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Nickel Alloy Mololoy 800 800ht 800ht Pipe iyo Tube N08800 N08810 N08811

800 \ / 800h \ / 800ht Fasalka Folfs waxay leeyihiin guryo gaar ah oo gaar ah iyo astaamo ka dhiga tuubooyin iyo tuubooyin xitaa wax ka dalba. Iyada oo ah soo-saare iyo alaab-qeybiye alaabooyin noocaas ah, waxaan hubineynaa in dhammaan badeecadeena loo soo saaray iyadoo loo eegayo baahiyaha iyo baahiyaha macaamiisheena. Sidaa daraadeed, waxaan u isticmaalnaa alaabo ceeriin ah oo tayo sare leh oo si fiican loo tijaabiyey oo loo isticmaalo iyadoo la raacayo heerarka tayada caalamiga ah. Iyadoo, tikniyoolajiyadda casriga ah iyo aaladaha ugu dambaysa ee loo isticmaali karo in lagu abuuro tuubooyin iyo tuubooyin cabir wanaagsan iyo dherer.

Nala soo xiriir Qiimaha hel

La wadaag:

Hore:

Pipe 6mm N06601

Xiga:

90 Dabool oo shahwad ah oo ah yoly bisk subow subow steel ppes pittings-ka 800

Qanacsan

ASTM B407 Amn N08800 Incoloy 800 oo Weelka Pperi-ka ah,Qalabka kaydinta, Ding 1.4876 Tuubbada Senew, Amn Tuboloy Pipes Desers-ka, DING TUBES, TUBING TUBING, ISOLY TUBING 800 TUSES Peage Amiirka Shiinaha.

Faa'iidada loo adeegsado Iskuulka Incholoy 800 tuubooyinku waa deganaanshaheeda heerkulka sare. Iromium-ka aan-iromium-ka-impromium-ka ayaa hayn kara mikratrunt-ka austinitic michutrurerePipe-ka goldes-ka 800in lagu soo bandhigo heerkulka sare. Sida ku xusan tilmaanta ASTM B407, kuwaas oo ah 800 tuubooyin ayaa ah 15 daqiiqo oo heerkul ah 1800 ° F. Ka dib markii la dumiyo, Alloy 800 oo ah tuubbada aan la tolo ayaa lagu qaboojiyaa hawada.

Nickel 2011 wuxuu kudhacayaa Flaled

-Ga / -daAsme sb 407 aan badnayn n08800waxay leedahay iska caabin ka sarreysa oo lagu xannaaneeyo.ASTM B407 Amn N08800Waa ifafaale ka dhacaya warshadaha ku saleysan ee ku saleysan warshadaha ku saleysan halka isku-darka gaaska ay ku jiraan hydrocarbons ama kaarboon moono-oksaydh ah inay la xiriiraan birta kasta. Carbaanish guud ahaan waxay daciifisaa fasal badan oo bir ah waxayna saameeyaan awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay ka hortagaan labadaba oksidation iyo sulfikation labadaba, sababtuna tahay chromium of chromium ee matrix iyo sameynta carbiyada dusha sare ee tuubbada.

Alloy 800 tuubooyin aan kala go 'lahayn Waxaa loo isticmaalaa dhirta tamarta nukliyeerka iyo warshadaha saxarada ee waraaqda. Tuubbooyinkan waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa dib-u-habeynta foornooyinka uumiga ee uurka iyo sidoo kale tubbada laga soo saaray. Waxay soo saareen labadaba si aan kala go 'lahayn iyo sidoo kale foomamka welleed. WaxanWerrystoff nambarka 1.4876 tuubooyinAad ayey ugu adkaysaa xasaasiyadda, xitaa haddii Asme SB 515 ka dib Alloy Alkoy 800 oo tuubbo ah uu ku jiro jawi aashito ah. Qiyaastii 800 oo tuubbada wareega 800 oo ah tuubbo wareegsan ayaa loo isticmaalaa tiro badan oo warshado badan oo adduunka oo dhan loogu talagalay dhowr dalabyo, gaar ahaan kuwa wax ka qabta heerkulka qiyaastii 600 darajo C.

Halabuurka kiimikada ee ku saabsan gudaha Soofoloy 800 tuubooyin aan xalaal lahayn:

Ka midmo	800	800h	800ht
Ni	30-35	30-35	30-35
Da	39.5 daqiiqo	39.5 daqiiqo	39.5 daqiiqo
Cr	19-23	19-23	19-23
Cut	0.75 max	0.75 max	0.75 max
Tid	0.15-0.60	0.15-0.60	0.25-0.60
L al	0.15-0.60	0.15-0.60	0.85-1.20
J	0.1 Max	0.05-0.1	0.06-0.1
MN	1.5 max	1.5 max	1.5 max
S	0.015 max	0.015 max	0.015 max
Si	1.0 max	1.0 max	1.0 max

800 tuubooyin Weerar ah farsamo ahaan & astaamo jireed:

Cucid	7.94 G \ / cm3
Dhibcaha dhalaalaya	1385 ° C (2525 ° F)
Awooda TSensile	PSI - 75,000, MPA - 520
Xoog u dhaliso (0.2% FARSAMADA)	PSI - 30,000, Mpa -205
Doogis	30 %

Su'aalo weydiinta

Inbadan oo ka mid ah

800h Flan Flage Waxaan ku leenahay sumcad xoog leh warshadaha si aan u soo saarno noocyo tayo sare leh oo noocyo kala duwan oo ku habboon shuruudaha macaamiishayada. Waxaan soo saareynaa in 800 oo bir ah oo ah kuwa la isku halleyn karo oo tayo sare leh. Waxaan u isticmaalnaa kheyraadka qaddarka ah iyo mashiinnada horumarsan ee soosaarka Astm B564 Amn N08800 oo ka mid ah Incloy 800 Flanges.

800h Flage

Alkoy 800 waa nickel-birta-iromium alloy xoog sare iyo iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo ah oksidation iyo gogosha heerkulka sare. ASTM B407 Amn N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Tuun oo Weeped ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhismaha qalabka u baahan iska caabbinta, iska caabinta kuleylka, xoogga, iyo xasilloonida adeegga illaa 1500 ° F).

ASTM B407 Amn N08800 Incoloy 800 Weerar Tooska ah

Nickel oo fadhigoodu yahay 800 oo ka mid ah oo ku saleysan fadhiga fayraska ee 'Hortagol Pipe' ayaa lagu yaqaanaa inuu iska caabin wanaagsan u yeesho hubedda. Si gaar ah u hadlida, 800 tuubbada ayaa bixiya iska caabbinta ku filan ka dhanka ah carbaabida iyo sidoo kale saqafka hoose.

Nickel aleoy isgoyndhiga isbadal-jeexjeexa tuubada tuubada 800 800ht n08800 n08810 n088111

Tuubbooyinka qaabeynta aan fiicnayn waxay leeyihiin awood culeys oo sare iyo xoog ka badan fasalada kale.

800h tuubbada 800h oo leh at top anp anp

Nickel 200 oo ku garaacaya nickel 200 flanges waa waara, cabir ahaan deggan, oo dhameystiran oo fiican. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, ASTM B564 ASTM N02200 Freeds N02200 Blinds N02200 Blindres-ka ayaa u adkaysanaya hubinta jawiga dhexdhexaadnimada iyo olodka, iyaga oo ka dhigaya inay kaamil yihiin isticmaalka qalabka wax lagu maareeyo cuntada.

Nickel 200 oo cajiin ah

Alloy 800 Grod Werg Fluges Waxaan ku leenahay sumcad adag oo ku saabsan warshadaha si aan u soo saarno noocyo tayo sare leh oo noocyo kala duwan ah oo ku habboon shuruudaha macaamiisheena. Waxaan soo saareynaa in 800 oo bir ah oo ah kuwa la isku halleyn karo oo tayo sare leh. Waxaan u isticmaalnaa kheyraadka qaddarka ah iyo mashiinnada horumarsan ee soosaarka Astm B564 Amn N08800 oo ka mid ah Incloy 800 Flanges.

Alloy 800 oo qoorta wing qoorta

Xoogagga gurguurta sare waxaa lagu gaadhsiiyaa in lagu xakameeyo kuleylka kuleylka heerkulka sare ee heerkulka sare, oo ay weheliso kontoroolka ganaax ee kaarboon, titanium, iyo aluminium waxa ku jira.

Soo-saareyaasha 800h ee Hargabka Qabow Qabow Qabow

ISROKOY A-286 Statif Bolt waa ap-25Ni-15cr saldhiga ugu sarreeya ee molybdem, itanium, aluminium, vanadum iyo raad raac Boron. Waxay leedahay xoog sare oo dhalid sare iyo cimri dherer, xoogsadka ka hooseeya 650 ¡æ, oo si wanaagsan u baaraandegida allahaasi iyo waxqabadka alxanka lagu qanco. Kordhinta A286 waa suple-25ni-15cr saliida ku saleysan ee lagu xoojiyay isku darka molybdem, titanium, aluminium, vace iyo tirdood xaddiga boron. Waxay leedahay xoog sare oo dhalid sare, cimri dherer iyo xoog, shaqo-la'aan wanaagsan iyo deganaansho wanaagsan 6-teetæ.

heerkulka sare g2132 660a 660b 660b oo ka mid ah A286 Hex Wareega Wareega Square

Aloloy Alloy 800 (Amn N08800 W. NR

Incoloy 800 Amnimo N08800 SMLS BIP

Isugeynta 825 waa aleoy ku saleysan nickel guud ahaan la mid ah aloy 20 ee ku jirta biyaha. Waxay leedahay iska caabin waxtar u leh karinta aashitada sicirka illaa 40% xoogga, 60% xoogga 176¡ãf, iyo 150¡ãf dhammaantood urursan.

Kordhinta 825 2.4858 Qiimaha Taarikada Birta

Chromium-ka iyo nickel ee ally-kaan wuxuu bixiyaa iska caabin heer sare ah oo heerkeedu hoos udhacayo hoos udhaca hoose ee oxidizing iyo yareynta baaruudda, iska caabbinta wanaagsan ee xannibaadda iyo jilbida. Alloy sidoo kale waxay leedahay iska caabbinta macquul ah ee ka imanaya dadka caadeysta ee amni-dillaaca, laakiin ma ahan inta ugu badnaan ee aan ku dhicin 600.

Bupe-alxanka tuubbooyinka tuubbada ah ee lagu rakibay 800 15 ilaa 15 xadka xadka

AS1210-ka la dhisan yahay ee loo qoondeeyay Incoloy 800 waxaa loo isticmaali karaa 800¡ãC. Xeerarka ASME waxay u oggolaataa in Mololoy 800 illaa 815¡ãC, iyo gudaha 800ht iyo 800ht ilaa 982¡cC.

Bupe-alxanka alxanka tuubooyinka tuubbooyinka ee loo yaqaan 'pitpiing'

800 ama sidoo kale loo yaqaan 'FREM' N08800, Nickel 800 wuxuu leeyahay guryo iska caabin ah oo heer sare ah oo loogu talagalay kiimikooyinka sidoo kale. Caan ku ah xoogga jilicsan ee heerkulka sare ee heerkulka sare, alloy 800 sidoo kale waxay ka hortagtaa oksidation, carbaabida iyo sidoo kale noocyada kale ee jajabinta heerkulka-sare.

90 Dabool oo shahwad ah oo ah yoly bisk subow subow steel ppes pittings-ka 800

N08825 Flag-on Flageloy 825 Flanges (Ammunity N08825) waxay ka kooban tahay isugeyn molybdenum, naxaas, iyo titanium, iyo salka birta-iromium-ka. Birta dheeraadka ah waxay siisaa 325 Iidajignaan la'aan ah oo aan labaduba iska caabin karo, xitaa ka sii badan kuwa kale oo ka badan xeryaha kale ee nickel.

N08825 oo lagu dhejiyo

ASTM B408 Infoloy 825 Bar ayaa titanium-ka xasilloon si looga hortago gelitaanka iyo isbadalka ka dib, oo ay ku jiraan kuleylka, 650¡ãc - 760¡cc).

Ummadda N'08825 Wareegtada Wareegtada ayaa la adkeeyay iska caabbinta ugu dambeysa ee deegaannada ugu adag

Nikkel. Neckel Maskaxda ee culus ee ku yaal Elexel Aloys waa mid ka mid ah ilaha ugu weyn ee guryaha magnetic ee aloys. Nickel saafiga ah waa magnetic, xitaa heerkulka qolka, laakiin waxaa lagu daray walxaha sida chromium iyo kaarboon marka ay sameynayaan albaabada -

Asme B407 Infoloy 800 tuubbada SMLS

Alloy 800h tuubbada ayaa si fiican u shaqaysaa codsiyada marka ay u fidinayaan heerkul sare muddo dheer.

Qulqulka 800h ee qaybaha foornada ee foornada iyo qalabka

ASTM B462 Amn N08020 Ku firdhin Flaled Flaled 20 waa aloy-xasilloon xasilloon oo ay kujirto nickel iyo kaarboon hoose. Halabuurka kiimikada ee 'algoy' oo inta badan waxaa ka mid ah Nickel, Chromium, iyo birta, oo ay weheliso waxyaabo dheeri ah sida molybdemka iyo naxaasta. Alkoy 20 Flanges waxaa lagu yaqaanaa iska caabbinta qarashka ugu fiican, xitaa bey'adda kiimikada adag. Alloy 20 Fool Flanda ayaa muujinaya awoodo iska caabin ah oo ku saabsan agagaarka ay ku jiraan citric acids, acid-ka-fosphoric, sulfuric acid, iyo chlorides-ka. ASTM B462 AS ASTM N08020 Qalabka waxaa lagu yaqaanaa ashyaadooda farsamada wanaagsan, xitaa heerkulka sare.

ASTM B462 AAMIIN N08020 waxay ku dhegan tahay Flale

Aly 825 Bolts waxay leeyihiin guryo farsamo oo wanaagsan heerkulka hoose si heerkul ah oo dhexdhexaad ah ilaa 1000¡ff. Isbeddelada microtustraaturaturaturaturaturatu waxay si weyn hoos ugu dhigaysaa khatarta iyo xoogga saameynta waxay dhacdaa marka loo isticmaalo heerkulka ka sarreeya 1000¡f.

Din933 Amn N08825-Infoloy 825 Qabto dahab ah oo buuxda NICKEL CUDURKA NICKEL ITOY Bolt 3-8 Hex Bolt Mololoy 825 Hex Bolt

La mid ah dhibcaha si loo dhiso, Fasalka Fasalka Horudhaca ah ayaa leh nikkel iyo chromium-ka sida qaybaha ugu weyn ee saldhiga ugu weyn. Farqiga kaliya ee u dhexeeya labada fasal ee alerbada ah waa halahooda kiimikaad. Allens-ka-kaca-ka oo ay ka kooban yihiin wax ka badan 50% nikkel nikkel, halka alloy-yada soo gala aan ka yarayn 50% nickel, laakiin alloys-ka sidoo kale waxay kujiraan bir. Waxaa loo yaqaanay kuleylka kuleylka u adkeysta, Guryaha ugu xiisaha badan ee soosaarka ah 825 xajiyeyaashu waa iska caabbinta adag iyo xoogga farsamada badan inkasta oo ay ku sii dheereeyaan kuleylka. Muhiimadda sifooyinkaas gaar ahaan waxaa loo arkaa inay muhiim u tahay dhammaan warshadaha badan.

N08825 Infell Alley 825 Moroloy 825 Alloy bir bir bir ah

800 ayaa sidoo kale loo isticmaali karaa codsiyada sida xoqidda qoyan, iyo jawiga firfircoon ee foornooyinka iyo sidoo kale warshadaha sida shidaalka nukliyeerka.

Alaabtii ceeriin ee loo dhammeeyay ee ka mid ah 800 Tee sida nooca Waxqabadka Sare

In-ka-xusid mudan 725 nuts, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan Amn N07725 nuts, ayaa ah mid si heer sare ah u hufan oo da 'adag oo da' ah xoogga aadka u adag. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa in kaladuwanaansho balaaran oo si xun u ah. Da'da adag ee Alloy Alloy 725 nuts waxay laba jibaar u xoog badan tahay sida loo qaniinay aloy 625. Waxaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo adeegsadaa codsiyada badda ee ay ku jiraan xargaha xoogga sare ee iska caabiya hubka biyaha badda, gawaarida gawaarida gawaarida.

Alloy 725 Infel 725 nuts oo ah Din034

Asme SB564 Alloy 60Cusigent Well Flangaes Noncol 601 waa aloy-ka-chromium-ka macquulka ah ee u baahan caqabadaha u baahan caabbinta iyo kuleylka. Isteoy-kaan nickel wuxuu u taagan yahay iska caabinta heerkulka heerkulka sare, oo haray si weyn u adkaysi u leh 2200¡ã f F. Alloy 601 wuxuu kudhacayaa qiyaasta oxide-ka oo si adag u xakameynaya xitaa xaaladaha baaskiil darrada daran.

Asme sb564 alley 601 jeexan

825 Qulqulka qoorta ee Qulqulka Guud ee 'Allw Flage' Guryaha ay soo saareen annaga ayaa la sheegay inay adag yihiin oo ay daadanayaan. Waxay leeyihiin dhibic dhalaal ah oo ah 1413 digrii C. iyo cufnaanta 8.47g \ / cm3.

Isugeynta 825 Well Flage Flage

800, 800ht, iyo 800ht waa alfel-the chromium-ka leh xoog wanaagsan iyo iska caabin wanaagsan oo loo yaqaan 'oksidation' iyo xannuunka lagu xakameeyo ee is-hooska-heerkulka.

Exploy 800ht Elbows oo leh iska caabin cakiran oo wanaagsan

ASTM B462 Amn N08020 Waxaa lagu kala shaandheyn doonaa Flaget Acey 20 Qulqulka Sulgaric Sulfric acid, gaar ahaan waxay iska caabbisaa walbahaarka ka-hortagga dillaaca xad-dhaaf ah 20% ilaa 40%, iyo sidoo kale iska caabbinta guud ee sulfuric.

ASTM B462 AAMIIN N08020 waxay ku dhegan tahay Flale

Waxaa loo yaqaanay kuleylka kuleylka u adkeysta, Guryaha ugu xiisaha badan ee soosaarka ah 825 xajiyeyaashu waa iska caabbinta adag iyo xoogga farsamada badan inkasta oo ay ku sii dheereeyaan kuleylka. Muhiimadda sifooyinkaas gaar ahaan waxaa loo arkaa inay muhiim u tahay dhammaan warshadaha badan. Sidaa darteed, adeegsiga ASTM B425 Amn Nutts N08825 badiyaa waxay la xiriirtaa warshadaha sida qalabka kontoroolka wasakhaynta, saliida iyo shidaalka si shidaalka, iyo kiimikada.

Din931 Amn N08825-Horoloy 825 Qeybta Qeybta Qeybta NICKEL ATOY HEx Bolt 1-4 Fasalka 225 Hex Bolt Hex Madaxa Madaxa

Marka lagu daro oksidation, birta ayaa sidoo kale u adkeysaneysa saameynta carbaabinta. Sida austenitic bir bir aan birta lahayn, alloy-kani waxay leedahay xoogaa xadeyn heerkul ah, laakiin waxay leedahay faa iido kaladuwan oo kaadhka kaarboon ah.

Kordhinta 825 2.4858 Qalabka Qaadashada Birta

Feejignaanta 'Hickel' ee heerka sare ee loo yaqaan 'zesel' ee loo yaqaan 'resel' ee loogu talagalay dhalada saliida iyo gaaska. Jecel-ka-tuubada 'Neckel' oo adag oo ku saleysan Neckel-ku saleysan Nickel Streevel Streevel Streety ee ku saleysan Nickel oo ku saleysan Nickel. Tubbax 800ht Tuubbada 800ht wuxuu cadeeyay inuu yahay wax qiimo leh oo qiimo leh oo awood u leh inuu xaliyo dhibaatooyin badan oo kala duwan iyo dhibaatooyin codsi. Tubbada 800ht Tuubbada 800ht waxay leedahay awood ay ka hortagto jawiga ugu daran ee jawiga xasaasiga ah ee jawiga ah, iyo sidoo kale jawiga heerkulka sare ee cadaawadda. Daryeelitaan heer sare ah oo ka mid ah alloy, iyo awoodda ay u leedahay in si guul leh loogu soo biiro alloy kale oo leh ka kooban noocyo kala duwan.

Nickel Aleoy-ka is-dhexgalka ee jiirka tuubbada tuubada tuubada n08810 n08811

Din 1.4876 wareegyadu waxay ka shaqeyn karaan heerkul iyo cadaadis kala duwan oo muujinaya guryo farsamo oo heer sare ah. Waxyaabahani waxay leeyihiin awood ugu yar oo jilicsan oo ah 600mpa iyo ugu yaraan awood u leh 275MPA. ASTM B408 Horudhac 800 Roobab Dhul ah ayaa loogu talagalay in lagu helo qeybta isku-dhafka ah. Xadgudubka ayaa si caadi ah iyo isdaba-joog ah oo sax ah.

Kordhinta 800 1.4876 Habka alxanka ee birta birta

Incoloy 800h waa iromium-ka 'nickel-chromium' oo leh isku xirnaan la mid ah oo isku mid ah oo ah 800, oo leh xoog xad-dhaaf ah oo aad u sarreeya.

Kordhinta 800h Elbows waxay ku dhalisaa isku dhawaanshaha kiimikaad ee loo yaqaan 'alley 800'

Alloy 825 (Amn N08825) waa austenitic cromium 'oo ay ku jiraan akoonyo molybdenum, naxaas ah iyo itanium.

ASTM B424 Amh N08825 Feejigeeng Giraanta Aultimic Nickel-Irod-chromium-chromiumkot

ASTM B425 AS ASTM-ka N08825 Stock Stock wuxuu leeyahay nuxurka nickel ee u dhexeeya 38% iyo 46% oo uu awood u leeyahay inuu u adkeysto heerkul dhexdhexaad ah oo dhexdhexaad ah iyada oo aan waxoogaa saameyn ku yeelan.

N08825 Qandaraaska kiimikada wareega ee Frout-ka waxaa ka mid ah molybdeum naxaas nitrogen iyo Silikon

Kuwaas nickel birta ah waa isku mid marka laga reebo heerka kaarboon ee kaarboon ee loo yaqaan 'Aly' ee Alloy 800h, iyo ku darista boqolkiiba 1.20 aluminium iyo titanium-ka aloy 800ht. 800 oo ka mid ah 800 ayaa ahaa kii ugu horreeyay ee aloys-yadaas waxaana waxyar waxoogaa waxyar looga beddelay 800h.

ELOLY 800ht Elts-ka ayaa looga baahan yahay xasilloonida dusha sare

800-800ht nuts waa nickel-birta-chromium alloys leh iska caabbinta saqafka sare ee jawiga heerkulka sare. Sidoo kale loo yaqaan Amndrenders N08800 Xadhigyada, N08810 Xadhigyada iyo Firfircmaam N08811 Xadhigyadan, waxay ku habboon yihiin tuubooyinka Hydrocarners-ka, Tuubooyinka Tuunnada iyo Turboodka \ / Turboglet-ka ee loo yaqaan 'Etherme's waxsoosaarka \ / warshadaha gaaska.

Din934 Amn N08800-Horusoloy 800 Dabeecad ah Nickel Alloy 3-8 hex nnt isgoysyada 800 hex lowska 1-4 fasalka 2

Nickel 2011 wuxuu ku garaacayaa Flat of Nickel Alkoy 200 wuxuu leeyahay xoogaa guryo aad u fiican, kuwaas oo ka dhigay inay caan ku tahay warshadaha kala duwan. Nickel 200 flanges waa mid waara, cabir ahaan deggan, oo dhameystiran oo fiican. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, ASTM B564 ASTM N02200 Freeds N02200 Blinds N02200 Blindres-ka ayaa u adkaysanaya hubinta jawiga dhexdhexaadnimada iyo olodka, iyaga oo ka dhigaya inay kaamil yihiin isticmaalka qalabka wax lagu maareeyo cuntada. Waxaan nahay wax soo saaraya Nickel 200 oo Fleurs Flage oo ku yaal Shiinaha oo soo saarta boodhadhka fasalada la siiyay qaabab iyo cabirro kala duwan, iyadoo loo eegayo shuruudaha cabbirka ee macmiilka. Kooxdayada khibrada leh ee xirfadleyda khibradda leh ayaa kormeeraya geedi socodka wax soo saarka Nickel 200 oo ku yaal boodhadhka boodhadhka si loo hubiyo inay leeyihiin saxsanaanta cabbirka cabirka saxda ah iyo tayada. Waxay kaloo sameeyaan baaritaano shahaado si ay u hubiyaan xaalada sheyga ka hor inta aysan u gudbin macaamiisha.

Nickel 2011 wuxuu kudhacayaa Flaled