I-Allod A193 B7 A19 2 2h Wheads

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-Dotelloy C2000 ifumaneka kubungakanani beempawu kunye nobungqingili, olu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ludume ngamandla alo oluphangaleleyo kunye nokungaxhathisi.

IBakala 2205 lelona nqanaba lisetyenziswa kakhulu kwibanga lentsimbi. Iziqinisekiso zalebakala zifumana izicelo ngenxa yokungaxhathisi bawo ngokuchaseneyo kunye namandla abo aphezulu.
I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 yeplate

I-1 i-intshi

Abavelisi bentsimbi engenasitayile abangama-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-Stainess yentsimbi
I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.
Umbhobho we-800h enemibhobho ye-ADLOY nge-temp ephezulu

I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.

I-Attelloy enganyangekiyo i-Corrosion isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngamashishini okuqhuba iikhemikhali. Isidingo sentsebenzo esinokuthenjwa sikhokelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kweenkalo zamandla, ezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ioyile kunye negesi, amayeza kunye neflimu yegesi.

Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
Sinikezela ngezi-A30900 \ / s31000 \ / s31008 flanges ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kufana nohlobo lweringi odibeneyo, ukunciphisa iiflethi, iiflethi ezixhokonxayo, iflethi ye-screnged, i-screen hels, intamo ye-Woot ye-Woonges, iflethi ye-WOLD, njl.

I-Alloy 800 yi-nickel-chromium ye-chromium-chromium enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugcoba kwi-oxidotion kunye ne-comrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 W. NR. I-1.4876 ye-Welding isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kwenkonzo ukuya kwi-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

A789 ASTR3803 kwaye angabi-S32205 ngamabakala amabini e-upplex engasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ezi pumplex ze-duplex s31803 zaziwa ngokuchasene nokunganyangekala kwabo okuhle, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwanela kakuhle. I-A789 yinkcazo egubungela iityhubhu ezingenamthungo nezinebhulethi ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasibala.

I-U-Bolt Medium Carbon Steel iqulethe i-0.3-0.59% yekhabhoni, enikezela nge-nofloy enamandla anyukayo kunye nokuchitha okuhle. Kulula ukuya kumatshini kwaye isetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye ze-formation kunye ne-auto. I-carbon yekhabhoni ephezulu kunye ne-ultra-right ye-carbon steel yomelele kwaye isetyenziswa kwimithombo kunye neemveliso eziphezulu zamandla. Ezi allos zinokuhlala zinobunzima obukhulu ngaphandle kokufumana iBrittle kwaye zisetyenziswa kwizicelo eziphakamileyo kakhulu. Umxholo wekhabhoni wale alsys yi-0.6-0.99.99% ye-carbon yekharbon kunye ne-1.0-2.0% i-iltra ephezulu yekhuselo.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.

I-317 yeentonga ezingenasitali ezingenasitali ziintonga zentsimbi ezingenasidingo ezingenasinqwazi ezenziwe kwi-alloys equkethe i-chromium, i-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum. Intsimbi engenasinqwazi 317 yentonga enesitayile yokusetyenziswa kwiindawo zoncedo. I-ASTM A276 Uhlobo 317 luphawu lwebakala lezinto ezibonakalayo ze-317 ezisebenzayo ezisebenza ngentsimbi okanye i-bar enesitayile esisebenzayo okanye esichengeni, isikwere, i-hexagonal, kunye nezinye iimilo ezishushu ezikhutshiweyo. I-ATTM A276 igubungela ubume bekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, unyango lobushushu, kunye nezinye iimfuno zentsimbi ezingenasitali ezingama-317, isikwere, kunye nezinye iiprofayili ezikhutshiweyo.

I-bolts eyenziwe nge-Aloty 926 yi-supertitic molybdenum ye-molybdenum yentsimbi enokuchasana ne-corosion elonakeleyo kwi-Super Deplex 2507, kodwa ngamandla aphantsi kunye neendleko. Imichiza iphantse yalingana ne-6-molybdenum alloys al6xn kwaye i-smobn 254, alloy 926 isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwimilambo yamaphepha, ukuchithwa kunye neendawo ezinobulali.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

I-SCH40 ye-SCH40 ye-SCHE4000 ichongwe njengenombolo ye-Werkstof 2.4360 kwaye ingabi-nye N04400. I-Allow Gipe eyaziwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-nol-500, imodeli engama-400 yemodeli kunye ne-nickel alloy 400.

I-Dotelloy G30 i-Aretelloy Alwis ibonisa ukumelana ngcono kwi-phosphoric acid ye-phoskeric okanye izabelo ze-iron okanye iron. Isicelo sayo njengomhluzi we-acid kwishishini lokuchumisa lindanda imihla ngemihla.

I-Chromium Morlybdenum inenqanaba elingcono lomzimba kunensimbi, elo ivumela abaqulunqisi ukuba basebenzise ityhubhu enqwenelekayo okanye ityhubhu encinci yokunciphisa ubunzima.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

I-Nickel 200 Slip kwiFutes I-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iyahlala, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

I-planes ye-UNOLL 718 ixhathisa i-oxidotion kunye neyosulwa kwiqondo lobushushu ngaphakathi kumandla asebenzayo akwaa-Allosty kwi-Injini yeJet kunye ne-turbine ye-turbine.

I-Chromium (okanye i-chromium) kwi-A335 yinto eyiyo kwimveliso yentsimbi engenasitayile. Iimveliso zensimbi zichazwa njengamachaphaza angenasiseko nge-12% okanye ngaphezulu kongezwe iChromium. I-Chromium isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yeepropathi zayo zokuchasana nobushushu kwaye ayinakufikeleleka ngokobungqina kwi-oxidotion kwizicelo zeqondo lobushushu obuphezulu.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

Imigangatho ebekiweyo ye-ASTM A694 ingqongqo kunale zimbini zingasentla. Iimfuno zayo zosulelo oluphezulu lwe-oyile zeoyile kunye negesi yingqongqo. Ngenxa yeemeko ezingqongqo kunye nenqanaba lentsimbi, abavelisi kufuneka baphuhlise intsimbi eyomeleleyo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ibanga B7 i-chromium ethathwa ngobushushu ye-chromium-molybdenum yentsimbi enamalungu amancinci e-125 ksi (860 Mpa), i-75 ye-MPA), kunye nobunzima obuphezulu be-35HRC.

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

Ezi zinto zixhaphakileyo zikwanceda ukuthatha ukuqagela ngaphandle kokucoca, ukuvumela ukuba usebenzise iindlela ezomeleleyo kunye neecoci ukuba acoceke ngentsimbi engaqhelekanga ngakumbi ngaphandle kwentsimbi yakho engenasigaba.

Iityhubhu ze-SS ezingama-304 zibonelela ngamanye amachaphaza aphezulu kwi-teafericales eninzi yeMizi-mveliso kunye neMichiza yeKhemikhali. Okwangoku, intsimbi yethu yentsimbi yentsimbi itsaliwe iityhubhu ezingama-304 zinokwenziwa okuphuculweyo ngokumangalisayo kwaye zinokuphuculwa yonke indlela ekulungelelaniseni umgangatho ophezulu ngazo zonke iindlela ezisemgangathweni

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

I-Poll 600 ibha yomjikelo ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-Allot 600 okanye ayi-n06600 \ / w.nr. 2.4816. I-chemic, i-intelnel 600 Din 2.4816 Ibar inezinto ezintathu eziphambili zabelwe, ezizezi, i-NECKEL, iChokel, i-iron yeyona ndawo iphambili ye-nowayo.

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.

Zininzi iipropathi ezintle ezifumaneka kwimveliso efanayo ngenxa yemveliso engcono yephepha. La ngamandla aphezulu e-subile, ukuchaneka okuhle, ukugqiba komgangatho, ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqina, ukuxabana kwemithwalo enzima, ukwakhiwa okuqinileyo kunye nokunganyangeki. Ukuxhathisa kwi-Sorisosion, uxinzelelo loxinzelelo lwe-Corrosion, i-Crevice yoCravice I-Oxidation \ / ukubeka i-oxidation \ / ukubekwa kukungasebenzi kuya kwenza ukuba ilungele izixhobo ezahlukeneyo.

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

I-ASTM A182 i-dupplex yentsimbi engenasithuba sokunganyangeki kakhulu

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.
I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.
I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

I-Nickel Alo Alloty engama-400 kunye nemoni engama-400, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-N04400, yi-gucy ye-huckile-olwe-olwe-of thecker-esekwe kwi-nicker-thewores. I-Nickel Alo Allo of 400 yaziwa ngokuba yixhathiso lwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Alkalis (okanye i-AIDS), amanzi ityuwa, i-SULDFUORIC Acid, kunye ne-sulfuoric acid. Ukususela kwimowango engama-400 okanye i-Alod 400 yintsimbi ebibandayo esetyenzisiweyo, eli alloy linobuqili obukhulu, ukuqina kunye namandla. Ngokubanda ukusebenza kwe-ASTM B164 I-N04400 i-Bar ye-N04400, i-alloy iphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo loomatshini, onokuthi ubangela utshintsho kulwakhiwo luka-Abrey.

Ukongezwa kobhedu kweli nqanaba kunika iipropathi ezinganyangekiyo ezinganyangekiyo kwi-chrome ye-chrome i-chrome i-chrome icocekile, ngakumbi kwi-sulfuric, phosphoric kunye ne-acetic acids.

Umbhobho we-800ht 800ht kukuguqulwa kancinci ukuya kwi-Afloys. Kule mibhobho i-Titanium edibeneyo kunye ne-aluminium ivumela imibhobho ukuba isebenze kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kwe-800h Alfs. Zombini ezi alloti zinokuqinisekiswa kabini kwaye zikhethwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiseti yeqondo eliphezulu.
I-Din 912 HEX yeSoket ye-cap cap
I-Kovar alloy 4j29
isiLuksembogu
Ityhubhu yethumba
Ayisi: K94610 i-Astm F15
I-Corrosion-Universi enganyangekiyo
I-C2000 I-ALTELLOY ALTEY TUIT DATELLLOY C2000 I-PIP ye-Wipe
I-Stainess yentsimbi
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.19

I-nickel alloy yombhobho kunye netyhubhu
I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

I-Din975 317-317l emnyama kwimo yentsimbi ye-8-33 ye-rods rods rods rod 317-317l rods rods

I-Dotelloy C-4 yi-nickel-chromium-molybdenum oxuty ngozinzo oluphezulu lobushushu. Inengxaki enkulu kunye nokunganyangeki. Kuyinyani yeqondo lobushushu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1900 ¡ã ã F¡

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

I-316l ikwayintsimbi enkulu engaqhelekanga yobushushu obuphezulu, ukusetyenziswa okuphezulu kwe-corrosion, yiyo loo nto ithandwa kakhulu ngokusetyenziswa kwiiprojekthi zokwakha nezaselwandle.

I-Asme B16.5 yeka i-Nickel Alkel Alfy Flonge Sulf Adral 718 Werktof nr. I-2.4668

Njengayenye i-iNCECLS, yi-Ductile, kulula ukwenza kwaye i-weld, kwaye ixhathise i-charsosion yoxinzelelo kwi-crasides kwi-chloride

I-310 i-310s yentsimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-A182 i-Stainess F310s Fienges Abathengisi

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

Imigangatho ye-ATTM ye-A193 B7 i-T7 inobugqi obuqhelekileyo besinyithi. Nangona kunjalo, i-ASTM A193 IBakala B7 le-B7 le-B7 le-B7 inokuthi ichithwe, i-daip eshushu, i-xolon iqulethwe, i-TEFLOLO iqulethwe ukuba iceliwe ngumthengi. Ukudibana kwe-ATM ye-A193 B7 kunceda ukuphucula ukunganyangeki kwabantu. Le nqanaba le-ASTM A193 iBakala B7m le-B7m ihlala isetyenziselwa ukuqinisa izixhobo zenkonzo zeqondo lobushushu. Ezi bolts ze-wilts icinyiwe kwi-50¡Nonãf ukuya kwi-900¡n ãnãf kwaye zinokuba ngumoya ocinyiwe ukusuka -40¡ing ukuya kwi-900¡n ¡.

I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).

I-ASTM SB 366 Alloty i-400 money 400 i-n04400 i-tube igoba ngokuchasene nokunganyangekiyo kuxinzelelo

Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi

Ukunyanzelwa yenye yezona ndlela zindala zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iinxalenye zensimbi, ukuphucula iipropathi zabo ezinjengokudinwa, ukumelana nefuthe kunye nokungakhathali.

Iipropathi zoomatshini zezixhobo ze-Indel ze-Indel ze-Indel ze-Polnel zinomdla kakhulu, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ityhilwe kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, i-ASTM B366 i-N07718 i-Indel ye-Allnel 818 i-Fight inabandla esiphakamileyo se-rivture kwiqondo lokuphakama eliphakamileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-700 degrees Celsius.

Ngenxa yazo zonke ezi propati, zisetyenziswa kwiinjini zeRocket, imizimba yePump, iinjini zeJETS kunye ne-nycleard reversers. Iiflene ze-UNOLL 718 zivumela i-welding kwaye zingene kubushushu kunye nonyango olubandayo ngaphandle kokuqina.

Gqiba i-GARMAN YOKUGQIBELA, I-DE-DIP-Dall-Dep, i-PTFE, i-zinc ickel, i-caickel emnyama, icacile

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

Iiflethi ze-Alloty ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza isabelo sensimbi engenasiseko. I-Nickel ma-201 fufnes yenziwa nge-nealoty ye-nickel kunye neChromium enamacandelo esi-silicon, i-Iron, neManganese. Ezi fickel Afley Allovey zisetyenziswa kwi-turbine kunye nezityalo zokuchitha, apho amanzi olwandle aguqulwa abe ngamanzi amatsha.