Inconel 625 inorema bhaisikopo neyakakurisa makatikati queousction kupesana

301 ASTM a358 TP304 sarudzo yakakura yeGeneral Stainless Simbi Inoshanda yakadai sekicheni uye yekuchengetera zvidzitiro, midziyo yekuvaka, midziyo yekuvandudza, mimwe michina inosanganisira nzvimbo dzakangwara dzemvura.

Kurumidza c276 kutenderera musoro bolts nickel-molybdenum-chromium-tungsten alloy bolts
Kurumidzai X pombi inokotama inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune akasiyana emakemikari ekugadzirisa zvikamu, kusanganisira madziva, pyrolysis tubing, uye muffles nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kwekunetseka.
\ / 5 zvichienderana

Asme din jis land

Kurwisa kune akasiyana siyana ezvinyorwa zvinokatyamadza. Iyo Chromium yezvinyorwa inopa kupokana kuri nani pane alloy 200 uye 201 pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu oxidizing, panguva imwe chete iyo iyo yakakwira iyo Nickel inopa kupokana nekudzora mamiriro ezvinhu.

Iyo unt s31254 weld mutsipa flange inosarudzwa muWelding application. Aya maFlanges anogona kubata pombi munzvimbo panguva yeWelding. Izvo zvinyorwa zvine 1390 degrees celsiusy inonyungudika pfungwa kuitira kuti igone kushandiswa mukudziya kwakanyanya uye nekudzvinyirira kwakanyanya kwechizvarwa, kupisa kwetsinheni, boiler uye petrochemical industrial application.

Kurumidza c22 kune zvakanaka kuwanda uye kuramba ku chloride-kukonzeresa kukurumidza kukurumidza? 22? Alloy (unt n06022) is a nickel-chromium-chrromini-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum C22 ine yakakwira chromium yezvinyorwa uye inodzivirira kune oxidation kupfuura c-276 alloy.

Iyo yakashambidzwa kabhoni simbi inobva yakamisikidzwa mune yakarongedzwa simbi yakakodzera. Carbon Steel Astm a105 Fittings inoshandiswa kune ambient- uye yepamusoro-tembiricha yekushandisa mukumanikidza masisitimu.

Nilo Alloy 36, WMR 1.3912, Invar 36® is a nickel-iron

Mafirendi anoitwa mumhando dzakasiyana dzemunhu. Mhando dzechiso dzakasangana sepamhepo kumeso, rakasimudzwa kumeso uye mhete yemhando. The SA182 F55 rtj Flange ine mhete mhando yekubatana. Iyo flange inogadziriswa mune maviri hafu.

316L 1.4401 S31603 Stainless Steel pombi inzvimbo inoverengeka uye yekubhadhara pombi inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa maindasitiri uye dzekutengesa. Iyi SS uns s31603 pombi inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira mhando 316l simbi simbi ine simba rakanakisa kuCorrosion, oxidation uye yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera nharaunda dzakaoma kana dzakanyanya kushushikana.

Nickel-Conver-based Alloy 400 Mazoni 2.4360 Cold Dy Dhizaina Immuney Immuney Hurlis-Corros Interness yekunetseka painenge ichisimbisa midhiya mune yakajairana nenhamba. Monil 400 is a copper uye nickel yakavakirwa alloy iyo inozivikanwa nhasi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanyanya. Iyo Alloy ine yakanaka acid uye alkali kuramba. Mukuwedzera, ine simba rakanaka rakafanana, ductility, dhiziri rakanaka, uye rinogona kuomeswa nebasa rinotonhora. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushandiswa mune zvekushandisa nekupisa kubva kuIns kusvika ku533 degrees Celsius.

Pakati pekarin bark bolts, anchor bolts, screws, screws, nzungu uye kuzvidza zviyero zvine pakati pe0,25 - 1.60 - 1.65% manganese nehuremu. Iyo manhamba emakekisi eaya ma studs anovandudzwa nekushambidza kupisa.
Incoloy 926 Stainless Steel Flange Acero 926 Brida

Iyo yakadzika carbon zvirimo zve304 \ / 304l Stainless Simbi inogumisa kuumbwa kwekukuvara kwakawanda zvekushandisa zvakaringana manhamba ezvivakwa, uye tembiricha yebasa inogumira 800¡¡¡. Kuomarara uye kusimba kwakasimba kunogona kuwedzerwa nebasa rinotonhora, izvo zvinogona kutungamira kumagineti zvishoma.

316 LAB YAKABONESA FLAND ndiyo mhando yeFlange iyo inowanzo shandiswa muPIPing Systems. SS LPJ Flange yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza mapepa maviri kana mafungidziro pamwe nekunyora maruva uye obva avasungira pamwechete. 316 LAST Joint Pipe Flanges inoshandiswa mukushandiswa mune kudiwa kweimwe nguva dissum disking nekereke yeiyo pombi system, semuenzaniso, kubvisa vharuvhu kana pombi.

Unt n08367 zvinowanzoitika seyakajairika al6xn is a lowl kabhoni, yekunyora "

Alloy Steel Pipe & Tube
Din127 chitubu Washer
Nickel yakavakirwa 800 incoloy hexagonal pombi inozivikanwa kuti uve nekudzikisira kwakanaka kuora. Kunyanya kutaura, iyo incocoy 800 pombi inopa kudzikisira kwakaringana kurwisa carburization pamwe ne oxidation corrosion.
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "~ 48

Stainless Simbi Fasteners
ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate is a duplex stainless simbi simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emakemikari akadai sekuongorora kwemakemikari, kuongorora kwegasi, uye muinjiniya ekumaini. SA 240 GR 2205 pepa rinogadzirwa kubva kuGrade 2205 Simbi isina simbi, iyo iri musanganiswa wesimbi uye autenitic simbi.

Izvo zvinokwanisa kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita oxidizing uye zvisiri-oxidizing makemikari, uye zvinoratidzira kuramba kwakanyanya kudzikisira uye kurwiswa kwechikepe pamberi pehuku uye kumwe kudziya.

Inconel 800, 800H uye 800ht is nickel-simbi-chromium alloys ine simba rakanaka uye yakanaka ngura uye carburization kurwisa kupisa kwakanyanya. Mhando idzi dzeNickel Simbi Alloys zvakafanana kunze kwekuti 800h Alloy ine yakakwira kabhoni zvemukati, uye nezve 1.20% Aluminium uye titanium inowedzerwa kune iyo 800ht Alloy.

Iyo 304 \ / 304l Giredhi yeAustenitic Chromium-nickel Stainless Steel Tubes uye mapaipi ndivo vakashandiswa zvakanyanya uye vakashandiswa zvakanyanya kubaya zvigadzirwa zvigadzirwa. Type 304 \ / 304l Stainless Simbi iSimbi Yakanyanya Chesimbi Iyo Inoratidzira Yakanakisa Corrosion Kudzivisa Kudzvinyirira.

Nickel Alloy 400 uye Monil 400, inozivikanwawo seMunyuti N04400, iri DUCTICE ANICEL-BEPHER AllEY INYKEL NYKEL uye yechitatu-yechitatu yengozi. Nickel Alloy 400 inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvinhu akaora, kusanganisira Alkalis (kana acids), mvura yemunyu, hydrofluor acid, uye sulfuric acid. Sezvo Monil 400 kana Alloy 400 isimbi inotonhora yakashanda, uyu mutero ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara nesimba. Nekutonhora

Izvi zvinopa zvakanyatsosimbiswa kuramba kuSulfutic acid. Iyo ine zvakare yakakwira zvemukati, kuti uwedzere kupokana ne oxidizing makemikari uye maitiro ehova dzakasvibiswa neFerric ion uye yakanyungudika oksijeni.

Incoloy 800h Flange isu tine mukurumbira akasimba muindasitiri yekugadzira yakakwirira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Senge Austenitic naNickel-based Alloy, Alloy 926 nzungu pane Ductle pamusoro peiyo tembiricha yekudziya kubva kune dzinodziya tembiricha kusvika kuGelrees Fahrenheit (533 degrees celsius). Machina anowanzoitika kune vaNickel-based-alloy madhiri mazana mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemashanu anogona kugadzirwa nyore uye akaumbwa uchishandisa maitiro akasiyana.

Inconel 6 00 ROPT Bar ndeye Nickel-yakavakirwa Alloy ine benign carburization uye yakanakisa corroson kuramba pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha. Inconel 600 matende ezvipfuyo zvinoshanda kupesana nekuomesa cl2 uye mamwe mamwe matsime akasiyana pakupisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Alloy 600 bar is a nickel-chromium acloy ine zvakanaka oxidation kupokana uye kuramba kuChroride yekudzvinyirira yekushambadzira, yakanyanya kuchena kwemvura corroson uye acid oxidation pakudziya kwakasimudzwa.

Giredhi 1 Alloy Simbi ndiro ine yakanyanya kurwisa kupesana, asi iri kuwedzera kudhura. Yedu Alloy Simbi zvigadzirwa inozivikanwa pasi rese nekuda kwekuvimbika kwavo uye kunaka.

Pakati pekarin bark bolts, anchor bolts, screws, screws, nzungu uye kuzvidza zviyero zvine pakati pe0,25 - 1.60 - 1.65% manganese nehuremu. Iyo manhamba emakekisi eaya ma studs anovandudzwa nekushambidza kupisa.

Inconel mazana matanhatu emasaini emasumbo extucum yetube of standard unt n06600 uye ASTM

Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa mari inowanzo shandiswa mukunyorwa-tembiricha zvakakura senge erispace uye gasi turbines. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweASTM B670 Inconel 718 Sheet ndiyo ndiro iri rolling maitiro. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurasiti 718 mahwendefa anowanikwa pamusika: kupisa kwakapetwa uye kutonhora zvakapetwa mahwendefa.

Inconel 800 inotenderera bar isimbi, nickel uye chromium yakavakirwa acloy. Iyi inconel 800h inotenderera-inotenderera-inotenderera inotenderera inozivikanwa nekuda kwesimba rine mwero, yakanaka oxidation uye carbelization kuramba, uye kuita kwekushisa kwakakwirira.

Nekuda kwekushandiswa kwayo, maindasitiri ekuwanda anoshandisa Alloy 625 kusanganisira nyukireya simba kugadzirwa, marine \

904l isina tsvina ndiyo yakajairika yeiyo ¡° 4% molybdenum¡± alloys. Yakagadzirirwa kuve inosimudzira kusvika 316L uye Alloy 20 isina kuendesa mari yemutengesi C276. 904l stainless yakakundwa mukuzivikanwa ne ¡° 6% molybdenum¡± alloys yakadai saAl6xn? Kuwanika kwayo muBarton Bar kunogumira kune metric saizi mune 5mm kuwedzera. Nekuda kweizvozvo, inch-saizi diamita-yakatorwa mabhebhi anodhura kuti agadzire.

Yakagadziriswa-Kuwedzera Girazi-Yakacheneswa Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, gadzira mutsara wekuwedzera anowedzera kufanana neiyo yegirazi rakaoma mukati meimwe tembiricha yekupisa

Nickel Alloy Incoloy Seamless Pipe Tube Mutengo 800 800H 800ht N08800 N08810 N08811

Iyo inoratidza kupokana kwakanaka kune vasina kwavakarerekera uye kuderedza nharaunda. Aya maitiro aya anogadzira iyo ine mhuru, yefirimu rinodzivirira risingabvumirwe, asi rinochengetedza oxidation kupokana nekunyanyisa kupisa.
Alloy Steel Flanges
www.wemuporn.com
Alloy Simbi
Azerbaijani
Carbon simbi nzungu
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Yakaverengerwa Mugumo, Kupera Kwena
Simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils
Astm Asme SB 164 Monel 400 inotenderera Bar Un N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Saizi din £ ºstud bolt £ ºm6 ~ m100 £ ¬hex bolt £ ºm6 ~ m64

ASTM A193 B7 ndiyo yakajairwa yezvinhu zvimiro zvechromium-molybdenum alolly simbi yekuzvimirira kweiyo yepamusoro-simba, yakakwirira-tembiricha, uye yakakosha-chinangwa. Giredhi B7 ndeyekupisa kwerromium molybdenum Alloy simbi ine zvishoma zviyero zvegumi zve10 Iyo ASTM A193 Spection inovhara zvinodiwa zvemakemikari, michina yezvivakwa, kuomarara, kurapa kwekupisa, uye zvakakurudzira washers for Clashers B7 Forshers B7 Forners B7 Forners B7 Forthers. ASTM A193 B7 ndiyo yakawedzera kutaurwa kweZvimedu, zvinowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhodhi kana mapaipi, midziyo, mavhavha, macves, macves, macves, macves, macves, malanges uye flang.

Type 321 Stainless Simbi ndeye Austenitic Stainless Simbi Simbi. Iyo ine zvakawanda zvehunhu hwakafanana hwemhando 304, kunze kweiyo yepamusoro danho reTitanium uye kabhoni. Type 321 inopa machira esimbi akarongeka corrosion uye oxidation kuramba, uye nekuomarara kwakanaka kwazvo kune tygenic tembiricha.
ASTM ASME SB 166 Alloy 600 incavel 600 inotenderera Bar unt n06600 bar Nickel Alloy Bar
Mapepa ePepa reApple ane yepamusoro-yepamusoro-kubereka kugona uye simba pamusoro pemamwe mamakisi.
Iyo Corrosion inodzivirira nekukurumidza Alloys inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri emakemikari ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kudikanwa kwekuita kwakavimbika kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwavo uye kukura munzvimbo dzesimba, hutano uye nemafuta uye gasi uye firmace fashformation maindasitiri.
Kiyagizi

Monil K500 PIPE BEB uye BELBOW NEMAHARA NEMAHARA uye CORRISION FATTE RESTANCE

HT pombi ndeyechiva, sillvery ine ruvara simbi ine huwandu hwe1.5 ppm mukuputika kwepasi. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, zvinoratidza kufanana neTungsten neiyo iyo inowanzove yakavezwa munhau yekuchinja mune tafura yemapato, asi makemikari avo anowanzo kuratidza mutsauko wakasiyana pane ungatarisirwa.

ASTM A193 B7 ndiyo yakajairwa yezvinhu zvimiro zvechromium-molybdenum alolly simbi yekuzvimirira kweiyo yepamusoro-simba, yakakwirira-tembiricha, uye yakakosha-chinangwa. Giredhi B7 ndeyekupisa kwerromium molybdenum Alloy simbi ine zvishoma zviyero zvegumi zve10 Iyo ASTM A193 Spection inovhara zvinodiwa zvemakemikari, michina yezvivakwa, kuomarara, kurapa kwekupisa, uye zvakakurudzira washers for Clashers B7 Forshers B7 Forners B7 Forners B7 Forthers. ASTM A193 B7 ndiyo yakawedzera kutaurwa kweZvimedu, zvinowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhodhi kana mapaipi, midziyo, mavhavha, macves, macves, macves, macves, macves, malanges uye flang.

200 Nickel Alloy Bofu Lisks the Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akagadzikana akagadzikana, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.

Copper-nickel flanges ine refu tapered hub iyo zvishoma nezvishoma inowedzera kuburikidza nemadziro ukobvu kubva pombi kana yakakodzera. Inopa zvinhu zvakakosha zvekusimbisa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana zvinosanganisira kudzvinyirira kwakanyanya, subzero uye \ / kana kupisa kwakanyanya.

ASME B36.19M ndiyo yakatarwa yetsvina yetsvina, inotsanangura zviyero, kushivirira, uye zvinodiwa nezvikumbiro zvemubayiro miviri uye zvisina maaipi.

Al6xn is SuperAdyaTic STOLLess STOL isina simba rekupokana ku chloride pomber, crevic corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion kupaza. Al6xn ndeye 6 moly Alloy iyo yakagadziriswa uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa kwazvo. Iyo ine yakakwira nickel (24%), molybdenamu (6.3%), nitrogen uye zvirimo zvirimo zvinopa kupokana kushamisira, Al6xn inonyanya kushandiswa kune yayo yakavandudzwa pombi uye crevice corrosion kuramba mu chlorides. Iyo inzvimbo inoyevedza uye inotyisa isina simba.

Iyo 316 isina mbiya yesimbi yave iri chinhu chakakosha chekereke yeindasitiri. Uku kuwanda kwesimbi uye chrome kunozivikanwa nekukanganisika kwakakura kuonga, pamwe nekuimba kwaro. "

A789 unt s31803 uye unt S.2205205 ​​makumi maviri emakiredhi eDuplex Spainless Simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Idzi duplex s3118803 mapepa asina masevedza anozivikanwa nekukora kwavo kwakanyanya kupesana, simba rakanyanya, uye rakanaka kwazvo. A789 ndeyekutaura iyo inovhara masapu uye yakavezwa mabhebhu yakagadzirwa kubva kuDuplex Spainless Simbi.
Alloy Steel Flanges
www.wemuporn.com
Alloy Simbi
Azerbaijani
Carbon simbi nzungu
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Yakaverengerwa Mugumo, Kupera Kwena
Simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils
Astm Asme SB 164 Monel 400 inotenderera Bar Un N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.40

Kurumidza kuC2000 kunowanikwa mune dzakasiyana-siyana saizi uye gobvu, rudzi urwu rwechromini-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum

Special Stainless Steel Alloy 926 incavel 926 1.4529 Stud Bolt Full tambo Din976

304 Simbi isina tsvina ndiyo yakajairika simbi isina tsvina. Simbi ine ese chrromium (pakati pegumi neshanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana) uye nickel (pakati pe8% uye 10.5%) [1] simbi simbi isiri-simbi. Iyo inzvimbo yeAustenitic yesimbi.Akashandisa, SS304 inoshandiswawo kugadzira midziyo yekumanikidza, vhiri inovhara pamwe nekuvaka maficha.

S.2750 S32760 Super Dupplex Stainless Simbi Mapipi ane Akanaka Pipping Potting Potting Romsance

ASTM A335 P91 Alloy Steel pombi uye High Pressure Boiler tube ndidzo mbiri dzakasiyana dzinowanikwa, huwandu hunoenderana nesaizi, izvo zvinongoenderana nekushandisa. Hurefu urefu huchave hydrosticall yakaedzwa uye isiri-inoparadzirwa yakaedzwa kuti isarudze.
Alloy Steel Flanges
www.wemuporn.com
Alloy Simbi
Azerbaijani
Carbon simbi nzungu
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Yakaverengerwa Mugumo, Kupera Kwena
Simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils
Astm Asme SB 164 Monel 400 inotenderera Bar Un N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.32

Chaizvoizvo Chishandiso cheMazisi K500 izvo zvinoda mukana wesimba rakakwirira uye kupokana kwerump shafts, proller shafts Izvo zvinonyanya kuvezwa chaizvo pombigal pombi mumaruva emarine nekuda kwesimba rayo rakakwira uye rakaderera cate mukodhi yakakwira muElourity seawater.
Alloy Steel Flanges
www.wemuporn.com
Alloy Simbi
Azerbaijani
Carbon simbi nzungu
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Yakaverengerwa Mugumo, Kupera Kwena
Simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils
Astm Asme SB 164 Monel 400 inotenderera Bar Un N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.20

Mapuro 254 mapepa anogona kutsungirira kushushikana kwakakwirira uye alloy 254 sm

Kurumidza c2000 machubhu anoshandiswa mune yakawedzera huwandu hweshanduru yekusanganisira petrochemical kugadziriswa, makemikari ekugadzirisa michina kugadzira, mafuta enyeredzi uye zvidyarwa zvemafuta.

Alloy 800 is a Nickel-simbi-Chromium Alloy ine simba rakanyanya uye rakanyanya kupokana ne oxidation uye corrosion pakupisa kwakanyanya. ASTM b407 uns n08800 incoloy 800 W. nr. 1.4876 Yakatemwa Pombi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvekuvakwa kwemidziyo inoda kuramba kupokana, kupisa kupesana, simba, uye kugadzikana kwebasa kusvika 1500 ° F (816 ° C).
Alloy Steel Flanges
www.wemuporn.com
Alloy Simbi
Azerbaijani
Carbon simbi nzungu
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Yakaverengerwa Mugumo, Kupera Kwena
Simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils
Astm Asme SB 164 Monel 400 inotenderera Bar Un N04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Din £ ºdin931 hex bolt ine chikamu chechidimbu

Alloy Steel pombi yakagadzirwa nesimbi base. Iyo ine yakazara auternite chimiro uye ine yakanaka corrosion kuramba kune dzakasiyana siyana dzinoenderana midhiya. Iyi pombi uye machubhu ndiyo yakanyanya mutengo-inoshanda sarudzo yekunyorera-nguva refu.

Yakakwira Chromium, Molybdenum uye nitrogen yezvinyorwa zvinopa mukudzikisira kwakaenzana nhamba (40, kupa zvakakwirira kudzikisira kugona kuAustenitic uye duplex stainly media, uye tembiriro rakadzora kupfuura 50¡¡¡.

304 Kupwanya mahwendefa kunoitwa makumi matatu nemashanu simbi, zvinhu zvakajairika uye zvakakurumbira muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zveindasitiri izvo zvinoda kuramba kupokana neoxdion uye oxidation. Aya maS30400 kupaza mahwende ekupaza anogadzirira uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwemachina uye maitiro, ayo anoona kuti vakanyatsojeka uye vakavimbika.