I-Stainess yentsimbi

I-Nin Alloy 36, W.nr 1.3912, ugqirha we-36 ® yi-nickel-intsimbi enolwandiso olune-36% ye-nickel, i-chacelin enolwandiso olunama-36% kwaye inesitayile se-therble yentsimbi.

I-Nickel Affal Alfaw kunye neeRods
IsiTshayina (Esenziwe lula)
I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.
Ukutywinwa kokutywinwa ngeglasi yeglasi

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

I-UNOLL 625 COIC ibonakaliswa kukungaxhathisi ngokugqwesileyo kwi-oxidation, kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokudinwa. I-ASTM B443 ipleyiti ye-N06625 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-Aerospace, ukuqhubekiswa kweekhemikhali kunye nemizi-mveliso yeoyile kunye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuqinana nakwimeko ezigqithisileyo.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-Austetitic esetyenziswe kwi-Austetitic 300 ye-Stainess Staines, i-Dubplex ye-Stailplex ineendawo ezixhaphakileyo. Abathengisi be-dubex tube bacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe kuphela le alloy njengoko idibanisa zombini iipropathi ukuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo. I-teed tube wabona i-^ i-^ i-^ Ukuphela kwayo

I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasiseko yenziwe nge-chromium ye-chromium ye-chromium ye-Nickel ene-molybdenum ngokongezwa kwimichiza yayo yemichiza. Ityhubhu inokuxhathisane ngempumelelo ukunxiba kunye nokukrazula, kwaye inamandla aphezulu kwaye iphucule ukungaxhasi, xa kuthelekiswa nee-tubs ezingama-304

I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

Izicelo ze-Alloty yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-A335 P5 i-fubsing ye-EFW inokubonwa kwizicelo ze-petrochemical, zeoyile kunye nezityalo zegesi, izityalo zamandla kunye nolunye uxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neenkonzo zobushushu obuphezulu.

I-ATTM ye-A106 igubungela i-carbon ye-carbon yentsimbi ye-carbon yentsimbi yenkonzo yobushushu obuphakathi, efanelekileyo ukugoba, ibeka imisebenzi yokuqulunqwa okufanayo. I-NPS 1-1 \ / 2 kwaye ngaphantsi kwento egqityiweyo okanye ebandayo. I-NPS 2 kwaye enkulu iya kushushu igqityiwe ngaphandle kokuba kuchaziwe ngenye indlela. Inqanaba lokugqibela lomphezulu lichaziwe kwinkcazo.

I-ASME SB 564 I-DERTLLLY C22 Intle ye-Woonged Fienges i-Acid ye-Acid enobuqhetseba

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-ASTM B564 601 I-601 inyuswe ubuso nge-Flonge NCOEL I-601 yi-Nickel-Chckel-Chromium esetyenziselwa izicelo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu. I-nickel alloy imele ngenxa yokungaxhathisi baso kwi-Oxidation, ehlala ixhathise kakhulu kwi-oxidoped ukuya kwi-2200¡ F. Alfy.

I-Dupex 2205 yindawo ephuculweyo ye-dupplex engasebenziyo eyenzelwe ukucombulula iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ukudibana nezitho ezi-300 ezingenazitapile ezingenasiseko. "I-DUPHEX" ichaza usapho lwezitho ngezigadi ezingathandekiyo (ezinje ngentsimbi engama-304) okanye i-304 yentsimbi) okanye i-ferrictic engacocekanga (njengentsimbi engama-430).

Apho kufuneka khona i-welding, intsimbi inepropathi yokuqhekeka njengoko ipholile. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu wenkqubo ye-welding abangela into eyaziwa ngokuba 'yinkomo eshushu' njengeempuku ezipholileyo. Oku kwenza ukuba izakhiwo zakhiwe ngomxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu yentsimbi engaphezulu komonakalo ngenxa yokuqulunqa imingxunya kwiindawo apho ildit yelding. I-316l i-staight yentsimbi isetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo njengoko kufanelekile ukuthintela ukususwa kwe-weld. Ingakwazi nokukhulisa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye inomxholo ophezulu wokunyibilika malunga ne-2 500 i-degrees fahrees okanye malunga ne-1,370 degrees celsius. Ukongeza kwikharbon, le alloty iqulethe ukuya kwi-2% manganese kwaye ukuya kuthi ga kwi-0.75% ye-silicon.

I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.
I-HT A403 WP904l-S 1.25 "sch40s 8918 tee ngqo

Umxholo we-Nickel wenza ukuba ama-alloys angamelanga kakhulu kuzo zombini i-chloride yoxinzelelo-yoxinzelelo lokuqhekeka kunye nokuvuselelwa kwiSigaba seSigma.

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.

I-2 intshi ye-Inch Pipe I-Ints 718 Flange ifanelekile i-2.4668 Flange
I-Alfty yethu ye-Altm yensimbi ye-A182 F5 F5 B5 Flanges inokusetyenziswa kwiiNkonzo eziPhakathisiweyo zoLondolozo lweShishini eziNinzi ezivela njengezikolo, abongikazi, abaphengululi, abaphengululi, kunye nokutshintshwa kobushushu nangaphezulu.
Ibha yentsimbi engenalo i-a182 f9 yomjikelo

Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

I-Dotelloy C2000 ifumaneka kubungakanani beempawu kunye nobungqingili, olu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ludume ngamandla alo oluphangaleleyo kunye nokungaxhathisi.

I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

Intsimbi ye-alloy yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini: intsimbi yentsimbi ephezulu kunye nentsimbi ephantsi. I-Allow Stonges yentsimbi, kwelinye icala, iqulethe malunga ne-0.05 ¨c 0.25% ikhabhoni kunye ne-2.0% manganese.

Abavelisi beentsimbi ezingalunganga bavelisa ezi zinto zilungele i-manganese, phosphorus, ikharbon, silicon, kunye nesalfur ngaphandle kwezinto ezi-2 eziphambili.

Imivalo yentsimbi ye-alloy kunye neentonga
Chwetheza i-316 Alloty ithathwa njengefanelekileyo kwenye indalo esingqongileyo, ezinjengeenqanawa zenqanawa kunye nezixhobo zokugcina izakhiwo ezivela kwi-push yetyuwa. Chwetheza intsimbi ye-316 ibonisa intsimbi engaboniyo ukuba akukho bungqina bokungabikho kwi-100 yeeyure, i-5% yokutshiza (i-ASTM-B-117) kuvavanyo.

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

Ubukhulu: sch5 ~ schxxs
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile inesigqibo esihle sokungakhathali, ukumelana nokunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokusebenza okubandayo nokusetyenziswa kwentsimbi engenasitayile engenantlonelo. Kwangelo xesha, iipropathi zoomatshini bensimbi ziselungile kwi-18¡. Kwisisombululo esiqinileyo, iprimpoty, ubunzima kunye nokusebenza okubandayo kwentsimbi kunesibindi sokunganyangeki kwi-oxding acid, iatmosferas, amanzi kunye nezinye iindaba. Ke ngoko, intsimbi engenasimo ingenasinqwizi esineziphumo ezinkulu kwaye sisebenzise intsimbi esetyenziswa kakhulu.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

I-Stainess Liction inciphisa i-tees isebenza kakhulu kwioyile, igesi, imibhobho yamanzi, izityalo zamandla, ukwakhiwa kunye namashishini okutya.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

Intsimbi engenasimo iqulethe i-chromium ebonelela ngeepropathi zokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphakamileyo. Intsimbi engenalo i-Staine inokumelana neendawo ezinomkhenkce okanye zekhemikhali ngenxa yendawo yayo egudileyo. Iimveliso zentsimbi ezingenasitayile zikhuselekile ekusebenziseni kwexesha elide ngokuchasene nokudinwa kwe-corrosion.

Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yeoyile ye-oli

I-Pool ye-Pool spools ye-pumele yokungaxhathisi kakuhle kwi-carbribeng kunye ne-chloride equka indawo

Umboniso we-Zhengzhou Huitong pumes ezingama-316 s31600 tees

Ukongeza kwiipropathi ezingama-304, i-316 ityhubhu ende kwaye iphela ityhubhu ende kwaye iphela ikhulisa ukunganyangeki kwe-molybdenum ukuya kubume bawo. Kukho i-upplex yentsimbi emfutshane yokuphelisa iflethi kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo.

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sezinto ekungeneni kungenxa yokuba yi-alloy yokuba, ngaphandle kokuveza ubushushu obuphezulu, inika intsebenzo eseleyo xa kufakwa izabelo ezifanayo.

I-Titanium isebenza njengendawo ye-interter phambi kweoksijini kunye namanzi, oko kuthetha ukuba ayiphenduli ngeoksijini kunye namanzi kwiimeko zobushushu.

I-alloys Steel SA 182 F9 yi-Bir ye-Ferric Altertic Bar, eminye imixholo ikwaqwalaselwa. Imivalo ifakwe imibhaji egcinwe kwiqondo lobushushu ephezulu kunye noxinzelelo.

I-B2 inekhabhoni esemgangathweni enkulu, i-silicon kunye nentsimbi xa kuthelekiswa noMgaqo-nkqubo wayo, i-Alloy B

Ukuze udlulisele umbhobho, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-hose ethe tye ngombhobho. Xa usebenzisa imibhobho eyahlukeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngemibhobho eyahlukeneyo. Xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho, i-elbow kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukutshintsha ubungakanani bombhobho. Xa ukubhabha, umbhobho weendlela ezintathu kusetyenziswa xa i-pipeling eyahlukeneyo ye-pipeling kunye nokwanda kokuhamba kwexesha elide kunye nokwandiswa komgangatho obandayo kunye nolwandiso olubi kakhulu kunye nolwandiso olubandayo olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nombhobho. , Ekuqhagamsheleni nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kukho i-quadriday kunye neeplagi zesigaba sesixhobo.

Umxholo we-chromium, molybdenum, i-nickel kunye ne-nitrogen kwi-2205 ye-Alplex Bolt yoLwandle iyaphucula iipropathi zayo. I-E.G. I-T31803 izabelo ze-FASTE

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.
I-Dotelloy Affayili
isiKriyoli saseHayiti
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
I-A335 PATALLOY PIP
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
Ulwimi lwe-proratical ye-proratioin kunye ne-groove ubuso
I-Deppex i-Steel
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.
I-Dotelloy Affayili
isiKriyoli saseHayiti
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
I-A335 PATALLOY PIP
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-APTM yensimbi ye-A403 WP310s ye-Peritric inciphise
I-Deppex i-Steel
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

Kukho imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokugubungela ubungakanani bonyulo olwahlukileyo lweflethi. I-ANDI B16.5 monel 2.4360 Imfama eyimfama eneedayamitha ezivela kuzo? i-intshi ukuya kwi-intshi ezingama-48 kule nqanaba.

Ngokungafaniyo ne-Austetitic esetyenziswe kwi-Austetitic 300 ye-Stainess Staines, i-Dubplex ye-Stailplex ineendawo ezixhaphakileyo. Abathengisi be-dulex tube bacebisa ukuba kusetyenziswe kuphela le alloy njengoko idibanisa zombini iipropathi zokuvelisa iziphumo ezilungileyo.
I-Dotelloy Affayili
isiKriyoli saseHayiti
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
I-A335 PATALLOY PIP
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-APTM yensimbi ye-A403 WP310s ye-Peritric inciphise
I-Deppex i-Steel
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

I-Attelloy enganyangekiyo i-Corrosion isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngamashishini okuqhuba iikhemikhali. Isidingo sentsebenzo esinokuthenjwa sikhokelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kweenkalo zamandla, ezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ioyile kunye negesi, amayeza kunye neflimu yegesi.

I-Stail B366 WP904L iqulethe i-chromium ephezulu kunye nomxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi.Our SS 904l i-Elbow ichasile i-themossion ye-themospic iphela kwaye ithintele naluphi na ungcoliseko lwangaphakathi.
I-pie ye-pume yentsimbi
isiKriyoli saseHayiti
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
I-A335 PATALLOY PIP
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.
I-Deppex i-Steel
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
I-C2000 I-ALTELLOY ALTEY TUIT DATELLLOY C2000 I-PIP ye-Wipe
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.19

I-SCH40 ye-SCH40 ye-SCHE4000 ichongwe njengenombolo ye-Werkstof 2.4360 kwaye ingabi-nye N04400. I-Allow Gipe eyaziwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-nol-500, imodeli engama-400 yemodeli kunye ne-nickel alloy 400.

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

Ibhaji ye-Intral X750 ye-Intral inamandla aphezulu-ukuya kwi-ofisi ephezulu yobunzima, ukwenziwa okuhle kunye nokungakhathali, kunye nokungakhathali okuhle.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.