SS 316 PIPE PIPE na ASTM A312 TP316 Wedded Plaipe na China

Ihe edere A182 F9 nwere ụfọdụ chromium na molybdenum, ma nke abụọ na-enye aka na ndụ ogologo oge wee nwee ogologo ndụ.

Titanium bụ igwe mgbanwe nke na-egosikwa myirịta na kemịkalụ ya, ọkachasị na obere ihe ọ bụla na-ekwu, na Chrome na Vadium.

A maara Nickel dabere na 800 Incoloy Hexagol pipe na-enwe ezigbo nguzogide corrosion. N'ezie, ịsụ asụsụ, Incoloy 800 pipe na-enye iguzogide iguzogide carburtization abụọ ahụ yana corrosion.

Nickel 200 Fanges 200 flanges na-adịgide adịgide, ọnọdụ dị iche iche, ma nwee mmezu dị mma. Ọzọkwa, ASTM B564 na-enweghị isi n02200 flassion na-eguzogide corrosion na gburugburu oxiding na optinaiti na oxidizing gburugburu, na-eme ka ha zuo oke maka iji ngwa nri.

NILO Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Mkpọsa 36® bụ Nickel 36® bụ Nickel 36® na-agbasasị na-agbasasị 36% nickel ma nwee ọnụego oke ikuku nke carbon steel.
bolts, eriri juputara zuru oke, igwe anaghị agba nchara ASTM309 bolt

Ọ ga-amali ya n'ime ọkpọkọ tupu ịgbado. N'okwu a, ọ bụ nnụnụ abụọ na akụkụ abụọ (i.e. N'ime na n'èzí), yabụ ọ na-enye ike dị mfe na-enyere aka izere ịwụpụ.

Alloy nchara bụ ígwè nke a na-ejigide ọtụtụ ihe na ngụkọta dị iche iche n'agbata 1.0% na 50% site na ibu iji meziwanye akụrụngwa ya. A na-agbaji Steals steels n'ime otu abụọ: ala dị ala na steellis steels. Ihe dị iche n'etiti mmadụ abụọ ahụ. Smith na Hahemi Kọwaa ihe dị iche na 4.0%, ebe Degarmo, et al., Kọwaa ya na 8.0%. [1] Ọtụtụ mgbe, ahịrịokwu "Alloy steel" na-ezo aka na Lower Steel.

Zụta igwe anaghị agba nchara 254 SMO Wedded pipes na sma 254 square pipes
Anyị na-enye ọtụtụ injinịa nke ọma Astm a 105 carbon steel flanges mere na nnabata nke mba ụwa na ụkpụrụ nchekwa.
MOEL 400 PIPE maka Frames maka Eygugses

304L pipe nwere nguzogide oxidation na-agbagha ọrụ na-enweghị nsogbu ruo 870¡ãc na-aga n'ihu ruo 9250¡ãcãc. Agbanyeghị, ejikarị ya na 425-860¡ã. N'okwu a, a na-atụ aro 304l n'ihi nguzogide ya na oke ibu. Ebe a chọrọ ike dị elu na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ dị elu 500¡ã¡ã¡ã¡ãh, ọkwa 304h. Ihe a ga-eguzogide mmiri na mmiri.

Akwụkwọ ọkwa akwụkwọ "gwọchara anụcha: 304l, 316l, 310, 309, 347, 344LO, 904l \ / 1.4539 \ / N0804 £ ¬n08367, N08926 \ / 1.4537 "

A họpụtara Sch40 Mon 400 PIPE dị ka nọmba Werkstoff 2.4360 na enweghị N04400. Alloy 400 pipe a makwaara dị ka mone alloy 400 pịpe, mone 400 pịp & nickel alloy 400 pịchaa.

Mone 400 na-enweghị atụ, mone 400 tubing, alloy 400 gas, mones 400 na-ahụkarị tube osisi na kemịkal ha siri ike na-eguzogide corrosion kemịkal.

A na-eji eriri afọ 625 mara nke ọma na oxidation, ọnọdụ-okpomọkụ dị elu na ike ọgwụgwụ. A na-ejikarị efere ASTM B443 na-enweghị isi na Aerospace, nhazi kemịkalụ na mmanụ na mmanụ n'ihi ike ya, ike na ịdị ogologo ndụ na mpaghara dị iche iche.

Nke a dabara adaba wee bụrụ akụkụ nke usoro maka ibugharị mmiri (mmanụ, ikuku, kemịkal, ...) n'ụzọ dị mma, karịa dị mkpụmkpụ ma ọ bụ dị anya.

SMO 254 Pipes nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị elu na alloy 254 SMO pipe dị elu na-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ na gburugburu corrosive.

Percel 625 PIPE bụ Nickel Chromium Super Alooy Pipe na-eme nke 58% Chromium, Mangana, ígwè, sọlfọ na titanium na titanium. Ọkọgbọ ahụ bụ nnukwu corrosion na-eguzogide. Navstar nchara bụ onye na-emepụta ihe na onye na-ebubata akwụkwọ na eriri afọ 625 na tubes. Ihe ahụ nwere 517MPA kacha nta ike ike na 930MPA opekempe Tensile.

Mkpokọta 36® bụ nickel-ígwè, mgbasa ozi dị ala nke nwere 36% nickel, ọkọlọtọ 36 nwere ọdịiche dị ala site na + 500 Celsius F (260 Celsius C).

Alloy 800 bụ Nickel-chroy alloy na ike dị elu na nguzogide ike na oxidion na corrosion na oke okpomọkụ. ASTM B407 enweghị isi N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. A na-ejikwa 1876 welded pipe na-eji ihe eji arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ corrosion, nguzogide, ike, na nkwụsi ike maka ọrụ ruru 1500 Celsius F (816 Celsius C).

A na-eji paops 304 na-eji akwa igwe anaghị agba nchara 304, ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngwa ọrụ na-achọ iguzogide corrosion na mixidian. SPOOL P30400 ndị a na-ejikarị na-eji igwe na usoro pụrụ iche, nke gbaa mbọ na ha ziri ezi ma nwee ezi ezi.

Igwe nchara 316 nchara abụrụla ihe dị mkpa maka mpaghara mmepụta ihe. A nabatara Alloy nke ígwè na Chrome maka nguzogide ya dị elu na corrosion, yana ịdịte ya. E nwere ike imepụta eriri nchara na-enweghị mmiri ma welded tubes iji zute mkpa ndị ahịa.

Alloy 400 pipe na-ebido na ikiw nwere ike iguzogide nguzogide na ike ike na ike.

Nke a na-enye nguzogide nke ukwuu na sulfuric acid. Ọ nwekwara ọdịnaya chromium dị elu, iji bulie nguzogide ya na kemịkal na-agafe agafe site na oxygen na-agbaze.

Ikpo oku gwọọ ASTM A105 abụghị ihe ịchọ mma. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ahụghị maka flanges nke nwere akara ASTM A105 dabara adaba na klaasị.

Flange bụ nke abụọ ejikọtara ọnụ. A na-eji flanges mgbe nkwonkwo chọrọ ịchụ nta. Ọ na-enye mgbanwe maka ndozi. Flige na-ejikọ ọkpọkọ na akụrụngwa na valves. A na-agbakwunye ọgba aghara na sistemụ ọkpọkọ ma ọ bụrụ na mmezi ya na achọrọ n'oge ọrụ ọkụkụ.

A na-ejikarị ya na mmiri na gas gas \ / imepụta na ndị na-agbanwe ọkụ na Petrochemical \ /.

2205 A na-atụ aro ka ejiri ya mee ihe na okpomọkụ karịa 57220F. N'ihi ọnụnọ nke chromium dị elu, na nitrogen ọdịnaya, 2205 duthless nchara na-egosi na akara ube na-acha odo odo dị elu 316 na 316L n'ọtụtụ gburugburu.

Alloy nchara pipe & tube
Industlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-egbochi corrosion. Mkpa ọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na-eduga na nnabata na uto ha n'akụkụ ike, ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmanụ na gas, ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe gas na-eme mkpọtụ.

Ngwa ekposiri dị elu n'ihi oke na nke kwụsiri ike na-agagharị mgbe a na-ewetara ya afọ 718. Asi B16.47 Franges 718 Franges dị mkpa maka nri, ihe ọ beụ na ọrụ nri na ụlọ ọrụ nri, na-eme ka sistemụ mmiri na-egbochi mmiri n'oge.

Carbon steel & mkpanaka
Duplex stanges
A na-eduzi site na nha dị iche iche na oke nha na ọkpụrụkpụ dị iche iche, ụdị Nickel-Chromium-Chromium-molyybdeom maka ike ya na nguzogide corrosion.
Mpempe akwụkwọ & akwa & cils

Alcoy-Coasper-Corpper 400 Monel 2.4360 na-atụfu mkpanaka na-egbochi ngwa ọgụ na-agba ọsọ na-efe efe mgbe ekpughere ya na gburugburu ebe a na-ahụkarị. Mone 400 bụ ọla kọpa na Nickel dabere na-ewu ewu taa n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị elu. Alloy nwere ezigbo acid na alkali iguzogide. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ezigbo ihe na-adịghị egwu egwu, na-akụda mmụọ, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, ma nwee ike ịrụkwa ọrụ oyi. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji ya na ngwa na okpomọkụ si na mwepu ruo 538 ogo Celsius.

Asme B36.19m bụ nkọwapụta ọkọlọtọ maka ọkpọ nchara, nke na-akọwapụta akụkụ, nnabata, na ọrụ na-achọ ihe abụọ na-enweghị atụ.

660 Studs, na-abụghị magnetic na ọnọdụ a na-anwale, mana ọ nwere ike ịcha ma ọlị. Ọ bụ ezie na o nwere otu ike na corrosion iguzogide dị ka steel ndị ọzọ, ASTM A453 GR. 660 hex isi bolts na-emepụta ihe ndị siri ike n'ihi ọdịnaya carbon dị ala. ASTM A453 Studs dị mma maka ngwa okpomọkụ. A na-ekewa ọkwa nke flateners a na A, b, c, d akara. Akụrụngwa bụ carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sọlfọ, silinium, titanium, alumium, boriadium, borianium, boriadium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, boriadium. ASTM A453 Bolts na-enweta ike ha ike na corrosion iguzogide ihe.

316L 1.4401 s31603 nchara nchara bụ nke dị ukwuu nke ukwuu na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ejiri na-abụkarị ihe a na-ejikarị ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa ahịa. A na-eme ss ss s31603 site na elu dị elu 316l nchara dị iche iche na-eguzogide corrosion, oxidation na ngwakọta, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka gburugburu ya ma ọ bụ ngwa nrụgide siri ike.

Ezubere ihe dabara adaba na saịtị ahụ na njedebe ya (s) iji jikọọ na pipe (s) ma kwe ka mgbanwe na uzo ma ọ bụ na-ejedebe ma ọ bụ njedebe.

Mmụba nke carbon ihe na-eme ka igwe kwụ ọtọ na-eme ka ọkụ kpoo ọkụ, ọ na-aghọ obere ducle. Na-enweghị ọgwụgwọ ọkụ, carbon dị elu ga-ebelata iwe.

Sae 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara. Na nchara ahụ nwere chromium (n'etiti 18% na 20%) na nickel (n'etiti 8% na 10.5%) [1] Ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara. Ọ naghị adịkarị eletrik na iji kpụrụ akpụ karịa igwe carbon. Ọ bụ ndọta, ma ndọta dị ala karịa nchara. O nwere ike iguzogide elu karịa nchara ma na-ejikarị ya n'ihi na ọ ga-adịrị ndị a na-etolite n'ụdị dị iche iche. [1]

Steels steels dị elu buloy steels nke na-enwe nguzogide elu na-ejigide ya na steel ndị ọzọ n'ihi ọnụnọ nke chromium. Dabere na ihe owuwu ha kristal ha, a na-ekewa ha ke ferritic, ólanitic, na steeltitic steels.

Al6xn bụ nebisenitic nchara dị ukwuu site na nguzogide pụtara ìhè na chloride na-akwụ, corvice corrosion na nrụgide corrosion. Al6xn bụ alyy alloy 6 moly mepụtara maka ma ejiri ya rụọ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. O nwere otutu nickel (24%), molybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen na chromium na-enye ya oke iguzogide ya chloride na chloride na-eguzogide nguzogide. A na-eji AL6XN nke ọma maka ike ya na crovice na-eguzogide na chlorides. Ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara.

Ọdịnaya dị elu, Molybden na nitrogen dị elu na-ebute nguzogide na-arụ ọrụ na steeti na-arụ ọrụ na steeti niile na-eme ihe niile dị na mbara igwe karịa 50¡ãc.

Alloy nwere ezigbo nguzogide oxidation na ike ike na 1500¡Ãf (8160c). O nwekwara ezigbo ike okpomoku di ala.

ASTM A240 please 2205 bụ efere doccles nke ejiri rụọ ọrụ nke ukwuu na nhazi dị iche iche dị ka nhazi kemịkalụ, mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri. A na-eme mpempe akwụkwọ 3055 na ọkwa 2205 ígwè, nke bụ ngwakọta nke ferritic na chara acha.
Asme B18.22.1
Mgbaghara na-apụ apụ
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Asme B18.2.2
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
DN 933 HEX BOT na eriri zuru oke
Duplex na-adịghị mma igwe na-ejikọ dayameta 200 mm 2205 pipe
Igwe anaghị agba nchara
Mone 400 pịsị maka ngwa Aerospace

O nwere ike iguzogide ọtụtụ ihe kemịkal na kemịlị na-enweghị oxiding, ma na-egosipụta oke iguzogide na-efe efe na ọnụnọ nke chloride na ndị ọzọ.

N08367 na-ekwukarị na Alloy Al6xn bụ carbon dị ala, ịdị ọcha nke ukwuu "Nickel-mulybdem na-enwe ike iguzogide chloride na corrosion.

316 ígwè igwe anaghị agba nchara bụ alloy a ma ama nke nwere molyybdenum. N'adịghị ka steel na-enweghị igwe, 304, ọ na-eguzogide chlorides na acid ndị ọzọ. Nke a na - eme ka ọ dị mma maka ngwa n'èzí na gburugburu mmiri ma ọ bụ ngwa ndị nwere ike ịpị na chlorides.

660 Studs, na-abụghị magnetic na ọnọdụ a na-anwale, mana ọ nwere ike ịcha ma ọlị. Ọ bụ ezie na o nwere otu ike na corrosion iguzogide dị ka steel ndị ọzọ, ASTM A453 GR. 660 hex isi bolts na-emepụta ihe ndị siri ike n'ihi ọdịnaya carbon dị ala. ASTM A453 Studs dị mma maka ngwa okpomọkụ. A na-ekewa ọkwa nke flateners a na A, b, c, d akara. Akụrụngwa bụ carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sọlfọ, silinium, titanium, alumium, boriadium, borianium, boriadium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, boriadium. ASTM A453 Bolts na-enweta ike ha ike na corrosion iguzogide ihe.

Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara, ụdị bolts na mkpụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ bold bolks ma ọ bụ skles na-enweghị mmiri, ị nọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. Anyị na-emepụta ụdị ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche ma ọ bụ isi ndị nwere isi kpuchiri nchara maka ọgba tum tum.
A789 enweghị S32803 na enweghị s32205 akara ule abụọ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara ebe niile na-ejikarị ngwa ndị ọrụ. A na-ama ama ama s31803 na-enweghị atụ na-emegide nguzogide ha siri ike na-eguzogide, dị elu, na ezigbo Waldọ. A789 bụ nkọwapụta nke na-ekpuchi enweghị mgbochi na mmiri nke emere site na igwe anaghị agba nchara.
Nickel Alloy 400 na monel 400, makwaara dị ka N044400, bụ Alcoy Nickel-Copper-Copper nke sitere na ọla atọ na ọla kọpa. A maara Nickel Alloy 400 maka iguzogide ụdị ọnọdụ ya, gụnyere alkalis (ma ọ bụ acid), mmiri nnu, na sulfuric acid. Ebe ọ bụ na Monel 400 ma ọ bụ alloy 400 bụ oyi na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, Alloy nwere oke isi ike, ike na ike. Site na oyi na-arụ ọrụ ASTM B164 na-enweghị isi N04400 Bark, a na-edo onwe ya ọkwa dị elu nke nrụgide nke ọma, nke na-ebute mgbanwe na microy.

660 Studs, na-abụghị magnetic na ọnọdụ a na-anwale, mana ọ nwere ike ịcha ma ọlị. Ọ bụ ezie na o nwere otu ike na corrosion iguzogide dị ka steel ndị ọzọ, ASTM A453 GR. 660 hex isi bolts na-emepụta ihe ndị siri ike n'ihi ọdịnaya carbon dị ala. ASTM A453 Studs dị mma maka ngwa okpomọkụ. A na-ekewa ọkwa nke flateners a na A, b, c, d akara. Akụrụngwa bụ carbon, manganese, phosphorus, sọlfọ, silinium, titanium, alumium, boriadium, borianium, boriadium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, borianium, boriadium. ASTM A453 Bolts na-enweta ike ha ike na corrosion iguzogide ihe.

Ndị ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ dị ka nguzogide nke ụdị acid organic na iguzogide chloride-na-akpata nrụgide nrụgide Corlorion.

Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara, ụdị bolts na mkpụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ bold bolks ma ọ bụ skles na-enweghị mmiri, ị nọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. Anyị na-emepụta ụdị ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche ma ọ bụ isi ndị nwere isi kpuchiri nchara maka ọgba tum tum.
A789 enweghị S32803 na enweghị s32205 akara ule abụọ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara ebe niile na-ejikarị ngwa ndị ọrụ. A na-ama ama ama s31803 na-enweghị atụ na-emegide nguzogide ha siri ike na-eguzogide, dị elu, na ezigbo Waldọ. A789 bụ nkọwapụta nke na-ekpuchi enweghị mgbochi na mmiri nke emere site na igwe anaghị agba nchara.
Nickel Alloy 400 na monel 400, makwaara dị ka N044400, bụ Alcoy Nickel-Copper-Copper nke sitere na ọla atọ na ọla kọpa. A maara Nickel Alloy 400 maka iguzogide ụdị ọnọdụ ya, gụnyere alkalis (ma ọ bụ acid), mmiri nnu, na sulfuric acid. Ebe ọ bụ na Monel 400 ma ọ bụ alloy 400 bụ oyi na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, Alloy nwere oke isi ike, ike na ike. Site na oyi na-arụ ọrụ ASTM B164 na-enweghị isi N04400 Bark, a na-edo onwe ya ọkwa dị elu nke nrụgide nke ọma, nke na-ebute mgbanwe na microy.

Alloy 600 bụ nhọrọ kachasị elu maka arịa nje nuklia na ngwa ngwa na kemịkalụ, ihe eji eme ihe na-emepụta ọkụ, ihe mejupụtara gas na akụkụ eletrik.

A na-ejikwa gasket. A na-ejikarị flanges (ihe equed) ma welded. N'ihi na igwe anaghị agba nchara, ihe kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka ti, nb na mo na-agbakwunye iji mezigharị nguzogide na nchịkwa. Mgbado ahụ dị mma karịa nke chromi anaghị agba nchara.

Rf ff rtj asme b16.47 usoro b flantes igwe anaghị agba nchara flagel flages flage

Flange bụ onye na-egbuji, egbugbere ọnụ ma ọ bụ rim, ma ọ bụ nke mpụga ma ọ bụ nke na-arụ ọrụ ka ịbawanye ike (dị ka floage nke iron, ma ọ bụ t-sy); Maka mgbakwunye dị mfe na ihe ọzọ na - eme (dịka flage na njedebe nke ọkpọkọ, wdg, ma ọ bụ n'elu oghere igwefoto); ma ọ bụ maka nkwụsi ike ma na-eduzi mmegharị nke igwe ma ọ bụ akụkụ ya (dị ka ọ dị n'ime ụgbọ ala ụgbọ okporo ígwè, nke na-edebe wiil ndị ahụ site na ịgbanyụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè). A na-ejikwa okwu ahụ "Flan" maka ụdị ngwaọrụ eji eme mpempe flanges.

Look dị ogologo na-acha uhie uhie, nke a makwaara dị ka lyn flanges, yiri ọkọlọtọ. Weld ụda flinge, mana olu dị ogologo.

Angel 600 Cour-Dabere na Nickel na alloy Carbuburation na nguzogide corrosion na oke okpomọkụ na oke okpomọkụ. Constil 600 Ogwe dị irè megide ihicha fl2 na ọtụtụ gas ndị ọzọ dị iche na dị nro ma dị elu. Alloy 600 Bar bụ nickel-Chromium Alloy na-enwe ezigbo nguzogide na-eguzogide ngọngọ, dị elu na-agba agba mmiri corrosion na oxidaụ acid.

Ọkụ anaghị agba nchara adịghị mma dị mma maka gas, mmanụ, uzuoku na ngwa mmiri. 304 nchara na-enyere aka iguzogide corrosion nke mmiri, okpomoku, mmiri nnu, acid, mineral na peat. 316 igwe anaghị agba nchara na-enye onyinye ka mma na-eguzogide.

Anyị bụ ndị ọkachamara na ụdị igwe anaghị agba nchara, ụdị bolts na mkpụrụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-achọ bold bolks ma ọ bụ skles na-enweghị mmiri, ị nọ ebe kwesịrị ekwesị. Anyị na-emepụta ụdị ndị dị iche iche dị iche iche ma ọ bụ isi ndị nwere isi kpuchiri nchara maka ọgba tum tum.

Iji zipu pipeline, ọ dị mkpa iji wepu hose hoce na pipeline. Mgbe ị na-eji ọkpọkọ dị iche iche, a ga-eji pipọtị dị iche iche. Mgbe ejiri ọkpọkọ, a ga-eji ikio mmachi a ga-agbanwe nha nke pipeline. Mgbe ị na-eme mkpọtụ, atọ ahụ na-ejikọ njikọ ọnụ njikọ ahụ na nkwonkwo na-arụ ọrụ na nkwonkwo ahụ, iji ruo ogologo oge ndọtị na-ahụ anya, ogologo ntabi anya na-ejikọ ọnụ nke ọkpọkọ. , N'ime njikọ dị iche iche ngwa, enwerekwa njikọ na plọg nke ngwa.

Ọ na - egosipụta ezi nguzogide na-anọpụ iche na ibelata gburugburu. Alloy a na -emepụta oxide ube, ihe nkiri na-egbochi nke na-adịghị ada ada, mana ọ na-ejigide nguzogide na-eguzogide na-enwu ọkụ.

Ntụgharị 600 nke usoro nke ọkọlọtọ N06600 na ASTM B167 bụ ndị mepụtara iji kwado nnukwu nrụgide ma bịa na nnukwu akwụkwọ ikike.

660D Black Black gwọchachachacha ntutu isi na-acha uhie uhie hext lexing socket isi 660D Hext Hext Hext Hext Hext Hext Hext Hex0d

Nkwupụta a na-ekpuchi igwe na-ekpo ọkụ na oyi na-arụ ọrụ, gụnyere, square, na heivalel, yana ndị na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ma ọ bụ ebe a na-ebugharị na ụgbọ mmiri.