I-S31803 ye-pick yombhobho

Iphepha le-Superx supplex s3250 lindanda amandla e-thensile kunye namandla okuvelisa. I-Super Deppex Steel Adplet S32750 iplate inezinto ezintle kunye nobunzima. Iplati ye-Aisi S32750 iplate inomchasi ofanelekileyo xa uthelekiswa ne-Duplex. Izinto ezikwi-uper upuplex ye-SEELLX STEEL S32750 iplate inamachaphaza amanqam ephakamileyo.

I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.

I-Attelloy enganyangekiyo i-Corrosion isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngamashishini okuqhuba iikhemikhali. Isidingo sentsebenzo esinokuthenjwa sikhokelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kweenkalo zamandla, ezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ioyile kunye negesi, amayeza kunye neflimu yegesi.

I-Nin Alloy 36, W.nr 1.3912, ugqirha we-36 ® yi-nickel-intsimbi enolwandiso olune-36% ye-nickel, i-chacelin enolwandiso olunama-36% kwaye inesitayile se-therble yentsimbi.

I-UNOLL 625 COIC ibonakaliswa kukungaxhathisi ngokugqwesileyo kwi-oxidation, kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokudinwa. I-ASTM B443 ipleyiti ye-N06625 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-Aerospace, ukuqhubekiswa kweekhemikhali kunye nemizi-mveliso yeoyile kunye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuqinana nakwimeko ezigqithisileyo.

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

I-chromium, iMolybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yandisa ukunganyangeki ekupheliseni ukungakhathali. I-nickel ibeka ubume be-austititic.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yeoyile ye-oli

Inqaku le-nickel kunye ne-molybdenum le-ASTM B575 I-ACTELLLOY C-276 Amashiti ase-AIDS ngokuxhathisa kwabo ekupheliseni nasekucuthani iimeko.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-SCH40 ye-SCH40 ye-SCHE4000 ichongwe njengenombolo ye-Werkstof 2.4360 kwaye ingabi-nye N04400. I-Allow Gipe eyaziwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-nol-500, imodeli engama-400 yemodeli kunye ne-nickel alloy 400.

I-Alloy 800 yi-nickel-chromium ye-chromium-chromium enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugcoba kwi-oxidotion kunye ne-comrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 W. NR. I-1.4876 ye-Welding isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kwenkonzo ukuya kwi-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Imivalo yentsimbi kunye neentonga
Ayisi: K94610 i-Astm F15
Singomnye wabavelisi abaphambili base-SA105n ukunciphisa i-Wollight Foonge, kwaye abaxumi bethu bangaphambili boloko banelisekile ziimveliso zethu ngenxa yamaxabiso aphezulu aphezulu kunye nawo ofanelekileyo.
I-S32750 duppplex yombhobho 1.4410 umbhobho

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.

ASTESS S32205 i-Nuts (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-S31803) zenziwa kwi-valex ephezulu ye-2205 yentsimbi engenasibala. Kuba ezi zixhobo ziqulunqwe ubuncinci i-22% ye-chromium, i-6% i-Nickel kunye ne-3% ye-molybdenum inokumelana neentlobo ezininzi ze-insulion ezingenakona njengokulungela izinyithi, ukuqhekeza, ukuphakama, ukubetha nangaphezulu. I-Super Depex yentsimbi engenasitali ezingama-2205 ikwabonelela kabini ngamandla athelekiswa nentsimbi engaqhelekanga.

I-Stainess yentsimbi
Intsimbi engama-304 yeyona ndlela ixhaphakileyo yentsimbi engenasimo ehlabathini ngenxa yokunganyangeki kunye nexabiso. Ine-16% ukuya kwi-24% chromium ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35% i-nickel, kunye nexabiso elincinci lekhabhoni neManganese.

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.
I-Dupex Plate 4 × 8 iPhepha leDepex 1.4462 iplate

I-NYLOC ST, ikwabhekiswa kuyo njenge-nylon-faka i-nylon itshiphu, i-polymer-fack itshixa i-nate, okanye i-elastic yendawo ye-Nylon, luhlobo lokuvala i-nylon kwintambo ye-nylon enyukayo kwintambo ye-nylon enyukayo kwintambo ye-nylon enyukayo kwintambo ye-nylon.

Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

Njengomntu onobuchule oqinisekileyo, ukumelana ne-corrosion-nickel-nickel 70 \ / i-30 yombhobho kunye netyhubhu yethumba yenza ukuba ukongezwa kweshishini elifuna ukumelana nokunganyangeki.

I-Flange ikwisibini uninzi lwendlela ekujoyine ngayo emva kokudalwa. Iiflene zisetyenziswa xa amalungu afuna ukugculelwa. Inika ukutshintsha kwesondlo. Iflethi inxibelelanisa umbhobho kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwiivalve. Iiflethi zoqhawulo-mtshato zongezwa kwinkqubo ye-piholit ukuba igcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

Intamo ye-Alloty Steel Foonge inentamo ye-weldayidi kwi-welding kuyo ephethe imibhobho enkulu kwindawo kunye nokufakwa.

Chwetheza \ "i-borel bolt hex bolt £ ¨Paler ran ¬sur £ ¬sud I-^ M100 £ ¬hex Bolt £ ºm6 ~ m64 i-asme £ ...

I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).

Iinkqubo zokupheliswa kwangaphambili ze-al6xn zangaphambili ezisetyenziswayo kwiindawo ezinomsindo
I-S31803 i-dupplex yentsimbi yi-22% ye-duplex (i-Austiitic \ / ferricuic) intsimbi enesidima esifanelekileyo kunye ne-corrosion \ / i-Corposion Corrosion \ / / ukumelana noxinzelelo.
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "

I-UNOLL 718 inokuchazwa njenge-NECKEL-CHROIIUR ALTED equlathe i-molybdenum, i-Niobium, intsimbi kunye ne-titanum kakhulu ye-titanum kunye ne-aluminium. Imivalo ye-Innel 718 imijikelezo yomelele kwaye ibonisa isivuno esimangalisayo.

I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

Unyango oluqinileyo lwesicocilo: i-alloy ifudunyelelwa kwi-REGICING I-INDAWO YOKUGQIBELA NOKUGQIBELA, ukuze inqanaba eligqithisileyo lichithwe ngokupheleleyo kwisisombululo esiqinileyo, emva koko sipholile ukufumana isisombululo esomeleleyo.

Iqondo lobushushu kubushushu lihlala lisonyuka kuba basebenza ngokomgaqo wokudluliselwa kobushushu. Ngelixa ityhubhu ye-A789 inokubamba eyakhe inobushushu obuphakamileyo, akucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe kubushushu ngaphezulu kwe-600f. I-Dubex 2205 ityhubhu inokuba bhebhu kwaye ibole amaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-600f.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.
I-Age-Harneli ingena nzulu i-Polnel I-Polner I-Hex i-hex iibhotile zinokuyifumana ngokulula, nokuba ibe ngamaxabiso anzima. I-Alborts i-Allt SILLS ikwafumaneka kwi-turbine ye-turbine, itywina kunye ne-shaftres evuthayo, i-sumples, i-sumples, i-sumples, i-sublersings ye-sumputer, i-Trimogenic yetanki yokugcina. Iinjini zeJet, imizimba yePump kunye neeNdawo, iinjini zeRokethi kunye nokubuyela umva, izixhobo ze-nuclear felthus, izixhobo ezishushu.

I-A182-F11 yi-American Pearlication Storemings ye-Pearlication Aurations, imigangatho yokuphunyezwa: i-ASTM-A182 \ / A182m-2017.
I-304l yentsimbi engenasitayile
isiLuksembogu
I-S31803 yombhobho
Umbhobho we-weldied
Uphononongo lwabathengi
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Pool i-600 ye-pume, i-ellows kunye neziCwangciso
Ubukhulu: sch5 ~ schxxs
Umbhobho we-800h enemibhobho ye-ADLOY nge-temp ephezulu

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Dotelloy B-2 Alloy. I-nickel-molybdenum ye-Allocy echasayo i-hydrochloric kunye ne-sulfuric acids kwi-Welded.hastelloy B2 yi-nickel-molybdenum-molybdenum ehambelana nokuncipha kwemeko.

I-SATY N08825 iFlange i-825 flanges yenye yohlobo olunjalo lweflethi enokuchasa okukhulu ekunciphiseni i-oxids. Baphambene ukuphucula ukumelana kwazo ekulahlekeni kwaye bacocekile kwi-weld

I-Dupex 2507 ineempawu ezintle zezomatshini. Rhoqo igeji yokukhanya kwezinto ezingama-2507 inokusetyenziswa ukufezekisa amandla oyilo olufanayo lwe-nicker afket.

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

I-Din976 i-n06600-I-Innel I-Poreyitha i-Tuintal Alkel Altlity Stub I-Bolt I-Bool

Ezi zixhobo kufuneka zilungiselelwe uvavanyo lwe-chardy chardy v kubushushu be-246¡, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ingasebenza kwinkonzo yobushushu esezantsi, umzekelo kwimozulu ebandayo, ubusika okanye ubusika okanye ubusika.

Oku kusetyenziswa ekufumaneni iityhubhu, ii-boilers kunye nezitshisi ze-Super. Ngamanye amaxesha izicelo, oku kusetyenziswa kwaye kuyafumaneka kwezinye iisayizi ezahlukeneyo kunye nemilo.

Ngokubanzi, i-duplex yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-S31803 inokusetyenziswa njengendawo yokuthenga i-Aleiness yensizi ye-904l, njenge-2205 iplate ineepropathi ezifanayo kodwa ixabisa kakhulu.

I-Nickel esekwe kwi-800 ye-hexagonal yombhobho owaziwayo ukuba uxhathise kakuhle ukungangqinelani. Ngokukhethekileyo ukuthetha, umbhobho we-play 800 unika ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-carbring kunye ne-corosion ye-oxivide.

Iqondo lobushushu kubushushu lihlala lisonyuka kuba basebenza ngokomgaqo wokudluliselwa kobushushu. Ngelixa ityhubhu ye-A789 inokubamba eyakhe inobushushu obuphakamileyo, akucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe kubushushu ngaphezulu kwe-600f. I-Dubex 2205 ityhubhu inokuba bhebhu kwaye ibole amaqondo obushushu ngaphezulu kwe-600f.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.
I-Age-Harneli ingena nzulu i-Polnel I-Polner I-Hex i-hex iibhotile zinokuyifumana ngokulula, nokuba ibe ngamaxabiso anzima. I-Alborts i-Allt SILLS ikwafumaneka kwi-turbine ye-turbine, itywina kunye ne-shaftres evuthayo, i-sumples, i-sumples, i-sumples, i-sublersings ye-sumputer, i-Trimogenic yetanki yokugcina. Iinjini zeJet, imizimba yePump kunye neeNdawo, iinjini zeRokethi kunye nokubuyela umva, izixhobo ze-nuclear felthus, izixhobo ezishushu.

Le mibhobho ye-SS 904l kunye ne-SS 904L Iityhubhu zenziwa ngokusebenzisa umgangatho we-100 nococekile kwizinto ezingafunekiyo kunye nokusebenzisa itekhnoloji yakutshanje.

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

Sinikezela ngoluhlu olubanzi lwe-A105 ye-carbon synge, ikharbon a105 iflethi, i-CS A105 iflethi, i-carbon ye-ping, i-carbon stees a105 iflethi eIndiya. Le mpahla ye-carbon i-a105 intamo isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimizi-mveliso yokufunda eyahlukeneyo.

A789 ASTR3803 kwaye angabi-S32205 ngamabakala amabini e-upplex engasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ezi pumplex ze-duplex s31803 zaziwa ngokuchasene nokunganyangekala kwabo okuhle, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwanela kakuhle. I-A789 yinkcazo egubungela iityhubhu ezingenamthungo nezinebhulethi ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasibala.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

I-Nickel Alo Alloty engama-400 kunye nemoni engama-400, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-N04400, yi-gucy ye-huckile-olwe-olwe-of thecker-esekwe kwi-nicker-thewores. I-Nickel Alo Allo of 400 yaziwa ngokuba yixhathiso lwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Alkalis (okanye i-AIDS), amanzi ityuwa, i-SULDFUORIC Acid, kunye ne-sulfuoric acid. Ukususela kwimowango engama-400 okanye i-Alod 400 yintsimbi ebibandayo esetyenzisiweyo, eli alloy linobuqili obukhulu, ukuqina kunye namandla. Ngokubanda ukusebenza kwe-ASTM B164 I-N04400 i-Bar ye-N04400, i-alloy iphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo loomatshini, onokuthi ubangela utshintsho kulwakhiwo luka-Abrey.

I-Big ye-Bight Bar 1.4462 i-dupplex bar i-bar eqaqambileyo yentsimbi ye-S31803 bar

Inconel 600 fittings are made from a nickel-chromium alloy that contains a minimum of 72% nickel and 14% chromium in a composition with carbon, manganese, silicon, sulfur, copper and iron.

I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dupplex ye-Staines yentsimbi kunye ne-Pipes egqwesileyo yaseKhaya

I-bolts kunye namantongomane ziwela phantsi kwe-ASTM B166 ye-ASTM B166 ye-Innel eshushu nebandayo ye-600 yeBir, iBarts kunye namandongomane. IMigangatho iyahluka kwi-Din, i-ASTM, i-BS nayo yonke eminye imigangatho yehlabathi. Abantu abaneentshukumo ezingama-600 banokwahluka kubude bobude besiqhelo kunye ne-3mm ukuya kwi-200mm, kunye nobungakanani obuvela kwi-M56 kunye ne-3 \ / 2 "ukuya ku-2". Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-bolts kunye namantongomane kwi-Alloty engama-600 efana ne-T-nus, ipleyinti, i-manuts, i-zulling gouts kunye ne-hists kunye ne-hex bolts.

I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Dotelloy C276 yi-nickel-chromium-molybdenum wenza ulwaliselo oluthathwa njengeyona alrosisture ye-noty ekhoyo.

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi