kaboni shael

Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimakhala ndi zochulukirapo za kaboni poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Zinthu zambiri za mpweya wa ma carbon zimapatsa chitsulo cha kaboni. Ngakhale zinthu zotsika kaboni ndizofooka, zowonjezera zimakhala ndi dazikisility komanso kulimba. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi makina abwino, okoma mtima komanso owoneka bwino. Ndiwotsika mtengo kwambiri kuti atuluke, monga ndi chitsulo cha kaboni.

Maphunzirowa amasulidwa amatha kusungunuka ndi zinthu zomwe zimawonjezeredwa pakukumana ndi zofunikira zapautumiki, komanso zowona kuti mndandanda wa maginito 300 ndi osagwirizana kwenikweni kuposa mndandanda wa 300.

Zowawa ndi m'mbali mwa zakunja kapena zamkati (milomo), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu, monga ma cute achitsulo, monga mitanda; kapena kulumikizidwa ndi zigawo zina, monga zomangira pamapeto a zomangira, mitengo ya steam, etc., kapena kuti mandala a kamera; kapena galimoto yama njanji kapena tram ma whem. Chifukwa chake gudumu lodzikongoletsera ndi gudumu lokhala ndi chofunda mbali imodzi kuti muchepetse gudumu kuti lisame panjirayo. Mawu akuti "Flange" nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza mawonekedwe a chida cha zida. Mapaipi odzikonda amatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikuchotsedwa mwachangu.

Masamba a kaboni amatha kuphatikizira zitsulo zosagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimakhala chopangidwa ndi chitsulo chochepa cha kaboni kapena chotsika cha kaboni, chifukwa chimakhala cholimba kwambiri komanso kulimba mtima, koma sizophweka kupsa mtima. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamapulogalamu ambiri okhala ndi mtengo wotsika ndi zida.

Zithunzi zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi kaboni zimapangidwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana za kaboni, koma onse ali amphamvu ndipo amakhala ndi vuto lalikulu komanso kung'ambika kuti agwiritse ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ma flanges amatha kukula kuchokera? " mpaka 48 "OD. Gawo lachitsulo izi limapezeka ndi lathyathyathya, loleredwa ndi mtundu wa mphete zolumikizidwa.

Carbon Steal zopangidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikiza ziwalo monga zipamba, mapampu ndi mavalo kuti apange machitidwe a Prog. Nthawi zambiri ophatikizidwa ndi chitoliro kapena chojambulidwa pa chitoliro cholumikizidwa chimatha kenako ndikukhomedwa limodzi. Kuti mulumikizane, umawombedwa pa chitoliro kapena cholumikizidwa ndi chipika chopindika kenako ndikukhomedwa.

A105 ma flanges ndi magawo owoneka bwino, omwe amafala kwambiri muipi. Zithunzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito awiriawiri ndikufananizidwa ndi mavalidwe. M'mapaipi a Piiperine, zopondera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamayendedwe olumikizira. M'mapaipi omwe amafunikira kulumikizidwa, ma flanges amatha kuyikidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kulumikiza kwa waya kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makiyi othamanga, ndipo ma flanger flanges angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazitsikiro pamwamba 4 kg. Onjezani oswa pakati pamalingaliro awiriwo, kenako ndikulimbika ndi ma balts.

Zithunzi zodziwika bwino kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitoliro ndi motere, m'makalasi a kaboni, a-105 (mpaka 1000 * f katenthedwe kutentha kwambiri). A-350 LF2 Girediti, (yogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kochepa).

Muyezo wakhazikitsidwa kwa Astherm A694 wotchuka kwambiri kuposa awiriwo pamwambapa. Imakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakutumiza madzi ambiri kumayiko ena mu mafuta ndi mafuta. Chifukwa cha zingwe za magiredi achitsulo, opanga amayenera kukulitsa kutentha kochepa komanso kutentha kwambiri kwachitsulo. Maphunziro onse a A694 ali ndi mphamvu zochepa.

ASTM A350 (Sa350) LF2 - Kutentha kochepa kutentha, kalasi yachitsulo ya carbon imapangidwa kuti azikhala otsika kutentha komanso kukhala ofanana ndi Astme A105N) Giredi. Kalasi iyi imafuna kuyesedwa kokweza ndipo ndi yoyenera mafakitale ambiri.

Chipatulo chimalumikizana mapaipi ndi zinthu zomwe zili mu dongosolo lopukutira pogwiritsa ntchito kulumikizana ndi magesi. Zovala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndizomwe zimayenda bwino, zotsekemera, ma flanges akhungu, kuwotcha ulusi kumalumikizana, ulusi wowiringa ndi zolumikizira. Mtundu wamtunduwu mu chitoliro umathandizira swassembly ndi kulumikizidwa kwa ntchito ndi kukonza nthawi zonse. Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala masoni B16.5 \ / asme B16.5.

Mitengo yamiyala ya carbon steel yopanda kanthu ndiopindulitsa kwambiri kuposa ma flanges wamba chifukwa cha malo opangira makhosi opezeka pakhosi. Mantha ndi zigawo zomwe zimaphatikizira mapaipi ndi mapaipi kwa wina ndi mzake ndikumatha. Pali mabowo m'makola, ndipo ma bolts amapanga ma flanges awiri olumikizidwa. Ma flanges amasindikizidwa ndi ma gaskets. Milandu imagawidwa kukhala yolumikizidwa ndi yolumikizidwa.

Zitsulo zachitsulo zopangira ma carbors zimapangidwa ndi zomwe zidapangidwa ndi mpweya. Maphunziro obiriwira a kaboni anali ndi mphamvu zapadera komanso amasindikizira. Zosintha zosiyanasiyana zitha kuwonjezeredwa kwa ma flanges awa kuti athe kukonza magwiridwe awo.

Mitundu yachitsulo imapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni. Amabwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso osiyanasiyana. Onse ali ndi vuto lalitali komanso kulimba kwambiri. Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimapezeka ku Astm A105, A350 LF2, A694 F2, F46 ndi ena ambiri. Matenda a flange amasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku ANSI B16.5, 16.47 7.47 7.47 7.4.47 mndandanda wa miyezo ya mayiko, asme, Asme, ANA ndi ANA ndi ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA NDI ANA

Malinga ndi kuzungulira kwa opanga, zopangidwa zopangidwa zimakhala ndi mfundo zina zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa katekeseka. Njira zopangira ndikugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo za kaboni zitayala zimapereka lingaliro lina la ntchito. Lingaliro lalikulu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yolimbitsa thupi ya chitsulo chamoto.

Zowawa izi ndizotchuka pam mphete zawo zazitali; Malekezero awo amathandizidwa pansi pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya omwe aphatikizidwa. Tsambali lamkati la chubu ndi ofanana ndi achangu. Ichi ndi choyenera cha WP11 ndi chokhazikika chokhazikika chokhala ndi mikangano yaying'ono kapena ayi mu gasi kapena madzi oyenda kudzera. Khungu, kusintha kosalala kwa makulidwe omwewo, perekani choyaka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi kwambiri.

Nthawi zambiri, zolankhula za kaboni zachitsulo za kaboni zimatsika kuposa zasungunuke. Samakonda kwambiri. Ndiwothwa komanso kuwala bwino pomanga, ndipo zosemphana ndi zosemedwa zimakhala ndi zopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Njira zongongoletsera zosayenera nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa zipatso zotakasuka kapena zosakhazikika; Kuumitsa ming'alu ndi kukhululukidwa kumakhala kwakutali kuposa kuponyedwa kumachitika.

Ntchito zachitsulo zowoneka bwino komanso zopindika zam'mawa zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Miyezo yodziwika bwino imakhala ndi Astme A694, Astm A105N (Sa105N), MS SP-44, DEG 2533.

Mitundu ya carbon carbon imakhala ndi zokhudzana ndi kaboni pamtunda wa 0,25% ndi 0,60%. Zitsulo izi zimatha kutentha kuthandizidwa ndi kukopa komanso kuchita pambuyo pake kusangalatsa kukonza makina awo. Kutentha kunathandizidwa ndi mpweya wa kaboni kaboni kaboni kaboni kaboni kwambiri ndi kuthetseratu komanso kuwunika bwino. Ali ndi mphamvu zabwino ndipo amatha kuumitsidwa ndi kuzimitsa.

Monga momwe zinthu za kaboni zimachulukirachulukira, zitsulo zimayamba kuzimitsa kutentha. M'malo mwake, maudindo ake amachepetsedwa. Kapurbor carbon amachepetsa kuyang'aniridwa kutentha ngati kutentha.

Chipatoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni chimagwira ntchito bwino pamatenthedwe otsika, pogwiritsa ntchito zida zapamwamba kwambiri komanso ukadaulo wapamwamba. Ma flanges awa amapangidwa kukhala asme, asthem, ani, ani ndi zochulukirapo malinga ndi miyezo yadziko komanso mayiko. Makina owumitsa mikate owuma a carthange ndi pomwe chitsulo ndikuchiritsa chitsulo chimalimbitsa ndi kuumitsa. Zogulitsa zimakhala ndi zabwino, kulimba ndi makina.

ASTM A105 Steel Grass ndizinthu wamba zopangidwa ndi kaboni zopangidwa (kaboni) zokhala ndi chitsulo), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ambiri pokakamizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri. Izi ndizokhazikika, mtengo wotsika ndipo sizovuta kusweka. Ngati mukugwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina osapanga dzimbiri, mphete za kumapeto kwake ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mantha amapezeka m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya carbon kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Zowonjezera za kaboni, mphamvu zawo ndi ntchito. Makina owiritsa a Universal amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosavuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso kutentha komwe kumayambitsa.

Ziribe kanthu kuti ndi njira yanji ya masipu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu malo anu, zopondera ndi gawo lofunikira m'dongosolo. Monga njira yolumikizira ma valve, mapampu, mapaipi ndi mitundu ina ya zida, ma flanges nthawi zambiri amakhala opindika kapena owala. Malumikizidwe oyaka amatha kupangidwa ndi kuwomba ma flanges awiri pamodzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pakati pawo, ndikupanga chidindo.

A-694 maphunziro, F42 mpaka F70 (yogwiritsira ntchito voliyumu). Chifukwa cha mphamvu zazikulu za nkhaniyi, mupeza bwino kwambiri muutumiki wa Supumbing. Alloy Steel Kutalika ali ndi chromium ndi molybdenum zomwe zili mkati mwa maboni otayika ndikupangidwira kutentha kwambiri (zoposa 1000 * f), ntchito yayikulu. Amakhalanso ndi kukana kwapamwamba kuposa ma carbon stemes chifukwa cha zinthu zawo zapamwamba.

Zitsulo zachitsulo zowoneka bwino zimakhala zolimba, zotsika mtengo, komanso zosalimbana ndi kuvala. Kuphatikiza pa zinthu, asme B16.5 CS kumapiri kumangokhala okhwima komanso okhazikika pambuyo pa kutentha kwa kutentha. Pakakhala chithandizo chotentha, kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumachepetsa uddom.

Mphamvu ya mbalame zazikazi zazitsulo zimaphatikizapo kulimba kwambiri, mphamvu zazikulu kwambiri, kuvala kukana, komanso kuthekera pang'ono. Zida za kaboni zimachokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana komanso mphamvu zake. Mphamvu ya tansile ili mu mtundu wa 485 MPA yochepera insile mphamvu ndi 250 MPA zochepa mphamvu. Flanges A ANI B16.5 Kalasi 150 ndi njira yovuta kwambiri ya B16.5 Starges.

Carbon Steel Flange ndi mtundu wa Rim wopangidwa kumapeto kwa chitoliro pomwe itakhazikika pa chitoliro. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito posindikiza malekezero a mapaipi, mavuvu kapena kulumikizana kwina. Ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ndipo imapezeka ndi contvex pamalo ndikuthandizira kukhazikitsa kosavuta. Ndi chisoti chachitsulo chomwe chili ndi 2.1 wt.% Kaboni. Zitsulo zachitsulo zimakhala ndi magawo ochepa othokoza, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi manganese.

Ndioyenera madzi okhala ndi zovuta zochepa kapena ndi chiopsezo chochepa chothana. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokakamiza mizere yotsika mpweya, mizere yamadzi, mizere yamadzi yamoto ndi mizere yamadzi ndi mizere ya zinthu monga nthunzi, chemekeza, mafuta ndi mpweya. Itha kupangidwa kuchokera ku chitsulo chobwezeredwa kapena namwali kapena kuphatikiza kwa iwo.

Kutengera ndi kukula kwake, zowoneka bwino? " mpaka 48 "ndikukakamiza mabatani kuchokera ku 150 mpaka 2500. Kutentha kochepa kwa ma carbon zitsulo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamoto ndi mpweya, mafuta, madzi, mafakitale ndi mafakitale ena.