I-threatives enokhuphiswano kwintambo ye-N05500 monel K500 yentloko yentloko yentloko

I-Alloy 800 yi-nickel-chromium ye-chromium-chromium enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugcoba kwi-oxidotion kunye ne-comrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 W. NR. I-1.4876 ye-Welding isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kwenkonzo ukuya kwi-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-threak yexabiso lokukhuphisana alikho th05500 monel K500 yentloko yentloko yentloko-Zhengzzhou Huitong Izixhobo CO., Ltd.

Izityalo ezisebenzayo zemichiza zisebenzisa isiphelo esiphezulu, ukuchaneka okuphezulu, ezinjenge-cubing eshushu. Kukwakhona imibhobho ye-welded. I-Dotelloy C276 Altw I-EFW ityhubhu kulula ukuyisebenzisa. Inokuba yi-welding ngaphandle kokuqiniswa okukhulu. Eli nqaku linceda umbandela ogcina ubume bayo kwaye angabi sahlukana nangexesha lokufumana indalo.

I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

Imigaqo yokwenziwa kweekhemikhali ezichazwe kwisilinganiselo kufuneka ifezekiswe yipleyiti yentsimbi. Umxholo, kule meko i-duplex ye-2507 iphepha eliqengqelekayo, kufuneka lihlangabezane neepropathi ezifunekayo.

I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

I-Nin Alloy 36, W.nr 1.3912, ugqirha we-36 ® yi-nickel-intsimbi enolwandiso olune-36% ye-nickel, i-chacelin enolwandiso olunama-36% kwaye inesitayile se-therble yentsimbi.

Yenziwe ngendibaniselwano yokuthintela ubunzima obunzima kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-clososion, kunye nokuthambisa kunye nokuntywila kwe-cervice stion ngamandla aphindwe kabini kwi-300 yentsimbi engama-300.

I-Attelloy enganyangekiyo i-Corrosion isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngamashishini okuqhuba iikhemikhali. Isidingo sentsebenzo esinokuthenjwa sikhokelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kweenkalo zamandla, ezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ioyile kunye negesi, amayeza kunye neflimu yegesi.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.

Amagama orhwebo aqhelekileyo: i-nickel alloy 36, ungazama i-36 ®, nin 6®, i-peniffer 6®
Izibonelelo ezingama-304 nengama-3044 kukuchaswa kwe-oxidation yabo, ukwenza kakuhle, ukukhululeka komyinge, amandla acocekileyo, kunye nobushushu obulungileyo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi.
I-Polly 600 yokunganyangeki

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

I-ASTM A479 I-A479 I-S322 I-Nutes i-S32205 inesifo esihle se-S32205 inesidima esiqhelekileyo selding Arbang, i-tungsten arc welc welc wels, i-plas scling kunye ne-arc ene-arc wels. Thenga i-duplex yentsimbi engenasitayile esivela kuthi kumaxabiso entengiso akhokelayo.

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

ASME B16.47 Series A flanges are available in sizes 26″ to 60″ in 150, 300, 400, 600, 900 classes; Ngelixa i-Asme B167 Seringes B flenges ifumaneka nge-75, i-150, 300, engama-400, engama-400, ukuya kwi-60 ubungakanani kumabakala angama-600, amaBanga angama-900.

I-pie ye-pile yentsimbi yenziwe nge-carbon okanye ipleyiti yentsimbi, iiplate, iiprofayili, ukuya kwimo ethile enokwenza umsebenzi (Guqula umgaqo-nkqubo we-fluids okanye ireyithi) kwiinkqubo ze-piholi. Mostly these fittings includes steel elbow (45 or 90 degree bend), tee, reducer (concentric or eccentric reducer), cross, caps, nipple, flanges, gasket, studs and etc.

A789 ASTR3803 kwaye angabi-S32205 ngamabakala amabini e-upplex engasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ezi pumplex ze-duplex s31803 zaziwa ngokuchasene nokunganyangekala kwabo okuhle, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwanela kakuhle. I-A789 yinkcazo egubungela iityhubhu ezingenamthungo nezinebhulethi ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasibala.

Umbhobho we-HT unenkampani ecocekileyo yokuvelisa kunye nokuphuhlisa izinto eziphezulu ze-SS 316 \ / 316l. Ngexesha lovavanyo kunye nezigaba zemveliso, iqela lethu leengcali livavanya ngokungqongqo SS 316 \ / 316l ye-buttweld pile phumela.
I-ASTM A182 316l spacer ikhala i-riction ephezulu

Ayisiyo i-6625 Whangs Allongs 625, i-Innel 625 Flanger, i-N06625 ye-N0CEL-CHROIIUM-CHROIIUM-COLYBDENUM-MOLDBDENUM ye-ALTEY ESINOKUGQIBELA. Amandla e-Alloy 625, ungangaphumi n-N06625 ovela kwifuthe le-molybdenum kunye ne-niobium kwi-pickel-chromium ye-chromium. Nangona i-alloty yaphuhliswa ukuba amaqondo obushushu amaqondo obushushu, ukwabiwa kwayo kakhulu kubonelela ngenqanaba elibalulekileyo lokuchasana ngokubanzi.

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

Zininzi iindlela ezahlukeneyo zentsimbi ezili-16 ezingenasiseko. Ezinye iintlobo eziqhelekileyo nguYehova, f, n, kunye ne-H. Ngamnye umntu wahlukile kancinci kwaye ngamnye usebenzela injongo eyahlukileyo. "L" kuthetha i-316l intsimbi inekhabhoni engaphantsi kwe-316.

I-ASTM B472 YAYI-N08020 yeeflevu
I-Din 125 Plain
I-flaves ezingama-254 ye-ATTM ye-ASTM i-A182 inolwazi nge-1 \ / i-intshi ezi-2 ukuya kwi-inches ezingama-48. Kukho imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yokulawula ubukhulu obufana ne-Asme, i-Dis, Din kunye neminye imigangatho yamazwe jikelele.
I-Din 933 hex bolt ngentambo epheleleyo

I-SAE 310S Intsimbi ye-Stainel yinguqulelo ye-cirbon ephantsi ye-310 kwaye icetyiswa ngezicelo apho imvakalelo, kunye ne-comrosion elandelayo ngamaqondo obushushu e-Gases okanye i-Conmpagates ngexesha lokuvalwa kwengqondo kunokubangela ingxaki.

Ayisiyonga i-N06002 \ / distelloy x, i-HATERNOY C260, ASTLLONY C276, ASTLLLOY B1066

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

Esona sizathu siqhelekileyo sezinto ekungeneni kungenxa yokuba yi-alloy yokuba, ngaphandle kokuveza ubushushu obuphezulu, inika intsebenzo eseleyo xa kufakwa izabelo ezifanayo.

Intsimbi engenasitayile i-Austelitic Chromium i-Nickeli iNkeleli intsimbi, enokumelana nokunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokunganyangeki. Ngenxa yomxholo omkhulu we-chromium kunye ne-nickel, inamandla amahle, inokuqhubeka ngokuqhubekayo kubushushu obuphezulu, kwaye ixhathisa ubushushu obuphezulu.

I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto ye-304 yeyona nto iguqukayo kwaye isetyenziswa iBakala lentsimbi engenasitali kwimarike, iBanga le-304 yeBanga lama-304 lelona nqanaba lisetyenziswayo kwimveliso. Imibhobho yentsimbi engenasithumbu ingama-304 ngokuyintloko ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kwizicwangciso zokwenza intsholongwane ngakumbi malunga nolawulo lwe-nitrogen.

I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.
I-pie ye-pume yentsimbi
www.ebepe.com
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
Uphononongo lwabathengi
I-nickel alloy yombhobho kunye netyhubhu
I-Asme B16.36 ye-Orifice ephezulu ye-Orifice
I-Deppex i-Steel
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni ye-ASME B18.2.1
I-PREGETE I-PROFIICS ishushu \ / Umsebenzi oshushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo
I-Deplex Plates Plates kunye ne-Sheet

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

I-Alloy C-276 ikwaxhathisa ngokugqwesileyo ekuthandeni, uxinzelelo-i-oxcodion-stionrals famines ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1900¡n. I-Alloy C-276 ixhathisa kakhulu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zemichiza.

I-Asme SA ezingama-234 ye-carbon steel ye-pume ye-pie ards

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

Imodeli ye-K500 ye-bolts kunye namandongomane asetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina. Yi-nickel-copeare alloy ene-63% i-nickel kunye ne-27% ye-27%, phakathi kwezinye izinto.

I-Super Alfs ikwabizwa ngokuba ziintsebenzo zomsebenzi ophakamileyo. Zineento ezininzi kwindibaniselwano eyahlukileyo edaliweyo ukubonelela ngeepropathi ezikhethekileyo zezinto ezithile.

I-A182 iklasi ye-A182 i-SOCT ye-Weld ye-Weld yaqulunqwa kwasekuqaleni imibhobho ephezulu yoxinzelelo. Banamandla afanayo afanayo njengokutyibilika - kodwa babe ngama-50% amandla aphezulu okukhathala ngaphezu kwesilayidi se-weldip-kwiflethi.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi

Khetha ulwimi
I-Stainess Steel 904l Bolt lilungu lentsapho ye-alloty yensimbi, enolondolozo olune-10 pesenti ukuya kwiipesenti ezingama-30 zezinto ze-chromium. Esi sixhobo sinikezela ukumelana okungaphezulu kubushushu kunye nemeko yokungakhathali, ukuba iphantsi kwecarbon. Izinto ezizodwa ezifana ne-sulfuur, i-aluminium, kunye ne-titanium isebenza njengenkxaso enkulu ye-904l yensimbi yentsimbi engenasiseko.

I-ASTM B622 I-DATELLLOY B2 I-BIP ye-BEAMFOY i-B2 yaziwa ngokukodwa ukuba ibonise ukunganyangeki okugqwesileyo ekucoceni kwimithombo yeendaba inciphisa i-hydrochloric acid.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.

Zombini ezi zinto zihlala zifumaneka, ziphantsi kwengqwalaselo yorhwebo, kunye nokucaciswa okuthile okunciphisa ubushushu benkonzo bamabakala angama-800h.

Iipropathi zoomatshini obufezekisiweyo zixhomekeke kwizinto ezongeziweyo njengeNickel, iChromium, molybdenum kunye ne-dadium. Oku kulandelayo luthotho lwepropathi ephuculweyo yentsimbi yentsimbi (xa kuthelekiswa ne-carbon yentsimbi): amandla, ubunzima, ubunzima, ukunganyangeki, ubunzima obushushu. Ukufezekisa ezinye zezi zinto ziphuculweyo, isinyithi sinokufuna unyango lobushushu.

I-flaves inganxunguphaliswa, udidi lweringi, i-ring, i-genent edibeneyo, intamo ye-sld okanye i-welket ye-welding.

I-Nickel esekwe kwi-800 ye-hexagonal yombhobho owaziwayo ukuba uxhathise kakuhle ukungangqinelani. Ngokukhethekileyo ukuthetha, umbhobho we-play 800 unika ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-carbring kunye ne-corosion ye-oxivide.
I-pie ye-pume yentsimbi
www.ebepe.com
Intsimbi ye-alloy
Azerbaijani
Uphononongo lwabathengi
I-nickel alloy yombhobho kunye netyhubhu
I-Asme B16.36 ye-Orifice ephezulu ye-Orifice
I-Deppex i-Steel
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni ye-ASME B18.2.1
I-PREGETE I-PROFIICS ishushu \ / Umsebenzi oshushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo
I-Hex Bolt £ ¨idl Thread £ ¬partial Thread)

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

Idibanisa ukunganyangeki kwemolution ye-monel K-500 kodwa inika ithuba elongeziweyo lamandla ongezelelweyo kunye nobunzima (ngenxa yokwazi ukwaphuka komgangatho).

I-Flange ikwisibini uninzi lwendlela ekujoyine ngayo emva kokudalwa. Iiflene zisetyenziswa xa amalungu afuna ukugculelwa. Inika ukutshintsha kwesondlo. Iflethi inxibelelanisa umbhobho kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwiivalve. Iiflethi zoqhawulo-mtshato zongezwa kwinkqubo ye-piholit ukuba igcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

Imodeli ye-K500 ye-bolts kunye namandongomane asetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo ngenxa yokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu, ukuxhathisa okuphezulu kunye nokuqina. Yi-nickel-copeare alloy ene-63% i-nickel kunye ne-27% ye-27%, phakathi kwezinye izinto.
I-Dotelloy C276 2.4819 Iinkqubo zokuphembelela zangaphambili zokunganyangeki kulwakhiwo lomda wokudla okuziinkozo

I-ASTM B472 I-H080 yeeflevu ezingama-20 i-flanges ibonelela ngentsebenzo elungileyo kwi-sulfuric acid, ngokukodwa banikezela ngokuchasene ne-20% ye-40% ukuya kwi-gestic acid echasayo.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.