JCPOPE.

Nkọwapụta 800h 800h anyị nwere aha siri ike na ụlọ ọrụ maka ịmepụta ụdị dị elu nke ụdị ndị ahịa anyị chọrọ. Anyị na-emepụta na-emepụta 800 flanges nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ma dị mma. Anyị na-eji akụrụngwa adịchaghị mma na igwe dị elu maka ịmepụta ASTM B564 na-enweghị isi n0800.

BETT Weld Pipe Fit
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
Asme B36.19m bụ nkọwapụta ọkọlọtọ maka ọkpọ nchara, nke na-akọwapụta akụkụ, nnabata, na ọrụ na-achọ ihe abụọ na-enweghị atụ.
Uwe eji igwe anaghị agba nchara & rods

Alloy 800 Hell Holy na-agbasa na ụlọ ọrụ maka ịmepụta ụdị dị elu nke ụdị ndị ahịa anyị chọrọ. Anyị na-emepụta na-emepụta 800 flanges nke a pụrụ ịdabere na ya ma dị mma. Anyị na-eji akụrụngwa adịchaghị mma na igwe dị elu maka ịmepụta ASTM B564 na-enweghị isi n0800.

A na-egbochi iri nathol-chromium-chrom nke na-ejikarị ngwa dị elu na ngwa dị ka ọrịa aerospace na gas. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kachasị mkpa na mmepụta nke ASTM B670 akwụkwọ mpịakọta 718 bụ mpempe akwụkwọ mpịakọta. E nwere ụdị abụọ nke eriri afọ 7118 dị na ahịa: a na-ekpo ọkụ na efere oyi.

Alcoy-Coasper-Corpper 400 Monel 2.4360 na-atụfu mkpanaka na-egbochi ngwa ọgụ na-agba ọsọ na-efe efe mgbe ekpughere ya na gburugburu ebe a na-ahụkarị. Mone 400 bụ ọla kọpa na Nickel dabere na-ewu ewu taa n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị elu. Alloy nwere ezigbo acid na alkali iguzogide. Na mgbakwunye, ọ nwere ezigbo ihe na-adịghị egwu egwu, na-akụda mmụọ, ọ na-eme ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-ekpo ọkụ, ma nwee ike ịrụkwa ọrụ oyi. Ọzọkwa, enwere ike iji ya na ngwa na okpomọkụ si na mwepu ruo 538 ogo Celsius.

A789 enweghị S32803 na enweghị s32205 akara ule abụọ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara ebe niile na-ejikarị ngwa ndị ọrụ. A na-ama ama ama s31803 na-enweghị atụ na-emegide nguzogide ha siri ike na-eguzogide, dị elu, na ezigbo Waldọ. A789 bụ nkọwapụta nke na-ekpuchi enweghị mgbochi na mmiri nke emere site na igwe anaghị agba nchara.

Dan931 ASTM A193 B7 CHAPATIAL PASTUS RELY DIN931-8.8 Bolts alloy nchara hex bolt

N08925 igwe anaghị agba nchara flange na-enye ezigbo nguzogide nke nrụgide corrosion na-efe efe na sulphide nrụgide nrụgide

S31803 bụ usoro na - adịghị mma (enweghị ego) maka ndozi nke Duplex ahụ. E mepụtara usoro azụmaahịa site na ọtụtụ ndị otu azụmaahịa na 1970 iji belata oge na-asụ otu alloy otu ihe dị iche iche, na nke ọzọ. Otu akwụkwọ ozi na-anọchi anya ya na ọnụọgụ ise sochirinụ, ebe akwụkwọ ozi na-anọchi anya usoro, I.e. s maka igwe anaghị agba nchara.

A na-eduzi site na nha dị iche iche na oke nha na ọkpụrụkpụ dị iche iche, ụdị Nickel-Chromium-Chromium-molyybdeom maka ike ya na nguzogide corrosion.

A na-ejikarị ya na mmiri na gas gas \ / imepụta na ndị na-agbanwe ọkụ na Petrochemical \ /.

N08367 na-ekwukarị na Alloy Al6xn bụ carbon dị ala, ịdị ọcha nke ukwuu "Nickel-mulybdem na-enwe ike iguzogide chloride na corrosion.

Igwe nchara 316 nchara abụrụla ihe dị mkpa maka mpaghara mmepụta ihe. A nabatara Alloy nke ígwè na Chrome maka nguzogide ya dị elu na corrosion, yana ịdịte ya. E nwere ike imepụta eriri nchara na-enweghị mmiri ma welded tubes iji zute mkpa ndị ahịa.

A họpụtara Sch40 Mon 400 PIPE dị ka nọmba Werkstoff 2.4360 na enweghị N04400. Alloy 400 pipe a makwaara dị ka mone alloy 400 pịpe, mone 400 pịp & nickel alloy 400 pịchaa.

A na-ewere ọkwa nchara 304 na-ewerekarị igwe anaghị agba nchara. O nwere ọdịnaya Nickel dị elu, na-abụkarị pasent dị arọ 8 na 10,5, na nnukwu chrim gburugburu 18 ruo 20. Isi ihe ndị ọzọ dị mkpa gụnyere manganese, silicon na carbon. Ihe mejupụtara kemịkal bụ tumadi iron.

Ntụgharị 600 nke usoro nke ọkọlọtọ N06600 na ASTM B167 bụ ndị mepụtara iji kwado nnukwu nrụgide ma bịa na nnukwu akwụkwọ ikike.

Ọ nwere ike dị elu na nguzogide crosion na-eguzogide na gburugburu acidic na alkaline dị iche iche, ọkachasị adabara ebelata ọnọdụ. Ọ nwekwara ezigbo nsogbu na nkụda mmụọ.

A na-eji eriri afọ 625 mara nke ọma na oxidation, ọnọdụ-okpomọkụ dị elu na ike ọgwụgwụ. A na-ejikarị efere ASTM B443 na-enweghị isi na Aerospace, nhazi kemịkalụ na mmanụ na mmanụ n'ihi ike ya, ike na ịdị ogologo ndụ na mpaghara dị iche iche.

ASTM A240 please 2205 bụ efere doccles nke ejiri rụọ ọrụ nke ukwuu na nhazi dị iche iche dị ka nhazi kemịkalụ, mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri. A na-eme mpempe akwụkwọ 3055 na ọkwa 2205 ígwè, nke bụ ngwakọta nke ferritic na chara acha.

Incololog 925 igwe anaghị agba nchara flagel iron chromium alloy flage
Preficated ígwè na-eji ohere nke prepressite dị mfe iji meziwanye ọsọ ma ọ bụ eriri na ịkọ ngwọta nke ihe ngwọta.
Asme B36.19m nchara nchara

Alloy N10675 bụ nnukwu corrosion na-eguzogide nickel molybdeom alloy. A na-eji alloy a mara oke nguzogide megide hydrochloric acid na ibelata ndị ọzọ na-ebelata na usoro mgbasa ozi na itinye uche.
MOEL 400 na-ekiri nickel-reploy sara mbara

A na-eji paops 304 na-eji akwa igwe anaghị agba nchara 304, ihe a na-ahụkarị na ngwa ọrụ na-achọ iguzogide corrosion na mixidian. SPOOL P30400 ndị a na-ejikarị na-eji igwe na usoro pụrụ iche, nke gbaa mbọ na ha ziri ezi ma nwee ezi ezi.

Mkpokọta 36® bụ nickel-ígwè, mgbasa ozi dị ala nke nwere 36% nickel, ọkọlọtọ 36 nwere ọdịiche dị ala site na + 500 Celsius F (260 Celsius C).

ASTM A815 na-enweghị ego s322205 na-enweghị atụ na-atụgharị ụzọ pipe ma na-eguzogide ọgwụ chloride na gburugburu sulloride na nnukwu gburugburu. Ndị a Asme B16.9 Duxlex na-eji akwa igwe na-enweghị mmiri nwere ihe dị iche iche na-enweghị ihe dị ka chromium dị elu.

A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91 Ngwurugwu Ngwurugwu Na-enweghị atụ, a na-eji ihe eji egbochi mmiri plastik, kee ya na nylon ụdọ. Enwere akara doro anya na mpụga ngwugwu ahụ maka njirimara dị mfe nke ọnụọgụ na NJ ngwaahịa na nnukwu nlekọta n'oge njikwa na mbufe.

N'ihi na akwụkwọ igwe mpịa ngwa chọrọ akara niile na-enweghị ike na-enweghị nguzogide nguzogide nguzogide. Dabere na ọdịnaya Chromium 22%, ha nwere obodo ukwu: micronitic nke na-enye ike ka ukwuu, nguzogide na arụmọrụ-arụmọrụ.

Al6xn bụ nebisenitic nchara dị ukwuu site na nguzogide pụtara ìhè na chloride na-akwụ, corvice corrosion na nrụgide corrosion. Al6xn bụ alyy alloy 6 moly mepụtara maka ma ejiri ya rụọ ya na gburugburu ebe obibi. O nwere otutu nickel (24%), molybdenum (6.3%), nitrogen na chromium na-enye ya oke iguzogide ya chloride na chloride na-eguzogide nguzogide. A na-eji AL6XN nke ọma maka ike ya na crovice na-eguzogide na chlorides. Ọ bụ igwe anaghị agba nchara.

304 s30400 1.4301 Pinyere PPOOLS 34 nchara nchara tupu ịmalite ibu

N'ihi ihe ndị a niile, a na-eji ha eme ihe na-arịtụ aka, ihe nkwalite, ụgbọ mmiri na ngụkọta nuklia. Internal 718 Franges na-enye ohere ịgbado ọkụ na ị na-enwe ọgwụ ọkụ na ọgwụgwọ oyi na-enweghị isi.

N'otu oge ahụ, dabere na ọgwụgwọ ọkụ nke igwe anaghị agba nchara 304 cross pipe, anyị nwere ike ịme ihe ngwọta, ọgwụgwọ na-ewute mmadụ dịka mkpa nke ndị ahịa anyị nke na-akwanyere ùgwù. O dabere na elu igwe eji arụ ọrụ 304l na-aghọrọ ike, anyị nwere ike ịnye ha na ngwụcha imecha, na-egbu maramara, ma ọ bụ na-acha uhie uhie.

Flantes flantes na-enye ohere dị mfe maka nhicha, nyocha ma ọ bụ mgbanwe. Ha na-abịakarị n'ụdị gburugburu mana ha nwekwara ike ịbịa n'ụdị anọ. A na-ejikọgharị flanges ndị ọzọ site na ịkụ aka ma soronye na sistemụ piping site na ịgbanyụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-eri ma emebe ya na ogo ahụ dị iche iche; 150LB, 300LB, 400LB, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB na 2500LB.

Mpempe akwụkwọ ọla kọpa na-amị amị amị ahụ na-egbu oge ma na-ejikarị ya na-ejikarị ya mee ihe, na-ejikarị ngwa na-achọ ihe na-achọkarị ihe na-achọkarị. O meela ike na ịdị anya, ma na-eguzogide corrosion na mmiri mmiri, gụnyere oke mmiri, mmiri a na-eme ka ọ na-eme ihe.
Iji tube welded bụ nhọrọ dị ọnụ ahịa karịa maka iji ya na nrụgide dị ala, ornamental, na ngwa usoro. Fọdụ welded sizes na-eme ka ọ bụrụ 180 grit na 180 grit (yiri nke # 4), mana anyị nwere ike ịme ka ọ bụrụ omenala ndị a na-eme ka a na-enwekarị nkọwa. Ekwesịrị iji tumit na-enweghị nsogbu na ngwa nrụgide dị elu.
S31803 (ASTM F51) A na-ekwupụta nkọwa nke ukwuu site na S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Nke a na-egosi na ha ga-emeli ihe mgbochi Allonoon, ekele maka mmepe nke usoro aid na-enye ohere maka ịchịkwa njikọta. Na mgbakwunye, ọ na-ekwe ka emetụta nkọ na-enweghị ọkwa kama ịbụ naanị ịnọ dị ka ihe ndabere. Ya mere, kacha elu na-eme akara use na-achọ ime ka ọdịnaya nke Chromium (cr), molybdemum (molybdenum (m) na nitrogen (n).

ASTM A193 Grade B7 bụ nkọwapụta ihe onwunwe maka chromium-molybdemum alloy nchara maka ike, elu-okpomọkụ, na ngwa pụrụ iche. Grade B7 bụ okpomoku na-eme ọgwụgwọ Chromium molybdem alloy nchara nke 100 Ksi, ike na-awụ mkpụrụ nke 75 ksi na kachasị ike nke 35 hrc. Ngosipụta ASTM A193 na-ekpuchi maka ihe mejupụtara kemịkalụ, Njirimara arụ ọrụ, ọgwụgwọ, ọgwụgwọ na-atụ aro ndị na-egbu anụ maka klaasị B7 Speeleners. ASTM A193 Grade B7 bụ nkọwa kachasị elu maka ndị Fasteners, a na-ahụkarị na bolts ma ọ bụ ọkpọkọ, arịa nrụgide, vasves, flanges na ihe.

Polage nwere ike ịbụ efere maka ikpu ma ọ bụ mechie njedebe nke ọkpọkọ. A na-akpọ nke a. Ya mere, a na-ewere flanges dị ka ihe dị n'ime nke a na-eji eme ihe iji kwado usoro.

Akụkụ kachasị mma nke Hastrel C22 Ahịhịa osisi na-ekwu bụ na gburugburu usoro kemịkal dị iche iche, gụnyere oxidizers dị ka fercs, mmiri mmiri, na ngwọta Chloride.
Uzo nchara & rods
Alloy nchara
Vaietname
Belarus
Ihe ndị ọzọ
Nilo \ / alloy k.Nr .: 1.3981
304 \ / 304L \ / 316 \ / 316L nchara nchara
Chinese (Simplified)
\ / 5 dabere na

Na udu mmiri dị elu ọ na-enye ngagharịgharị na oxida, carburtization, na sọlị na mgbatị ahụ ike.

A maara Nickel dabere na 800 Incoloy Hexagol pipe na-enwe ezigbo nguzogide corrosion. N'ezie, ịsụ asụsụ, Incoloy 800 pipe na-enye iguzogide iguzogide carburtization abụọ ahụ yana corrosion.

316L 1.4401 s31603 nchara nchara bụ nke dị ukwuu nke ukwuu na nke na-adịgide adịgide nke ejiri na-abụkarị ihe a na-ejikarị ọtụtụ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ngwa ahịa. A na-eme ss ss s31603 site na elu dị elu 316l nchara dị iche iche na-eguzogide corrosion, oxidation na ngwakọta, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka gburugburu ya ma ọ bụ ngwa nrụgide siri ike.

Nke a na-enye nguzogide nke ukwuu na sulfuric acid. Ọ nwekwara ọdịnaya chromium dị elu, iji bulie nguzogide ya na kemịkal na-agafe agafe site na oxygen na-agbaze.

Ọdịmma Nickel na 316 SS na-enyere aka imeziwanye nguzogide ya ma e jiri ya tụnyere 304. Ya mere, ma ọ bụ n'ebe a na-abawanye na kemịkal dị elu ma ọ bụ kemịkal dị elu, karịsịa chlorides.
Uzo nchara & rods
Alloy nchara
Vaietname
Belarus
Ihe ndị ọzọ
Nilo \ / alloy k.Nr .: 1.3981
A789 enweghị s31803 na enweghị s322205 puning na-enweghị isi
Chinese (Simplified)
\ / 5 dabere na

Angel 600 Cour-Dabere na Nickel na alloy Carbuburation na nguzogide corrosion na oke okpomọkụ na oke okpomọkụ. Constil 600 Ogwe dị irè megide ihicha fl2 na ọtụtụ gas ndị ọzọ dị iche na dị nro ma dị elu. Alloy 600 Bar bụ nickel-Chromium Alloy na-enwe ezigbo nguzogide na-eguzogide ngọngọ, dị elu na-agba agba mmiri corrosion na oxidaụ acid.

Nickel Alloy 400 na monel 400, makwaara dị ka N044400, bụ Alcoy Nickel-Copper-Copper nke sitere na ọla atọ na ọla kọpa. A maara Nickel Alloy 400 maka iguzogide ụdị ọnọdụ ya, gụnyere alkalis (ma ọ bụ acid), mmiri nnu, na sulfuric acid. Ebe ọ bụ na Monel 400 ma ọ bụ alloy 400 bụ oyi na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ, Alloy nwere oke isi ike, ike na ike. Site na oyi na-arụ ọrụ ASTM B164 na-enweghị isi N04400 Bark, a na-edo onwe ya ọkwa dị elu nke nrụgide nke ọma, nke na-ebute mgbanwe na microy.

SS 316 \ / 316L \ / 316Ti gburugburu bars na mejupụtara kemịkal dịka carbon, nickel, ọla kọpa, ironium na manganese. Ejiri mkpanaka ndị a na mkpanaka ndị a dị ka njupụta, na-eweta ike, mmụba nke mgbasa, na mgbasa eletriki.
ASTM B676 N08367
Alloy nchara
Vaietname
Belarus
Ihe ndị ọzọ
Nilo \ / alloy k.Nr .: 1.3981
Na-emepụta ọkọlọtọ ASME B36.10 Asme B36.48
Chinese (Simplified)
\ / 5 dabere na
C2000 Hastelloy alloy tubeng haastellow c2000 nzuzu pic
Ogologo: dị ka ọ chọrọ. "

ASTM A316 bụ nkọwapụta ọkọlọtọ maka enweghị isi, kwụ ọtọ na-arụ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ ígwè mmiri anaghị agba nchara eji eme ihe na ngwa dị elu. A na-eme nke 316 selislọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na-enweghị atụ site na ngwakọta nke chromium, nickel, na molybdemum, nke na-enye sS 316 tube tube dị mma iguzogide corrosion na nchara.

Dinggbakwunye nickel na-agbakwunye ihe isi ike na alloy. N'otu aka ahụ, na-agbakwunye chromium na Chrome moly flanges na ịkwalite Njirimara ọrụ ndị ọzọ dị ka ike okpomọkụ, isi ike, yana iguzogide nguzogide.

Nickel Alloy Hastrely B3 na-enweghị N10675 Pipe 2.4600 na-enweghị isi ọkpọkọ nchara na ngwaahịa

A na-eme Floloy 925 Flanges na-eme nke a na-eme ka Nickel Halloy. Ọ na-enye ike nguzogide na ya¡¯s nwanne nwanyị alloy ike Incoloy 825, mana ya na ike dị ukwuu site na usoro ịgbachi usoro.

Ndị na-ekiri AISI90 dị gịrịgịrị dị larịị ụdị mgbaaka nke a na-agbanye n'etiti bolt na agbụ iji kesaa ya ibu nke eriri ahụ. Typesdị ndị na-ahụkarị 904l na-etinye ala dị larịị, kewaa mkpọchi, ụdị mmiri, taabụ, square bevelld, hexegon dị na wsher na ndị ọzọ.

Ngwọta Nickel-chromium-chromium na-agbasi mbọ ike na-eguzogide alloonion, nke nwere ezigbo ọgwụgwọ na-ekpo ọkụ, ma nwee nguzogide n'okpuru 700 "C.

N'ime ngwa niile, ụdị ngwa a na-ahụkarị bụ aro. A na-enweta mkpanaka A694 dị na dayameta dị iche iche ma enwere ike iji ya na ngwa ahụ. Usoro ụlọ ahụ gburugburu ebe enwere maka usoro oyi na-ekpo ọkụ. Ha nwere nke zuru oke ma zuo oke.

Ihe dị ala carbon na a335 nke eriri p9 square tube na-ebelata oke carbipe n'oge akụrụngwa na-eguzogide corrosion na owuwu. Ezubere carel Stad P9 Massges iji gbochie ihe ndozi (nkwonkwo ụkwụ na ihe ndị na-emebi ihe) ebe scturber mickers na gas na-enwe chlorides.

Industlọ ọrụ na-arụ ọrụ na-egbochi corrosion. Mkpa ọrụ a pụrụ ịdabere na ya na-eduga na nnabata na uto ha n'akụkụ ike, ahụike na gburugburu ebe obibi, mmanụ na gas, ọgwụ na-emepụta ihe gas na-eme mkpọtụ.

Ihe kpatara alloy ga-eme 304 igwe anaghị agba nchara 304 ma ama ama bụ na ọ na-enye ezigbo nguzogide na corrosion na ọtụtụ ndị na-ajụ eto. Nke a bụ n'ihi ọdịnaya dị elu nke Chromium eji na ngwọta nke igwe anaghị agba nchara 1.4301./-type
Asme b16.47 usoro a na-akpo nkọ pn25 TEE LOST LET LELD LELD
Molybdemum na Incoloy 925 Sting na Flanges AIDS iguzogide na-eguzogide na-efe efe na corvice corrosion Whilst na-enye nguzogide na gburugburu oxiding.
ASTM B677 enweghị n08925, enweghị N08926
A na-arịọ F1 F1 A na-arịọ arịrịọ na-arịọ arịrịọ nke ọma, a makwaara dị ka ihe nrịba, ọ na-etinye eriri na ọkpọkọ, ọ dabara na eriri dị na mpụga.
SMO 254 Pipes nwere ike iguzogide nrụgide dị elu na alloy 254 SMO pipe dị elu na-arụ ọrụ na oke okpomọkụ na gburugburu corrosive.
A na-eji tubes c2000 ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere nhazi petrochemical, usoro nhazi ngwa kemịkalụ, mmagharị mmanụ na osisi.
, TP304, TP304L, TP31L, TP31L, TP31L, TP31L, TP32, TP34, No8367, No8967, No8926
Ihe mkpuchi ASTM A105 Chefuru carbon nchara na ngwa ngwa maka ndị nchịkwa dị elu na ọnọdụ dị elu na sistemụ nrụgide
ASTM A213 TP304, TP304L, TP31L, TP31L, TP31L, TP317, TP34, TP34, No8367, Mba8927, No8926 ASTMA269TP304, TP304L, TP31L, TP31L, TP31L, TP31L, TP347, TP347, No8367, No8367, No836
Anpel 600 pipe na-eguzogide
NILO Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Mkpọsa 36® bụ Nickel 36® bụ Nickel 36® na-agbasasị na-agbasasị 36% nickel ma nwee ọnụego oke ikuku nke carbon steel.
Ubu Lao

Igwe na-agbasa na-agbasa - na-agbasa ígwè-nickel-cobalt alloys, kovar alloys, nwere usoro mgbasa ikuku nke yiri nke ahụ dị ka nke otu okpomọkụ

ASTM ASTM SB 166 alloy 600 Constel 600 Round Park N06600 Bar Nickel Nickel Bar

Ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe dika ihe di nma

S32750 S32760 Super Duplexclex na-enweghị mmiri ọkpọkọ ma dị iche iche na-arụ ọrụ

Mpempe akwụkwọ nụ nchara 304 bụ pọmpụ ọla na-acha nchara nke chrititic steel nke nwere 18% Chromium na 8% nickel na nchịkọta. . Nkọwapụta maka pipes dị ka A312 na A358 na nkọwapụta ASTM. Akụkụ akụkụ dị ka ASTM si dị, ASME na API. Enwere welded na ss pipe yana ngwa ngwa eletrik welded pipes

Nickel 200 Fanges 200 flanges na-adịgide adịgide, ọnọdụ dị iche iche, ma nwee mmezu dị mma. Ọzọkwa, ASTM B564 na-enweghị isi n02200 flassion na-eguzogide corrosion na gburugburu oxiding na optinaiti na oxidizing gburugburu, na-eme ka ha zuo oke maka iji ngwa nri.

Ezubere flanges ndị a iji gbasoo ụkpụrụ mba ụwa na nkọwapụta mba ụwa. Monel R405 na-enye ihe dị ka Nickel na-eguzogide nrụgide na ọnọdụ ọrụ dị elu na nke dị ala n'ihi ikike dị elu karịa ka edobere ya.
ASTM B676 N08367
Alloy nchara
Vaietname
Belarus
Ihe ndị ọzọ
Nilo \ / alloy k.Nr .: 1.3981
Na-emepụta ọkọlọtọ ASME B36.10 Asme B36.48
Chinese (Simplified)
\ / 5 dabere na
C2000 Hastelloy alloy tubeng haastellow c2000 nzuzu pic
PARR 36 O O OD: 0.2-6mm, wT: 0.02-2mm