ua kom tiav ntawm cov khoom siv alloy, ua tsaug rau kev txhim kho AOD cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tswj hwm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tso cai rau cuam tshuam rau cov nitrogen ntxiv qib ntxiv dua li yog tam sim no yog nyob tom qab keeb kwm. Yog li ntawd, qhov siab tshaj plaws ua tiav cov qib hloov kho kom ua kom ntau cov ntsiab lus ntawm chromium (CR), Molybdenum (mo) thiab nitrogen (n).

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

Ntawm ntau cov ntawv thov, cov khoom lag luam suav nrog cov cuab yeej rau kev siv tshuab, tshuaj lom neeg, kev saib xyuas, khoom noj thiab dej haus.
Taub qab Wret cov fittings, SS cov yeeb nkab, Steel Littings, Teg Tee, Stainless Hlau Luj Tshib - Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd.
1.4529 (Tsis yog N08926) muaj lub siab tsis kam rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion hauv halide xov xwm muaj sulfur thiab hydrogen
Rau cov kev siv kub kub, lub siab carbon variant 316h stainless hlau thiab stabilized qib 316ti stainless hlau yuav tsum tau siv.

S31803 yog cov qauv sau ua ke (tsis ua haujlwm) rau thawj lub duplex stainless hlau stainless. Cov txheej txheem tsis zoo tau tsim los ntawm cov pab pawg ua lag luam hauv xyoo 1970 los txo kev tsis meej pem thaum tib almoy tau hu ua ntau yam sib txawv, thiab hloov ua lwm yam. Txhua tus hlau yog sawv cev los ntawm ib tsab ntawv ua raws li tsib tus lej, qhov twg tsab ntawv sawv cev ntawm cov hlau series, i.E. s rau stainless hlau.

Rau cov ntawv sau zeb hauv av uas xav tau cov qib qis dua uas tsis muaj cov xeb txaus tiv thaiv. Raws li 22% chromium cov ntsiab lus, lawv muaj cov ustenitic: Ferritic microstructure uas muaj zog dua, corrosion tsis kam thiab nqi-ua hauj lwm zoo.

Lub 317L (00cr19NI13 Nws yog tiv taus ntau dua li cov pa hluav taws xob tsawg dua li chromium-npib tsib xee ustenitic steels xws li 304 alloy. Tsis tas li ntawd, piv nrog cov pa stainless hlau, 317L alloy tau nce siab dua, muaj kev ntxhov siab corrosion, compressive lub zog thiab kub tsis kam. Nws yog qib theem qis lossis LUZE, uas tiv taus cov rhiab thaum lub sij hawm txhaj tshuaj thiab kev kho cua sov.

800h tuaj yeem tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm ntau cov xov xwm corrosive. Nws cov ntsiab lus nickel siab ua rau nws tiv taus kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg hauv aqueous corrosion. Lub siab chromium cov ntsiab lus muab cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion tawg. Lub alloy muaj zoo corrosion tsis kam rau nitric acid thiab organic acids, tab sis muaj kev txwv corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv sulfuric acid thiab hydrochloric acid. Zoo corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv oxidizing thiab tsis-oxidizing ntsev, ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm rau pitting corrosion hauv av. Nws tseem muaj cov zoo corrosion tsis kam nyob hauv dej, chav thiab sib tov ntawm Chav, huab cua thiab carbon dioxide.

Type 316 alloy is considered suitable for some marine environment applications, such as ship rails and hardware, and the exterior walls of buildings near the ocean that are exposed to salt spray. Hom 316 Stainless hlau qhia tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm kev corrosion hauv 100-teev, 5% kev sim.

Annealing ntawm 1050 thiab 1080¡Ãx¡-tau ua tom qab forging, ua raws li los ntawm restore corrosion tsis kam, tab sis tsis muaj kev kho cua sov kom tawv 316L.

Tus qauv Austenitic ntawm 316 stainless hlau muab cov tawv muaj zog zoo txawm tias tsis kub.

Stainless Qib 316TI muaj qhov me me ntawm titanium. Cov ntsiab lus titanium feem ntau tsuas yog nyob ib ncig 0.5%. Titanium atoms ruaj khov tus qauv ntawm 316 ntawm qhov kub ntawm ntau tshaj ntawm 800¡Ãc.

Nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov chloride ion kev ntxhov siab corrosion, thiab kuj muaj cov kev tiv thaiv zoo thiab muaj kev ruaj khov zoo hauv kev tawm suab.

Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm yog me ntsis zoo dua li 904L, thiab nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hlab ntsha los ntawm -196 txog 400 Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã.

Piv nrog 316L, 317L steel muaj cov dej hiav txwv zoo tsis kam thiab scc tuaj yeem, thiab siv tshuaj lom neeg tshuaj lom neeg, tshuaj kho cov tshuaj lom neeg xav tau cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj feem xyuam.

Thaum 300 series stainless cov hlau yog nrov heev, lawv tsis yog thoob ntiaj teb tsim nyog rau tag nrho cov txheej txheem cov txheej txheem kev siv piping daim ntawv thov. Piv txwv li, txawm hais tias lawv yog corrosion resistant, 300 series formulations tsis ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv muaj ntawm chlorides. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, cov hlau nrog ntau dua cov ntsiab lus ntau dua li molybdenum, chromium thiab npib tsib xee yog nyiam.

Hom 316 yog ntau tiv taus rau cov sulfuric acid daws teeb meem tshaj lwm yam chromium-tsib xee. Hom 316 tiv taus cov kua qaub ntev txog 5% ntawm qhov kub thiab txias txog 120¡ÃF (49¡ÃF). Cov hom no tau tiv thaiv zoo heev rau cov kev cuam tshuam ntau dua ntawm qhov kub hauv qab 100¡u F (38¡Ã C).