I-Preset 36 Ingcaciso: Ayikho K93600, W.nr 1.3912

I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).
Sika ubude, phinda kabini kwaye ungatshatanga

I-Alloy 800 yi-nickel-chromium ye-chromium-chromium enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugcoba kwi-oxidotion kunye ne-comrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 W. NR. I-1.4876 ye-Welding isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kwenkonzo ukuya kwi-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-ASTM A105 ikwabizwa ngokuba yi-carbon sensi, ibhekisa kumxholo wekhabhoni ye-WC ngaphantsi kwe-2% yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-Iron Allon alloy.

I-Nickel esekwe kwi-800 ye-hexagonal yombhobho owaziwayo ukuba uxhathise kakuhle ukungangqinelani. Ngokukhethekileyo ukuthetha, umbhobho we-play 800 unika ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-carbring kunye ne-corosion ye-oxivide.

I-UNOLL 625 COIC ibonakaliswa kukungaxhathisi ngokugqwesileyo kwi-oxidation, kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokudinwa. I-ASTM B443 ipleyiti ye-N06625 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-Aerospace, ukuqhubekiswa kweekhemikhali kunye nemizi-mveliso yeoyile kunye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuqinana nakwimeko ezigqithisileyo.

Intsimbi engenasitayile engama-316
ityhubhu ye-SS304
I-Dotelloy C-276 ikwanokungaxhathisi okhethekileyo ekuthandeni, ukunyanzelwa-indawo yokuqhekeza i-axiping kunye ne-oxiding, kunye nokuchasana ngokugqwesileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zekhemikhali.
I-HTTPS: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / i-steelpipe

Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-S30403 kuya kuba kukusetyenziswa kwayo kubushushu. Ubutshelo obushushu yinkqubo ebangela ukuqulunqwa kobushushu phakathi kwezinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu, kuba i-SS ye-WelD 304 ye-Welding yindlela efanelekileyo yokutshintsha, zihlala zisetyenziswa kubushushu. Ngelixa abatshintshi bebushushu bafuna ukumelana ngokubonakalayo kokusula kunye namandla amahle njengepropathi eyintloko, eyona ndawo iphambili ye-SS 304 ye-SEW iyakwazi ukubonelela ngepchoyithi yomthengi. Ngapha koko, i-stal yentsimbi yentsimbi ye-304 ye-orw yenza imisebenzi efanelekileyo.

I-ASTM A213 \ / A269 I-A269 isetyenziselwa i-tubing yentsimbi engenangqondo, i-ASTM A249 \ / A269 yeTubing ye-Weld, i-Tubing eqaqambileyo ye-Welding ehambelana ne-tube ekhethiweyo kwizicelo ezichongiweyo.

I-Stainess Shonges
yenziwa nge-alloy yentsimbi ene-10.5% ye-chromium ye-10.5%. Ukwabiwa kwezinto kwi-S30403 imibhobho efana neNickel, i-Molybdenum, iTitanium, ikharbon, i-nitrogen, kunye nezinye iipropathi ezingenasinyithi. Izabelo ezahlukeneyo zinika amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okumelana nokungakhathali.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.

I-S30403 Imibhobho yensimbi esekwe kwi-nickel kunye ne-nickel-calty inesingqala sokunyanzelwa, ukumelana nobushushu, kunye nepropathi yobushushu ephantsi, kwaye isetyenziswa njengezixhobo ezifundwayo kwiindawo zokuhlaziywa kwePetroleum, kunye namandla. Ukwengeza,

Ukongezwa kobhedu kweli nqanaba kunika ukumelana nokunganyangeki ngakumbi kunezifundo eziqhelekileyo zeChromium-Nikel Stail, ngakumbi ngokuchasene ne-sulfuric, phosphoric kunye ne-acetic acids. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydrochloric acid ilinganiselwe.

Olona phawu lukhulu lwe-halloy B3 B3 I-BOLYS ithelekiswa namandla e-B-2 kukukwazi ukugcina ubomi obugqwesileyo ngexesha lokuvezwa kwengqondo ephakathi.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yeoyile ye-oli

I-Arndoy 800ht Fienges Sinodumo olunamandla sinalo ishishini lokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Dotelloy C2000 ifumaneka kubungakanani beempawu kunye nobungqingili, olu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ludume ngamandla alo oluphangaleleyo kunye nokungaxhathisi.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

I-ASTM A193 IBakala B7 le-B7 le-B7 igubungela iimfuno zentsimbi ephezulu yentsimbi yensimbi yokusetyenziswa kubushushu obuphezulu okanye inkonzo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezizodwa.

Iflethi inokuba sisitya sokugubungela okanye ukuvala isiphelo sombhobho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiflonge. Yiyo loo nto, iiflene zithathwa njengezinxalenye zangaphakathi ezisetyenziselwa ukuxhasa amalungu omatshini.
I-Stainess yentsimbi i-304 imilinganiselo esemgangathweni

Ukuvalwa, ubudala obuhle, kunye nonyango olugcina ubushushu luhambelana nemigaqo-nkqubo) .eimpawu zonxibelelwano

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

Iiflene zensimbi zibonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula ekucoceni, ukuhlola okanye ukulungiswa. Zihlala zingena kwimilo ejikelezayo kodwa zinokuza ngesikwere nakwiifom zoxande. I-flanges idityaniswe omnye komnye ngokuhlamba kwaye yajoyina inkqubo yokufaka i-welding okanye intambo kwaye yenzelwe imilinganiselo yovavanyo oluthile; I-150lb, i-300lb, 400lb, i-600lb, i-900lb, i-1500lb kunye ne-2500lb.

I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

I-304 intsimbi engenasitali yokunganyangeki kakhulu, lo mdiliya wamkele i-World Foonge iqhotyoshelwe kwinkqubo nge-WOLDONALD entanyeni. Indawo ye-Wellded inokuvavanywa ngokulula yi-radiology. I-pipe ezenziwe ngombhobho kunye neflange i-flange inciphise isiphithiphithi kunye nokukhukuliseka ngaphakathi kombhobho. I-Flange ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zakho ezibalulekileyo kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, ioyile, irhasi yendalo, kunye ne-steam.

I-ASTM A335 P5 i-P5 ye-P5 inokuthi ivunyiwe ngokupheleleyo okanye i-SOSETRMALS ROORMALS, iqhelekile kwaye inomsindo njengokunyanga ubushushu ukonyusa ubunzima. Eli nqanaba lifumaneka kwi-welded kunye ne-pipe engenamthungo, i-A335 P5 i-Well Deped ifumaneka kububanzi bendawo eyahlukileyo kunye needayimitha.

UMFAZI WAMA-A312 I-T304 I-PO304 ye-Welfmed kunye ne-ERW, jonga ungabi-ST30403 ishedyuli ye-Pipe Pipe Shedy kunye netshathi yenqanaba kumbhobho we-HT

A789 ASTR3803 kwaye angabi-S32205 ngamabakala amabini e-upplex engasetyenziswanga ngokubanzi kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. Ezi pumplex ze-duplex s31803 zaziwa ngokuchasene nokunganyangekala kwabo okuhle, amandla aphezulu, kunye nokwanela kakuhle. I-A789 yinkcazo egubungela iityhubhu ezingenamthungo nezinebhulethi ezenziwe ngentsimbi engenasibala.
I-316 i-Bar ejikeleze intsimbi yentsimbi luhlobo lwentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Inomlinganiso ogqwesileyo kunye nomyinge onamandla owomeleleyo. Ukongeza kwizibonelelo ezininzi ngaphezulu kwezinye iintlobo zemivalo yentsimbi, i-316 isitokhwe esijikelezayo esijikelezayo sinokumelana nobushushu obuphakamileyo ngaphandle kokuphulukana nemilo okanye ipropathi.
I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

I-Alloty 600 \ / I-Innel 600 Indibaniselwano ye-NCECEL CHROIIUM kunye nentsimbi ebonelela ngempahla yemichiza yemveliso yemichiza kunye nenjini ye-Aero kunye ne-Aero Injini kunye ne-Aero Injini kunye namacandelo enjini.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

Ukuze udlulisele umbhobho, kuyimfuneko ukususa i-hose ethe tye ngombhobho. Xa usebenzisa imibhobho eyahlukeneyo, kufuneka isetyenziswe ngemibhobho eyahlukeneyo. Xa kusetyenziswa umbhobho, i-elbow kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukutshintsha ubungakanani bombhobho. Xa ukubhabha, umbhobho weendlela ezintathu kusetyenziswa xa i-pipeling eyahlukeneyo ye-pipeling kunye nokwanda kokuhamba kwexesha elide kunye nokwandiswa komgangatho obandayo kunye nolwandiso olubi kakhulu kunye nolwandiso olubandayo olusetyenziselwa ukunxibelelana nombhobho. , Ekuqhagamsheleni nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kukho i-quadriday kunye neeplagi zesigaba sesixhobo.

I-Dotelloy B2 I-EFW Imibhobho enganyangekiyo kubo bonke ugxininiso kunye namaqondo obushushu e-hydrochloric acid.

I-stail engenamthungo engenamthungo
I-bushings iyafana neetyhubhu ezinqabileyo kakhulu zisetyenziswa ngoomatshini ngokujikeleza okanye zokutsala imingxunya yokwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa ingxolo kunye nengxolo. I-bushings inokusetyenziselwa ukuntywila kwimisebenzi yokuntywila imigangatho emiselweyo, i-hydraulic yangaphandle yegiya kunye nemotor.

Iipleyiti zentsimbi ezingapheliyo kunye ne-Sheet

I-chan-stan-turds e-B08926 ye-tyhed ye-B088926 efakwe i-DITS ye-oyile, i-onshore ye-onshore, i-onshore ye-onshore, i-cerpressares ye-onshore, i-generagers, i-generagers kunye ne-nitrogennerators.

I-316 izicelo zentsimbi ezingenasitali: iimpompo, iivalves, iindwangu kunye nezixhobo zendwangu, iipilisi, ipumplit kunye nezicelo zaselwandle.

I-Nin Alloy 36, W.nr 1.3912, ugqirha we-36 ® yi-nickel-intsimbi enolwandiso olune-36% ye-nickel, i-chacelin enolwandiso olunama-36% kwaye inesitayile se-therble yentsimbi.

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.
I-Alo Allonge i-Allonge iBakala 718 i-Ignel yelona nqanaba liqhelekileyo lezinto ezinzima. Olu luhlu lukhuselekileyo-chromium-chromium ludibanisa ukunganyangeki kwe-corrosion ebalaseleyo kunye namandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo. I-Alloty imalunga ne-2x eqinile njenge-Interlide yeBanga le-625 ukuba ne-right-right-ripture yamandla ukuya kwi-1300¡it (i-700¡c) kwaye ikwazi ukusebenza ukuya kwi-1800¡n (982¡c). I-Interl Baintral 718 ihlala isetyenziswa kwi-turbines yegesi, i-rocket mawes, i-spacecraft, i-numplear ye-numplear, kunye nesixhobo.

I-SA403 WP304 I-PAPS ye-PAPS ye-PAPS ye-PAPS iphela, yeka ukuhamba kwe-fluid kwaye ukukhusela imirhumo yombhobho. Kwimigangatho yokuphela kwezinto, ihlala isetyenziselwa ukwala ngqo ukuya kwisiphelo esithile.

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dupplex ye-Staines yentsimbi kunye ne-Pipes egqwesileyo yaseKhaya

I-SCH40 ye-SCH40 ye-SCHE4000 ichongwe njengenombolo ye-Werkstof 2.4360 kwaye ingabi-nye N04400. I-Allow Gipe eyaziwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-nol-500, imodeli engama-400 yemodeli kunye ne-nickel alloy 400.

I-Din931 i-n06600-i-Innel yeThuqu yeThuqu ye-NICKEL ALTE YOTE I-IPCE ye-PHEX HOLT HOLT SOLT SOLT SOLT M32

Monel 400 is a flexible nickel (63% minimum) – copper (34% maximum) alloy retaining strength and toughness at low temperatures while still being effective at temperatures around 1000 degrees F.

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

I-UNOLL yi-austikic superalloy yezinto ezizimeleyo eziphambili zeNickel kunye neChromium. Le nto isekwe i-nikel esekwe kwi-ATTM B166 I-PALLEL 600 i-gasket yenzelwe ukuba izicelo zisusela kwiqondo lobushushu elisezantsi ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2000¡. Eyona nto iphambili kwezi zikrelemnqa ezingama-600 kukunganyangeki kokuphuculwa kwazo kunye nokunganyangeki kobushushu obuphezulu. Ukwanda kwamandla e-thennel ye-Intelnel 600 kuyaphuculwa sisisombululo esiqinileyo someleza.
I-Dired R65 ANT93600
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Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Stainess yentsimbi ezingama-304 zodidi lwe-pieds
Imivalo yensimbi kunye neentonga
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Imodeli ye-fastener be-k500 ye-fastener beal alloy hex bolts
I-1 \ / 2 "UTHANDO OLUFANELEKILEYO KWI-24

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

Kuseto lobushushu begumbi, uMolne 400 ubonakalisa indlela yokuziphatha ecocekileyo yemazi yemazi yemazi ye-high, ke, ukusetyenziswa kwe-WANR 2.4360 ukunciphisa i-flange yokwandiswa kwakhona kwizicelo ezifuna iimpawu ezifuna i-magnetic.

Imogaqo yemolt k500 iqulunqwe i-National Allocy edibanisa ukunganyangekala kwemolution yemono engama-400 ngamandla anyukayo kunye nobunzima.

Sinoluhlu olubanzi lwe-NECKLE ye-NECKLE ye-Fickel Altings, iSoket Weld kunye neZinto eziFunelweyo kuzo zonke iintlobo, ubungakanani, ubungakanani, iishedyuli kunye noxinzelelo. HT PIPE specializes in the manufacture of nickel alloy forged fittings that are in high demand in many applications in the naval, chemical processing, marine, petrochemical and refining, and oil and gas markets.

I-ASTM A320 Ibanga L7 I-L7 ISAHLUKO SESIQINISEKISO SESIQINISEKISO SE-STEL SET STELT yenkonzo yobushushu ephantsi. Lo mgangatho wokugubungela uqengqeleka, wenziwe, okanye ungqengqa, ii-bolts, isikali, ii-bols, ivalves, i-flaxes, iflethi, iflethi, i-flaxes, iflethi kunye nezixhobo.

I-Dotelloy C276 i-bolts entloko ngokuchasene ngokugqwesileyo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zenkqubo yemichiza

I-SEMi-igqibile izixhobo ze-monew zemodi ezingama-400 ezinamanzi okusela kwicandelo laselwandle