I-304H ikwanayo imfuneko yesayizi yengqolowa ye-ASTM NO-7 okanye i-Coador.

Inkqubo yentsimbi engenasitayile yimveliso yokhetho lokuthathwa kokutsala i-fallids okanye i-scounder fluaids, i-sutorries kunye neegesi, ngakumbi apho uxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abandakanyeka. Ngenxa yepropathi yobuhle yentsimbi engenasitali, umbhobho ihlala isetyenziswa kwizicelo zoyilo.

I-ASTM UMGAQO-NKQUBO WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA NOKUGQIBELA-ISIQINISEKISO SE-SENEED DEED DEAL esenziwe kwiqondo lobushushu obuphezulu kunye nenkonzo ngokubanzi yobuqhetseba, yeyosapho ongenasinyithi.

Thenga intsimbi engenasitali i-254 susa imibhobho ye-welday kunye neempuku ezingama-254 zesikwere
I-ASTM A105 (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Asme SA i-105) igubungela i-carbon ye-carbon yentsimbi yokusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zoxinzelelo kwinkonzo yobushushu kunye nenkonzo yobushushu obuphakathi.
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

I-Nickel 200 I-ENCEL I-NECEL-FECKES SFEUNS iyahlala, izinzile, kwaye igqibele. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

Imoda 400 yi-Alopper-Cop (malunga ne-67% Ni ¨C 23% Cu) i-Suressions ePhezulu kunye neSoftwards. I-Decility elungileyo kunye nokuphumelela kwe-thermal kufanelekile kwizicelo zamanzi aselwandle.

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

Xa ujonga ukusebenzisa i-304 i-polbow yeprojekthi yakho, kubalulekile ukuba uqonde ukuba loluphi olu hlobo lokunikezelwa kwepayipi ngokomelela kunye nokusebenza. Inqanaba le-304 le-Stainess line-18% chromium kunye ne-8% ye-Afloys enika ukonakala okhethekileyo, iyenza ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwiimeko apho kulindelwe ukusetyenziswa okanye uxinzelelo olulindelekileyo. Le ndibaniselwano ikwanceda ukuba loo nto ixhathisa iimpembelelo zokusingqongileyo kubandakanya ukuqina xa ifakwe ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokufakelwa okufanelekileyo okanye iityhubhu ezifanelekileyo.

Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Duelplex Stonges
I-Dotelloy C2000 ifumaneka kubungakanani beempawu kunye nobungqingili, olu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ludume ngamandla alo oluphangaleleyo kunye nokungaxhathisi.
I-ASTM A335 P5, P9, P9, P1, P12, P22, P91, P91, P91

I-Intloy 800ht, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-ALTYS 800HT¡ ±, ichongiwe njenge-N08811 1.4959. Yi-iron-chromium ye-chromium enolwalelo olusisiseko njenge-Intray 800 kunye ne-Intloy 800h kodwa ngamandla amakhulu e-risp-and ngamandla amakhulu e-Creep.

Oku kufanelekile ke kube yinxalenye yenkqubo yokuthutha ulwelo (ioyile, igesi, isitya, iikhemikhali, ...) ngendlela ekhuselekileyo nefanelekileyo.

Senza, ukuBonelelwa kunye nokuthumela i-Asme ye-Asme ye-Asme ye-Steel engenamthungo \ / Tube (i-Tube (SA335 iBakala P9) kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zeshishini. Ubungcali bethu ekuboneleleni nge-alloy ye-lalty ye-lered ye-ofisi efanelekileyo isivumela ukuba sinikeze amabakala ohlukeneyo esizilukwango, njenge-A-387 GR, izicelo ezahlukeneyo zobunjineli. I-P1, P5, P9, P1, P1, P12, P22, P91, i-ASTM A-335, njl.

Amandla e-sunsle (MPA) min
I-304 Umenzi wepayiping we-piele eIndiya. Umthengisi okhokelayo we-304 ye-buttweld pile pile kunye nokuhanjiswa ngokukhawuleza kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo. Izixhobo zethu zombhobho we-304 zithunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwilizwe lonke kubandakanya i-elbow, i-tee, i-decle, igorha, i-nipple, umnqamlezo njl njl.

HT PIPE provides high quality ASTM A350 LF3 Grade 1 and 2 Plate Flanges, we manufacture SA350 LF3 Pipe Flanges, LF3 Carbon Steel Flanges and ASTM A350 Gr LF3 Cl1 Blind Flanges at low prices in China.

Isisombululo esiphakamileyo sase-Anneal, unyango ngo-2000 \ / 2200Of (1095 \ / 005OC) ixesha elixhomekeke kwiyure enye, kunye nokupholisa emoyeni okanye kwi-piestium.
Ubungakanani "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""

I-Indel 625 Bolt Uesd kwi-Steam Lilles Bulbs kunye ne-sheing yeentambo zonxibelelwano zangaphantsi

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

Izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza izinto ezikhethiweyo zikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zisemgangathweni, ngaloo ndlela zandisa ukuhambelana kwemveliso yokugqibela kwizicelo ezimbi.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-304 i-elbow ngumbhobho otyhafileyo ongenantambo ofanelekileyo oguqula ulwalathiso lombhobho kwinkqubo yepayipi. Ngokwe-engile, kukho i-45 ¡ Ukongeza, ngokweemfuno zobunjineli, ikwabandakanya ezinye ii-angles ezingaqhelekanga ezifana ne-60 ¡ã. Imixholo yemiqathango yethu ingama-304 intsimbi engenasibala.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.

I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

Intsimbi engenasimo yi-alloy yentsimbi enganyangekiyo. Inama-11% chromium kwaye inokuqulatha izinto ezinjengekhabhoni, ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezinyithi zokufumana ezinye iipropathi ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuxhathisa intsimbi engenasithukuthezi kwiziphumo zokusula kwiChromium, nto leyo eyenza ifilimu eguqukayo enokukhusela izinto kwaye aziziphilise izinto zeoksijini.

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

I-304 igubungela imigangatho ye-Austistitic Stainess yentsimbi yezicelo zoxinzelelo. Izinto ezibonakalayo ze-tube ezingathandekiyo ziya kuba neendawo ezilungisiweyo ze-tube, imivalo, iipleyiti, okanye iimveliso ezingenamthungo okanye zenziwe nge-subular. Ukunyanzelwa okanye ukwenziwa kwemisebenzi yokuhamba okanye ukungqubana kuya kwenziwa ngokusuka ngokungxama, ukucinezela, ukubhoboza, ukuthoba, ukuqengqeleka, ukugqobhoza, ukugqobhoza, ngaphezulu kwemisebenzi emibini.

I-Nickel esekwe kwi-800 ye-hexagonal yombhobho owaziwayo ukuba uxhathise kakuhle ukungangqinelani. Ngokukhethekileyo ukuthetha, umbhobho we-play 800 unika ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-carbring kunye ne-corosion ye-oxivide.

Umbhobho wombhobho we-Wotld ye-WOLD yenzelwe ukuba ibe yi-Wels kwisiphelo se-(s) yokuqhagamshela umbhobho (s) kunye kwaye ivumela utshintsho kwicala okanye isebe okanye lisebe.

Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi

I-Nickel Alo Alloty engama-400 kunye nemoni engama-400, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-N04400, yi-gucy ye-huckile-olwe-olwe-of thecker-esekwe kwi-nicker-thewores. I-Nickel Alo Allo of 400 yaziwa ngokuba yixhathiso lwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Alkalis (okanye i-AIDS), amanzi ityuwa, i-SULDFUORIC Acid, kunye ne-sulfuoric acid. Ukususela kwimowango engama-400 okanye i-Alod 400 yintsimbi ebibandayo esetyenzisiweyo, eli alloy linobuqili obukhulu, ukuqina kunye namandla. Ngokubanda ukusebenza kwe-ASTM B164 I-N04400 i-Bar ye-N04400, i-alloy iphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo loomatshini, onokuthi ubangela utshintsho kulwakhiwo luka-Abrey.

Ngumbhobho wentsimbi engenasithulo ofanelekileyo ofumene kwizicelo ezininzi zemveliso nezentengiso kwiminyaka edlulileyo. Yenziwe kwintsimbi yeBanga lama-304 elingenasiseko, elinika ukumelana nokunganyangeki kweyona meko. I-304 i-elbow iye yathandwa kakhulu ngenxa yokungaphezulu kwayo, iindleko eziphantsi, kunye nokufakwa ngokulula.

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dupplex ye-Staines yentsimbi kunye ne-Pipes egqwesileyo yaseKhaya

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

Le mibhobho ye-SS 904l kunye ne-SS 904L Iityhubhu zenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgangatho we-100 nococekile kwizinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yakutshanje.

Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yeoyile ye-oli

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

I-Din931 i-ASTM A193 347-34447h Intambo yenxalenye ye-Stailial Bolts ye-hex ye-SS M76 Hex Bolt 34-347h Hex Bolt

Le mibhobho kunzima ukuya kumatshini kuba benza nzima ngomatshini. I-Allow 400 yombhobho we-Welding inokuqhutywa kwezi ndlela ziqhelekileyo.

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.
I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.
I-pie ye-pume yentsimbi
www.ebepe.com
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
Brinell (HB) max
I-stainess yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezingapheliyo kunye ne-Sheet
I-nickel alfazi
I-Polly 600 yokunganyangeki
I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 yeplate
Iipleyiti zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye neekhiliki

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.

Intsimbi engenasimo ikwadityaniswa okungenani i-10.5% ye-chromium, into ethile enika inyibilikisi igqitywe kunye nokuchasa i-corosion.

I-321 intsimbi engenasitali (i-S32100 \ / Asstm A193 B8T) sisihlobo esisondeleyo kakhulu. Ngelixa intsimbi engathandekiyo ichithwe ngokongezwa kwe-niobium kunye ne-tantalelom ukuba ixhathise ukususwa kwe-intergran, i-321 iyazinza ngokongezwa kwe-titanium. Ngokongeza i-Niobium kunye neTanalum, le mibhalo iphinda ithintele ukumiswa kwe-carbides ye-chromium. Kuba ezi zinto zinobumnandi obuqinileyo kwikharbon kune-chromium, i-niobium-tantalm ye-cantallom ye-cantallom ngaphakathi kune-grains kunokwenza imida yengqolowa.

I-SA12 F11 FOMN iphakanyiswe ngokusebenzisa izinto eziphezulu eziphezulu kwaye zinika intsebenzo ebalaseleyo nakwindawo enesidima. Itshati yesisindo koku iyafumaneka kwaye ngokusekwe kule mveliso yenziwe.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

I-Alloy 718 isetyenziswa kwezi meko ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokukwazi ukwenza kakuhle kubushushu obuphakamileyo.

Ukuthamba intsingiselo iqala malunga ne-1600 ye-871¡t) kwaye igqibelele emva kwemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kweli-15 yokufudumeza nge-1800¡n (982¡c). Ngaphezulu kobushushu, ukukhula okuziinkozo kunokuchasana, nangona ubushushu obufutshane kakhulu buya kukhokelela ekuthambekeni ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kokukhula kwenkozo. Kuba inqanaba lokupholisa alinasiphumo ekuthatheni ukuthambisa, umbandela unokuthi amanzi acinyiwe okanye apholile.

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

I-al-6xn ye-al-6xn yedd inemigca engahambelaniyo ye-iform kunye neZiqithi ze-oxide kwi-Weld Bead. Ezi ziqithi ze-oxide zivela njengefilimu ecekeceke, enemibala eyahlukeneyo enezintsu ezivela kwi-grey ukuya emnyama emnyama enamathela kumphezulu.

I-304 i-stail yensimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi

Ukuze udlulisele umbhobho, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-hose ethe tye ngombhobho. Xa usebenzisa imibhobho eyahlukeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngemibhobho eyahlukeneyo. Xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho, i-elbow kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukutshintsha ubungakanani bombhobho. Xa ukubhabha, umbhobho weendlela ezintathu kusetyenziswa xa i-pipeling eyahlukeneyo ye-pipeling kunye nokwanda kokuhamba kwexesha elide kunye nokwandiswa komgangatho obandayo kunye nolwandiso olubi kakhulu kunye nolwandiso olubandayo olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nombhobho. , Ekuqhagamsheleni nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kukho i-quadriday kunye neeplagi zesigaba sesixhobo.
I-pie ye-pume yentsimbi
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Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
Brinell (HB) max
I-stainess yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezingapheliyo kunye ne-Sheet
I-nickel alfazi
I-Polly 600 yokunganyangeki
I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 yeplate
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.19

Ngeemvavanyo kunye novavanyo lwemveliso, iMolybdenum kwi-A335 okwangoku inophawu olusebenzayo lokuphucula amandla amaqondo aphezulu aphezulu. Imibhobho yentsimbi ye-MolybDenum-eyongezelelweyo ikwabonisa ukumelana nokungakhathali okuphuculweyo kunye nokuthintelwa kokukhumbula.

I-S3125 ye-S31254 i-Wild Foonge ikwabonakaliswa kukuphakama kwayo kunye namandla aphezulu. Ngamanqanaba aphezulu eChromium, iMolybdenum, kunye nomxholo weNitrogen, i-Alloty ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-chloride ephezulu enendawo equkayo. Umzekelo, i-S31254 ye-S31254 i-S3125 ye-range isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinje ngamanzi olwandle, amanzi aqhekezayo, izityalo ze-pulpa, i-pulp ye-pulpach, kunye neminye imijelo yenkqubo ye-chloride.

I-ASTM B366 i-Puipe e-Puby, i-tuby i-india, ivele, igubungele phantsi kwenkcazo yemibhobho ye-nickel alloy kwaye ibandakanya i-distelloy, i-i-Igcle Alo alloy kunye nemoral.

Iindawo eziphezulu zala macandelo ziyimbonakalo enomtsalane ngenxa yokususwa ngokubanzi. Ukongeza, babuthathaka i-alloy kwaye bafuna ukutshintshwa rhoqo ukuthintela iziphumo zentlekele. Ngenxa yokuba i-Alloty inesichasi esihle kwi-corrosion ngokubanzi okanye ukukhuphela iyunifomu, ukusuka kwindawo yokuma kwezemali, ishishini lisebenzisa i-304 ye-field yensimbi yentsimbi ngaphandle kokuphela kwamapkiyithi.