I-N08811 pipe

I-A240 yohlobo lwe-A240 ye-2205 ipleyiti ipleyiti yentsimbi engenasitali esetyenziswa kakhulu kumashishini ahlukeneyo anjengokuqhubela phambili kwemichiza, ioyile kunye negesi. Iphepha le-SA 240 Gr 2205 yenziwe kwiBanga lama-2205 lentsimbi engenasibala, elindibaniselwano yentsimbi ye-ferric kunye ne-austentitic.

I-UNOLL 718 yi-Nickel-Chromium-esekwe rhoqo kusetyenziswa izicelo zeqondo lobushushu ezinje nge-aerospace kunye neeturbines zegesi. Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwimveliso ye-ASTM B670 Iphepha le-718 yinkqubo yokuqengqeleka kweplate. Zimbini iintlobo eziphambili zeepleyiti ze-Indel ze-Polnel 718 ezikhoyo kwintengiso: ishushu eshushu kwaye ibanda ipleyiti.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

I-UNOLL 625 COIC ibonakaliswa kukungaxhathisi ngokugqwesileyo kwi-oxidation, kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu kunye nokudinwa. I-ASTM B443 ipleyiti ye-N06625 isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-Aerospace, ukuqhubekiswa kweekhemikhali kunye nemizi-mveliso yeoyile kunye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphezulu, ukuqina kunye nokuqinana nakwimeko ezigqithisileyo.

I-Alloy 800 yi-nickel-chromium ye-chromium-chromium enamandla aphezulu kunye nokuxhathisa ngokugcoba kwi-oxidotion kunye ne-comrosion kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 W. NR. I-1.4876 ye-Welding isetyenziselwa ngokubanzi ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo ezifuna ukumelana nobushushu, ukumelana nobushushu, amandla, kunye nokuzinza kwenkonzo ukuya kwi-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

I-Dotelloy C2000 Iityhubhu zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lwamashishini kubandakanya ukuqhubekeka, izixhobo zokuqhubela kwemichiza, i-oyile kunye nezityalo zamandla.

I-Dotelloy C2000 ifumaneka kubungakanani beempawu kunye nobungqingili, olu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum ludume ngamandla alo oluphangaleleyo kunye nokungaxhathisi.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.

Oku kunika ukumelana nokuxhathisa kakhulu kwi-sulfuric acid. Ikwanomxholo ophezulu weChromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo ekuxhaseni iikhemikhasi kunye nemijelo yenkqubo engcoliseka nge-ferric ion kunye neoksijini echithileyo.

Kuyakwazi ukumelana nodidi olubanzi lweekhemikhali ze-oxiding kunye nokungabi nakuphathelele ukuchasana nokuchasana nokuhlaselwa kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-ravice phambi kobukho be-chloride kunye nezinye iindlela zokuhamba.

Ibonisa ukunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokucutha iindawo ezinqabileyo. Eli babele le ladala itayitile yesidima, ifilimu yokukhusela engaphumi, kodwa igcina ukunganyangeki okukhulu kwe-oxidation Ekunyangeni ekuhlaleni.

Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-oyile yeoyile ye-oli

Ukuxinana kukaTitanium malunga ne-60% ye-Affel engenasitali kunye ne-neckel alloy, obu boyili bobunzima buyenza ukuba ifundwe kwizicelo ezizeleyo njengee-aerospace.

Iityhubhu ezingama-600 ezingenamthungo ezingenamthungo zingama-N06600 kunye ne-ASTM B167 zenzelwa ukuba zixhase uxinzelelo oluphezulu kakhulu kwaye zize newaranti enkulu.

I-SCH40 ye-SCH40 ye-SCHE4000 ichongwe njengenombolo ye-Werkstof 2.4360 kwaye ingabi-nye N04400. I-Allow Gipe eyaziwa ngokuba yimodeli ye-nol-500, imodeli engama-400 yemodeli kunye ne-nickel alloy 400.

Imibhobho yokuqwalaselwa engenamthungo inomthamo ophakamileyo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye namandla amanye amabakala.

I-chromium ephezulu, i-molybdenum kunye ne-nitrogen yeziphumo zokuchasana ne-pittiverance inombolo elinganayo (i-PREN) ye-40, ibonelela ngeqondo leendaba elingaphezulu kunye ne-durevice yokungaziphathi kakuhle kunye ne-durexice yokungaziphathi kakuhle, kwaye inobushushu obuqiqileyo ngaphezulu kwe-50¡c.

I-Dotelloy Affayili
I-Attelloy enganyangekiyo i-Corrosion isetyenziswe ngokubanzi ngamashishini okuqhuba iikhemikhali. Isidingo sentsebenzo esinokuthenjwa sikhokelela ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kweenkalo zamandla, ezempilo kunye nokusingqongileyo, ioyile kunye negesi, amayeza kunye neflimu yegesi.

I-Intloy 800H Fonger Sinombala oqinileyo weshishini ngokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziza kulungela iimfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Alloty 800 Intamo ye-Wool Shounges Sinodumo olunamandla sinemveliso yokuvelisa ukuqaqamba okusemgangathweni weentlobo ezahlukeneyo eziya kuhambelana neemfuno zabaxumi bethu. Senza i-flaves engathandekiyo engama-800 enokuthenjwa kwaye iphezulu kumgangatho. Sisebenzisa izixhobo zeprimiyamu kunye noomatshini abaphambili bokuvelisa i-ASTM B564 AN08800 I-Acloy 800 Fufxees.

I-Nickel 200 flanges i-Nickel Fuffes ezingama-200 iqine, izinzile, kwaye inesigqibo esihle. Ngaphezu koko, i-ASTM B564 i-N064 i-H02200 iflethi inganyangeki ukuba iyoliswa kwiindawo ezingathathi hlangothi, ezenza bagqibelele ukuze basebenzise izixhobo zokuphatha ukutya.

Elinye inqaku elibalulekileyo le-N08800 I-Altey Altey 800 eQequthiyo ngokuchasene ne-chlorine ion ehambelana ne-pherrosion ion ehambelana ne-throsion, apho intsimbi, njengabalingane bayo.
Chwetheza iplate, iphepha, uKhombo
Ubude 0 ~ 12m okanye ngokweemfuno zakho
Ububanzi 0 ~ 2500mm okanye ngokweemfuno zakho
Ubunzima 0.3 ~ 1200mm okanye ngokweemfuno zakho

I-internel 600 yi-nickel-chromium-iron-iron ye-iron yokunganyangeki, ukumelana ne-oxidation kunye namandla aphezulu kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo. Ngenxa yomxholo we-nickel ephezulu, i-internel i-600 ichasa kakhulu kwi-chloride ion yoxinzelelo lwe-ion yoxinzelelo. Ubudala obunzima abuqinisekanga njenge-Internel 600 yenziwe nzima kwaye yomelezwe ngumsebenzi obandayo kuphela. I-UNOLL 600 inokusebenza kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kwe-700¡n (370¡c).
I-SUMS SUP, AII, Din
Ububanzi be-5 ~ 500mm
Ubude ¨Q12m okanye njengeemfuno zabathengi

Imivalo ejikelezayo ithwele kwaye ifakwe, ifumaneka kubude besitokhwe okanye ukusika ubukhulu. Imivalo yokujikeleza kwe-Alloty ibonelela ngamandla kunye nokunganyangeki kweemeko ezahlukeneyo kwaye kungasetyenziswa kwisakhelo, umtshini wecandelo lemveliso, inkonzo yokutya kunye nemizi-mveliso yesixhobo sonyango.
I-SUMS SUP, AII, Din
Ububanzi be-5 ~ 500mm
Ubude ¨Q12m okanye njengeemfuno zabathengi

Amashishini amaninzi akhetha into yokuba i-intel 600 ikwi-nowayo eliguquguqukayo. Ke ngoko i-Alloty isetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso emininzi ephambili ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kubandakanya i-pipe engama-600 yombhobho wama-600. Ukwakhiwa kwale mibhobho kunokuba kukwenziwe i-weldided okanye banokubangenamthungo. Kukho izibonelelo zokusebenzisa zombini. Ye-E.G. Ukhetho lombhobho we-nelfmed 600, kwizicelo apho i-Economics yayo idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu. Nangona iphantsi kakhulu kunophawu olungenangqondo, le mibhobho inomthungo omde, onokuba sisityholo sokukhutshelwa kwi-insosion yombulelo - ukuba ayisebenzi kakuhle. Kwimeko yemeko, apho umthengi efuna eyona ndlela iphakamileyo yokunganyangeki kunye nokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu, i-UNOLL 600 ye-Polly yeyona ndlela ilungileyo.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
Ityhubhu yethumba
Umbhobho we-weldied
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
Wabona i-lsaw Efw Efw
Ukuphela kokuphela, Ukupheliswa ngokucacileyo "
Ubungakanani be-OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "
Ubukhulu: sch5 ~ schxxs
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
I-PREGETE I-PROFIICS ishushu \ / Umsebenzi oshushu, ukuqengqeleka okubandayo
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.20

Ngeenjongo zemveliso, kwiinkqubo zemibhobho, sihlala sifuna ukutshintsha indlela yokuhambisa; ukulawula ukuhamba kweembiza (ioyile kunye negesi, amanzi, udaka); Vula okanye uvale imibhobho, njl njl. Njl.

I-Nickel esekwe kwi-800 ye-hexagonal yombhobho owaziwayo ukuba uxhathise kakuhle ukungangqinelani. Ngokukhethekileyo ukuthetha, umbhobho we-play 800 unika ukumelana ngokwaneleyo ngokuchasene ne-carbring kunye ne-corosion ye-oxivide.

I-Carbon Steel Flange luhlobo lwe-rim eyenziwe ekupheleni kombhobho xa ihleli kumbhobho. Isetyenziselwa ukutywina iziphelo zemibhobho, i-valves okanye olunye unxibelelwano. Inamandla aphezulu obunxunguphele kwaye iyafumaneka kwi-convex ephezulu kwaye ixhasa ukufakelwa ngokulula. Yi-albon ye-iron carbon equlethe ukuya kwi-2.1 WT.% Yekhabhoni. I-carbon stiel ayinawo amanqanaba amancinci athile ezinto zezinto ezikhoyo, kodwa ihlala iqulethe i-manganese.

Ayingasenzi i-S32205 i-Asmex Steel Asme SA182 I-Weld Weld Flanes ilungele izixhobo zolwandle kunye nezixhobo zokuvelisa amandla, nangona ikwanazo iimpawu ezihambahambayo.

I-Dotelloy C-276 yi-NI MO CR SUPULLOY yongezwa nge-tungsten, enomchasi obalaseleyo kuluhlu olubanzi lweendawo ezinzima. Umxholo ophezulu we-NI kunye ne-mo yenza i-noti steety alwil enganyangeki ekwimeko yokuhlala kunye ne-crevice yosulelo ekwenzeni indalo esingqongileyo, ngelixa i-cr idlulisela ukusebenza kwe-anti-oxido odidation ephakathi.

Nangona i-molybdenum yinto elungileyo, ukusetyenziswa kakhulu kwayo kunganciphisa i-furcity ye-cur f11 funges. I-PARAGRATIYA kunye nokubola kwe-iron carbide kungenzeka xa ubushushu obungaphezulu kwe-Gesius eyi-500. I-Chromium yongezwa kwi-SA182 F11 F11 ALTE STEE CL.2 I-FOEL DEADES SFEAD YOKUKHUSELEKA INDAWO YOKUHLAZIYWA KOMNYANGO KUNYE NOKUFUNDA. Ukongeza, i-chromium eyongeziweyo ikwabonelela ngokuchaseneyo kwe-okido.

I-Duelx Stonges isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwi-wobunjineli esetyenzisiweyo, oomatshini kunye nemizi-mveliso yemoto. I-Deplex ngentsimbi ye-S3180 yeeflengu ze-S3180 ye-facks ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo ezifuna ukumelana nokunganyangeki kunohlobo lwama-316 kunye namandla amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphezulu. Sine-Deplex S31803 \ / s32205 flames esitokhweni. I-Depex Stonges isetyenziswa rhoqo kwikhemikhali, ipetrochemical, kunye nemizi mveliso yamandla.

I-Nickel 200 sisisombululo esiqinileyo someleza intsimbi. I-Nickel 200 ye-bar i-bar iqulethe i-99.6% ye-Nickel ngobunzima kwaye ithathelwa ingqalelo i-nickel emhlophe emzimbeni. I-DIN 2.4066 Ibar inezinto ezilungileyo ze-matshini kunye nezamzimba. Umzekelo, i-ASTM B160 N02200 ichasene nokuchasana okugqwesileyo kwiindlela ezininzi zoncedo kunye neemeko zoncedo. Ngeli xesha, i-Nickel 200 sisisombululo esiqinileyo somelezwa ukuba senziwe isabelo esinokudalwa njengemivalo kunye neentonga. Ezi zinto zimbini zisetyenziswa ngokukodwa kwaye zinokwahlulahlulwa kwimisebenzi ethile eziphambili.

I-Nickel-calper-esekwe kwimodeli engama-400 ye-400 ye-2.4360 ukubanda irhabaxa ingenalo i-chloride enxulumene nokubhloka kwe-chlorive yoxinzelelo xa ityhilwe kwimithombo yoxinzelelo. Imoral 400 i-copper kunye ne-nickel ye-nealy esule namhlanje ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo ephezulu. I-alloy ine-acid egqwesileyo kunye ne-alkali. Ukongeza, inamandla amanye amanye amanxuwa, ukuqhutywa kwengqondo okuphezulu, kwaye kunokuba nzima ngumsebenzi obandayo. Ukongeza, inokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezinamaqondo obushushu asusela kwi-thamo ukuya kwi-538 degrees Celsius.

I-Nickel Alo Alloty engama-400 kunye nemoni engama-400, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-N04400, yi-gucy ye-huckile-olwe-olwe-of thecker-esekwe kwi-nicker-thewores. I-Nickel Alo Allo of 400 yaziwa ngokuba yixhathiso lwayo kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-Alkalis (okanye i-AIDS), amanzi ityuwa, i-SULDFUORIC Acid, kunye ne-sulfuoric acid. Ukususela kwimowango engama-400 okanye i-Alod 400 yintsimbi ebibandayo esetyenzisiweyo, eli alloy linobuqili obukhulu, ukuqina kunye namandla. Ngokubanda ukusebenza kwe-ASTM B164 I-N04400 i-Bar ye-N04400, i-alloy iphantsi kwamanqanaba aphezulu oxinzelelo loomatshini, onokuthi ubangela utshintsho kulwakhiwo luka-Abrey.

I-UNOLD 600 Ibar ye-UNCEL ye-nickel-esekwe kwi-begn ye-Bign ye-Bicen kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corosion egqwesileyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Imivalo ye-UNIRD engama-600 isebenza ngokuchasene nokomile CL2 kunye nezinye iigesi ezininzi ezahlukileyo kubushushu obuthambileyo kunye nobushushu obuphezulu. I-Allod 600 Bar ibar-chromium ye-neckel-chromium ye-Allomium-i-Allomion elungileyo kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-chloride, i-ocid yosulelo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu.

Nine \ / Alloty k w.nr .: 1.3981
Ayisi: K94610 i-Astm F15
Isabelo-lelaza-e-Iron-Counckel-Cobarty-Cobart, Yiba ne-Navar Alflic, ube nolwandiso lolwandiso lwe-thermar of thermar olinganayo neglasi yeglasi
Ukutywinwa kokutywinwa ngeglasi yeglasi

I-Nin Alloy 36, W.nr 1.3912, ugqirha we-36 ® yi-nickel-intsimbi enolwandiso olune-36% ye-nickel, i-chacelin enolwandiso olunama-36% kwaye inesitayile se-therble yentsimbi.
I-Preset 36 Ingcaciso: Ayikho K93600, W.nr 1.3912

Amagama orhwebo aqhelekileyo: i-nickel alloy 36, ungazama i-36 ®, nin 6®, i-peniffer 6®
I-Presemas 36 ® yi-nickel-iron, isabelo esisezantsi esine-36% uNickel, uGeser 36 unelungelo lobushushu baseSrygenic ukuya malunga ne + 500 ° F (i-260 ° C).
I-GARD 36 I-TUBE OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

I-Flange ngamacandelo aqhagamshela ukuphela kwemibhobho emibini, uqhagamshelo lweflange luchazwa yiFlanger, i-gasket kunye ne-bolt ezintathu ziqhagamshelwe njengeqela lezinto ezihlanganisiweyo. I-gasket yongezwa phakathi kweeflethi ezimbini kwaye iboshwe zii-bolts. Uxinzelelo olwahlukileyo Impompo, ayisiyo-i-inseppossite ukubiza impompo yamanzi njengeenxalenye zohlobo lweFlange, kodwa ivalve encinci yeflethi, inokubizwa njengeenxalenye zohlobo lweFlange.

I-nickel alloys zezinye zezona zinto ziluncedo zokwenza imibhobho engaphezulu yemveliso kunye neetyhubhu zezicelo zemveliso. Ipropathi yabo yendalo ibenza babe nakho ukuze basebenzise uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa. I-nickel alloys iyosulwa ngokukhethekileyo iyosulela kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo obunobushushu obuphakathi.

I-nickel alloys zezinye zezona zinto ziluncedo zokwenza imibhobho engaphezulu yemveliso kunye neetyhubhu zezicelo zemveliso. Ipropathi yabo yendalo ibenza babe nakho ukuze basebenzise uluhlu olubanzi lokusebenzisa. I-nickel alloys iyosulwa ngokukhethekileyo iyosulela kwaye inokusetyenziswa kwiindawo obunobushushu obuphakathi.

I-Afloys 800h kunye ne-800Ht sisimo se-iron-chokel-chromium sesomeleza ulwakhiwo ngokuqulunqwa kwemichiza eyi-42%, kunye ne-22% chromium.

Le mibhobho iyafumaneka ngobukhulu obahlukeneyo, amabakala kunye nobukhulu. Ngeminyaka yamava okwenza imibhobho engama-800 yemveliso, inika imigangatho ephezulu, indleko ephantsi nenkonzo efanelekileyo. I-Intloy 800 \ / 800H \ / 800ht piiling yindawo yokunganyangeki kwaye ixhathise imeko emun. Amandla aphakathi kunye nokuchasana okuqinisekileyo kwe-oxidation kwiqondo lobushushu ephezulu.

I-Super Alfs ikwabizwa ngokuba yimisebenzi yokusebenza ephezulu. Banokunganyangeki okuhle kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-oxidation, kwaye basetyenziswa apho kufuneka imiphezulu yothintelo. Banokwazi ukusebenza phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo ngoomatshini. Banokomelezwa sisisombululo esiqinileyo, ukusebenza nzima, kunye nokuqina. Bahlulahlulwe baba ngamaqela amathathu anjengeentsimbi-esekwe intsimbi, esekwe kwi-nickel, kunye ne-cobalt.

I-NEXCE-INKQUBO YOKWENZA I-ALTEL ALTEY IMISEBENZI YOO-OMULI NOBUCHULE. I-Intloy 800HT I-Teating Alloys-I-AltEling Alloys kunye ne-Eickel ebandayo isebenza izibonelelo ezifana nezibonelelo ezininzi ezinje ngamandla aphezulu, ukuqina, ukungqubana komhlaba ophantsi kunye nokunganyangeki kwemazi yemazi ye-gerosic kunye nokunganyangeki kwematshisi ephantsi. I-Acloy 800HT iqinisekisiwe ukuba ibe yinto exabisekileyo neyenguqulelo ekwaziyo ukusombulula uyilo lweentlobo ngeentlobo kunye neengxaki zesicelo. I-Acloy 800Ht Tubing inesakhono sokuxhathisa amaqondo obushushu aphantsi kwengqongqo, kunye neemeko zobushushu obuphezulu. Ukungafihli ngokupheleleyo kwe-alloy, kwaye amandla ayo okubandakanywa ngempumelelo nakwezinye izabelo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo.

I-Intloy 800ht yomphunga ingena kwi-8 "NB. Ubungakanani obukhulu bufumaneka ngolwakhiwo lwe-Weldid (100% x-ray) kwaye lunokutsalwa kwakhona ukuze ucwangco. I-Adloy 800ht ityhubhu ifumaneka 3 "od. Iityhubhu ezingama-800ht ze-800ht kunye netyhubhu kunye ne-tylerances eqinileyo zinokubonelelwa phantse nangaphantsi kwenani nokuba zincinci kangakanani ubungakanani okanye ubungakanani.