Intsimbi engenasitayile 316l yinguqulelo ye-carbon esezantsi yeBanga 316.

Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

Intsimbi engama-304 yeyona nsimbi ixhaphakileyo. Intsimbi iqulathe zombini i-chromium (phakathi kwe-18% ne-20%) kunye ne-NCECEL (phakathi kwe-8% ne-8% ne-10] yezinyithi njengeziindawo eziphambili zentsimbi. Yintsimbi engathandekiyo ye-austitic ye-stainic. I-SS304 ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, ivili levili kunye ne-quiades zokwakha.

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

Izinto eziphambili kuma-304 yi-chromium ne-nickel, enika ukumelana nokunganyangeki. Inomchasi wobukumkani obulungileyo, yi-ductile kunye ne-ductile, kwaye inesifo esihle. Isakhiwo se-Austitic sivumela umzobo onzulu ngaphandle kokuthintelwa.

Ukuze udlulisele umbhobho, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-hose ethe tye ngombhobho. Xa usebenzisa imibhobho eyahlukeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngemibhobho eyahlukeneyo. Xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho, i-elbow kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukutshintsha ubungakanani bombhobho. Xa ukubhabha, umbhobho weendlela ezintathu kusetyenziswa xa i-pipeling eyahlukeneyo ye-pipeling kunye nokwanda kokuhamba kwexesha elide kunye nokwandiswa komgangatho obandayo kunye nolwandiso olubi kakhulu kunye nolwandiso olubandayo olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nombhobho. , Ekuqhagamsheleni nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kukho i-quadriday kunye neeplagi zesigaba sesixhobo.

I-Intloy 926 ikwaxhathisa i-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, inomchasi ofanelekileyo ekuxhaphazweni kwe-oxiding kunye nokunciphisa imithombo yeendaba.

Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo zokusingqongileyo, intsimbi engenasiseko iyabukeka, icocekile kakhulu, kulula ukuyigcina, iqinile kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, intsimbi engenanto inokufumaneka kwizinto ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. Ikwadlala indima ebalaseleyo kuluhlu lwamashishini, kubandakanya amandla, ukuthutha, ukwakhiwa, uphando, amayeza, ukutya kunye nezinto.

Sinikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwensimbi ye-A182 310 enje nge-SS 310 Flip Flenges, SS 310H ye-STALDS, SS 310 I-STALD STORKES SFEENT, SCREAD STORKES SINGE I-flaves, i-SS 310S yohlobo lwe-feent flanges (i-RTJ) njl.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

Chwetheza intsimbi ye-316 inomxholo ophezulu we-nickel kune-304 i-stainbdenum, i-molybdenum, i-scodiids enkulu kwiikhemikhali, ioyile, kunye neegesi, kunye nobushushu obuphakathi. I-304 imibhobho eqhagamshele kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa umoya, amanzi, igesi yendalo, i-Steam, kunye neekhemikhali eziya kwitanki yokugcina kunye nendawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala, ikhitshi kunye nezicelo zokutya.

Intsimbi engenasimo ikwangathathi hlangothi kunye ne-Intert, kwaye i-Orter ilongeyo iqinisekisa kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ayibophanga imingxunya enokuthi iguqule ubume bayo xa inxibelelana nezinto ezifana namanzi.

Romanian
INJONGO YOKUZIPHATHA NGOKUFANELEKILEYO: Ukuphelisa iziphene kwiziphako ezingenanto kunye neemveliso ezigcweleyo, kunye nokulungiselela umbutho wabandayo osebenzayo kunye nonyango lobushushu obulandelayo.

Iphepha elingenasithuli elingenasitali lama-304 litshixiwe kwi-304 yezixhobo zihlala zisiya kwi-6mm ngobukhulu. Amashiti eze kububanzi obahlukeneyo kunye nobude obude. Kukho imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokulawula iipropathi ezahlukeneyo. I-roopam sensiel ngumenzi weli phepha-mveliso kuzo zonke izikali.
IMyanmar (iBurmese)
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
Ubungakanani "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.20

Izixhobo zinobunzima obuqinileyo bebrinell bubuhlungu kwi-210hb ephezulu. Ezi zinokusebenza phantsi kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-870 degrees celsius.

Ke ngoko, i-ASTM A312 i-A312 tp i-304 i-swipe yeyona nto ifunwayo kumacandelo ohlukeneyo emizi-phuliselo ezinje ngezikhululo zamandla, izityalo zekhemikhali, imigangatho ye-petrolemics, i-petrolemics yepetroleum.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.
Intsimbi engenasimo yi-alloy yentsimbi enganyangekiyo nokunyanzelwa. Inama-11% chromium kwaye inokuqulatha izinto ezinjengekhabhoni, ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezinyithi zokufumana ezinye iipropathi ezinqwenelekayo. Ukunganyangeki kwentsimbi engenasiphelo Ukunyanzelwa kweziphumo ezivela kwiChromium, eyenza ifilimu eguqukayo enokukhusela izinto kunye nokuzenzela i-oxpreg
Chwetheza i-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali iyafana ne-304, kodwa ngokongezwa kweMolybDum, ephucula i-Laals Ukunganyangeki. Isakhiwo se-Austitic sivumela ubunzima obuhle, nkqu ezantsi kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu. La mabakala anengxaki yokugqwesa, kunye okanye ngaphandle kokongezwa kwentsimbi yefilitha. I-316 \ / 3160 ityhubhu engenasitali ifumaneka njengokujikeleza, imilo ye-Square okanye iimilo ezixande. Ifumaneka njengoko i-welding kunye engenamthungo. Ine-molybdenum eyongezelelweyo kunye ne-nickel kune-304 engaxakekanga, eyandisa ukumelana nentsimbi. Ukuncitshiswa kwemphibi kuboniswa kwi-316l Affays ngenxa yekhabhoni eyandisiweyo kwi-alloy. Isetyenziselwa ityhubhu kwiindawo ezinomsindo ngakumbi kunetyhubhu engama-304.

I-china ibonelele ngentsimbi ye-dupplex yentsimbi ye-904l NAS 255 N08904 w.nr.1.4539 ye-borenti egcweleyo ye-din975

Chwetheza intsimbi ye-316 inomxholo ophezulu we-nickel kune-304 i-stainbdenum, i-molybdenum, i-scodiids enkulu kwiikhemikhali, ioyile, kunye neegesi, kunye nobushushu obuphakathi. I-304 imibhobho eqhagamshele kunye nezixhobo zokuhambisa umoya, amanzi, igesi yendalo, i-Steam, kunye neekhemikhali eziya kwitanki yokugcina kunye nendawo yokuhlala yendawo yokuhlala, ikhitshi kunye nezicelo zokutya.

Intsimbi engenasimo ikwangathathi hlangothi kunye ne-Intert, kwaye i-Orter ilongeyo iqinisekisa kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ayibophanga imingxunya enokuthi iguqule ubume bayo xa inxibelelana nezinto ezifana namanzi.

I-Stainess yentsimbi 1.4550 i-Sheheshers inee-Sersor zinezibuko ezidlulisela ubugcisa ngaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zokuluma kumphezulu weqela. Ukuba i-washer yeflethi iyafuneka ukuba ithathe umngxunya omkhulu kwiNdibano, i-nyloc yet (ye-NYLOLOn Faka) kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-347 I-HARDS yentsimbi engenasimo se-Austeritic Staners yentsimbi eyenziwe kwi-allomium equkethe i-chromium, i-nickel, molybdenum kunye nenitrogen ngomxholo wekhabhoni. I-Stainess yentsimbi 347 yerhasi isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomtsalane.

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.
IMyanmar (iBurmese)
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
Ubungakanani "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.19

I-304 \ / 304l i-staine engenasitayile isetyenziswa njengentsimbi enganyangekiyo yobushushu kwizixhobo zokutya, izixhobo zekhemikhali ngokubanzi, kunye nezixhobo ze-Atomic. Ukuchasana nokunganyangeki kwe-304 \ / 304l intsimbi engenasitali inamandla kune-200 yentsimbi engenasiseko. Iqondo lokushisa eliphezulu lingcono, lingaphezulu njenge-1000-1200 degrees. Intsimbi engama-304 ingenasinqena inesifo sokunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuxhathisa okuhle kwi-insosion engaphakathi.

Din125 34744447h i-Stainess ye-Stainess yentsimbi ye-M6 ye-M5 ye-Warcher M5 Copper I-Wisher 347-447h

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.
IMyanmar (iBurmese)
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
Ubungakanani "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
I-N08367 ye-tube ye-tube ye-al6xn ye-welded welded

I-SS 316L I-Piemp ye-Piemp ye-Ping inezityholo olungaphezulu phantsi koxinzelelo kunye nokubhena okuphezulu kwisibhengezo se-Weldpart.

I-ASME SA182 SS 317 FOOGES YESIQINISEKISO SE-MOLYBDUM UMGANGATHO WOKHUSELEKO SOKUKHUSELEKA IXESHA LOKUGQIBELA. Yeyona nto inyangekayo ye-corrosion ye-300 yoluhlu kwaye inoluhlu oluphezulu kunye ne-tensries ephezulu kunye namandla e-creep kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo.

Ezi ndawo ze-SS ezingama-347 zibonelela ngamandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuziphatha okuhle, iipropathi ezinobuchule bokuya kuthi ga kwi-600¡n fast (316¡c), kunye nokuba nobuhle kwintsimbi yesinyithi kunye ne-weld. Intsimbi yethu engenasitayile engama-347 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Aerospace, iChemical, Petrochemical, iPhepha lokutya, iphepha kunye noMsebenzi Jikelele weZinyithithi. Kwangelo xesha, din 1.4550 I-Whers ityhafile kune-ss 304 kwaye iya kuvelisa i-chips enesidima esilinganayo. I-Stainess yentsimbi ezingama-347 i-punch ihlonelwa kukunganyangeki ngokupheleleyo xa ityhilwe kubushushu kwi-800 ¨c 1500¡f (427 ¨c 816 RECYICRATION.

I-SAE 304 Intsimbi engenasimo yeyona nsihla ixhaphakileyo. Intsimbi iqulathe zombini i-chromium (phakathi kwe-18% ne-20%) kunye ne-NCECEL (phakathi kwe-8% ne-8% ne-10] yezinyithi njengeziindawo eziphambili zentsimbi. Sisinyithi esingenasimo esingenangqondo. Ingaphantsi kombane kunye nefuthe elinomsindo kunentsimbi yekharbon. Yimagnethi, kodwa ingaphantsi kunentsimbi. Inomchasi ophezulu wokungakhathali kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokukhululeka apho kusenziwa iimilo ezahlukeneyo. [1]

Ukuxhathisa ngokugcobayo kwi-oxidotion phantsi kweemeko ezinomsindo nge-2000 ukwenziwa kwe-310 imixholo ye-chromium ephezulu kunye ne-Nickel Medium kunye nezinye iindlela ezilungileyo kwi-Sulfivisotion. I-310 isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-Atmoral Admoral Acmoracy Asmorys enje ngokudibene neemeko zepetrochemicals.
Intsimbi engenasitayile 316 tee
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-ASTM i-ASTM i-SA182 i-asme ye-ASTE B16.5 304 316 347 Flanges
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi

I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.
Intsimbi engenasimo kufuneka iqulethe ubuncinci i-10,5 chromium. Kuxhomekeka kwibakala, kunokuba namanqanaba aphezulu eChromium, kunye nezithako ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngeMolybdenum, i-Nickel, i-titanium, i-aluminium, i-nitrogen, phosper, iphosper, i-phosper, i-phriger.

I-Alkey 926 (N08926) Alloty ye-Nickel iqulethe i-14.0-18.0% cr kunye ne-24.0% NI. Yi-nickel-esekwe kwi-titanum kunye ne-aluminium, nge-chromium eyaneleyo yokwenza kwaye igcine ubungakanani obaneleyo ye-chromium oxiessi ukuba bayikhusele phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.
Intsimbi engenasitayile 316 tee
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-ASTM i-ASTM i-SA182 i-asme ye-ASTE B16.5 304 316 347 Flanges
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi

I-Stainess yentsimbi 1.4550 i-Sheheshers inee-Sersor zinezibuko ezidlulisela ubugcisa ngaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zokuluma kumphezulu weqela. Ukuba i-washer yeflethi iyafuneka ukuba ithathe umngxunya omkhulu kwiNdibano, i-nyloc yet (ye-NYLOLOn Faka) kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-347 I-HARDS yentsimbi engenasimo se-Austeritic Staners yentsimbi eyenziwe kwi-allomium equkethe i-chromium, i-nickel, molybdenum kunye nenitrogen ngomxholo wekhabhoni. I-Stainess yentsimbi 347 yerhasi isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomtsalane.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasitali isetyenziswa ngokuyintloko kwiinkqubo zokwenza imibhobho yothutho lwee-snaw okanye iigesi. Senza umbhobho wentsimbi evela kwi-Allow yensimbi equkethe i-nickel kunye ne-chromium, enika i-staium, enika i-staines ye-scosion ye-Scorion. I-Stainess yentsimbi iphela i-oxidation, esenza isisombululo sokulungisa esiphantsi esilungele ubushushu obungaphezulu kunye nezicelo zekhemikhali.
Intsimbi engenasitayile 316 tee
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-ASTM A403 WPS31254 sch12s Asme B16.9 I-TAP ye-Tag ye-Stued Speb iphela
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi

I-ASTM i-A182 iFlange i-Flange yindlela yokudibanisa imibhobho, i-valves, iimpompo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza inkqubo yokufaka. Ikwabonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kokucoca, ukuhlola okanye ukuguqulwa. Iiflethi zihlala zidliwe okanye zikrexesiwe. Amalungu afakwe ngokuxhonywa ngokuhlamba kunye fives ezimbini nge-gasket phakathi kwabo ukuze banike itywina.
IMyanmar (iBurmese)
I-Duelplex yensimbi
Qhagamshelana nathi
IsiPhuthukezi
Khetha ulwimi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
Ubungakanani "OD: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" ""
I-alloy yensimbi
I-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
I-316l S31603 1.4401 Mcmaster-Carr Stib Stib

Imibhobho ye-pie yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-45 imibhobho ye-Asme B16.9
I-304 intsimbi engenasitali yokunganyangeki kakhulu, lo mdiliya wamkele i-World Foonge iqhotyoshelwe kwinkqubo nge-WOLDONALD entanyeni. Indawo ye-Wellded inokuvavanywa ngokulula yi-radiology. I-pipe ezenziwe ngombhobho kunye neflange i-flange inciphise isiphithiphithi kunye nokukhukuliseka ngaphakathi kombhobho. I-Flange ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zakho ezibalulekileyo kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, ioyile, igesi yendalo, kunye ne-steam.

Ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye iphinde isebenze ngokutsha, intsimbi engenanto yinzuzo ye-° GET Ngapha koko, kwicandelo lezokwakha, inqanaba layo lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo lisondele kwi-100%.

I-HT Pipe iboleka ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-20 yolwazi lweshishini kukhetho lwayo olukhethekileyo lwama-316 angenasitali sentsimbi.

Intsimbi yentsimbi engalunganga ye-th08904 i-bolt ifihuthi kwaye i-martianiticic intsimbi engenasithuba sonyango, kwaye inomxholo we-cires, kwaye inomxholo ophezulu we-1472.

I-Flange ikwisibini uninzi lwendlela ekujoyine ngayo emva kokudalwa. Iiflene zisetyenziswa xa amalungu afuna ukugculelwa. Inika ukutshintsha kwesondlo. Iflethi inxibelelanisa umbhobho kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwiivalve. Iiflethi zoqhawulo-mtshato zongezwa kwinkqubo ye-piholit ukuba igcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.