Ncaj thiab txo cov nqi haum

Nickel-Tooj-based alloy 400 monel 2.4360 txias kos cov kab mob kev ntxhov siab thaum raug rau corrosive cracking thaum raug rau cov media corrosive nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig ib puag ncig. Monel 400 yog tooj liab thiab nickel raws li alloy uas nrov niaj hnub no vim nws qhov kev ua tau zoo. Lub alloy muaj kua qaub zoo heev thiab alkali tsis kam. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws muaj cov zog tensile muaj zog, ductility, zoo heev thermal condactivity, thiab tuaj yeem yog tawv los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias. Ib qho ntxiv, nws tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov ntawv thov nrog qhov kub thiab txias txij li rho tawm txog 538 degrees Celsius.

Inconel 718 lossis Alloy 718 yog cov feem ntau siv cov khoom siv tsis yooj yim uas tsis yooj yim uas tsis muaj tseeb npib tsib xee alloy alloy. Vim nws cov nag lossis cov nag thiab cov roj ntsha tseem ceeb thiab cov tshuaj chromium, cov tshuaj chromium, cov tshuaj chromium no thiab muaj zog zoo txawm tias thaum muaj lub siab kub.

Nilo Alloy 36, W.NR 1.3912, Tiv Thaiv 36% Nickel-Npib thiab muaj tus nqi ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hlau.

Cov kav dej ntawm seamless configurations tau muaj peev xwm ntau dua cov muaj peev xwm thiab lub zog tshaj lwm qib.

Tsis zoo li Austenitic stainless hlau, inconel 625 puag ncig cov khoom muab qhov kom zoo dua uas lawv tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau chloride-hais txog kev sib tsoo corrosion.

Semi tiav Forged Flange A182 F9 Wn Flange A182F5 feded flanges
Hastelloy C2000 tub tshij yog siv nyob rau hauv ntau hom petrochemical suav nrog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg, roj kev tsim khoom siv, roj ntxiv thiab cov nroj tsuag hluav taws xob.
Invar 36 Tube OD: 0.2-6mm, wt: 0.02-2mm

Ib lub flange yog lub nplhaib ntawm cov hlau (forged, txiav los ntawm phaj, lossis koom nrog cov yeeb nkab ntawm cov yeeb nkab, lossis los koom nrog cov hlab ntsha, lossis mus ua ke lossis lwm qhov chaw sib dhos. Flanges tau koom nrog txhua lwm yam los ntawm kev siv pas dej los ntawm vuam los yog xov (lossis xoob thaum cov quav xaus yog siv). Stainless hlau Flange Tau yooj yim raws li ss flange, nws yog hais txog cov flanges uas ua los ntawm stainless hlau. Cov qauv qauv ib txwm muaj thiab qib AN182% F304 \ / L thiab / L thiab / / /50.

Lub corrosion resistant Hastelloy alloys tau siv dav los ntawm kev lag luam ua lag luam. Qhov kev xav tau rau kev ua tau zoo ua rau lawv txoj kev lees paub thiab kev loj hlob hauv thaj chaw ntawm lub zog, kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig, roj thiab cov roj thiab cov roj cuv khw desulfurization.

Titanium lub ntom yog li 60% uas ntawm stainless hlau thiab nickel alloys, qhov hnyav no txuag ua rau nws xaiv qhov chaw zoo uas yog qhov tseem ceeb xws li aerospace.

Caw 36 ® yog npib npib npib tsib xee, tsis muaj nyiaj npib ob leeg uas muaj 36%, commar 36 muaj qhov kub tsawg los ntawm kev nthuav dav ntawm + 500 ° F (260 ° C).

Incoloy 825 yog npib tsib xee hlau chromium alloy nrog ntxiv ntawm Molybdenum, tooj thiab titanium. Qhov no Nickel steel alloy¡¯ tshuaj tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom neeg yog tsim los muab cov kev tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv ntau qhov chaw muaj kev nyab xeeb

316L 1.4401 tus yeeb nkab stainless hlau yog ib qho kev xaiv yeeb nkab zoo heev thiab cov yeeb nkab ruaj khov siv hauv ntau cov ntawv siv. Qhov no ss s31603 yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm cov hlau zoo 316L stainless ua rau corrosion, oxidation thiab staining rau cov chaw hnyav lossis kev siv ntxhov siab.

Inconel 718 yog npib tsib xee-chromium-based alloy uas feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov kub siab xws li aerospace thiab roj turbines. Ib qho ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tsim cov astm b670 inconel 718 daim ntawv yog lub phaj dov. Muaj ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm inconel 718 daim hlau muaj nyob rau ntawm kev ua lag luam: kub dov thiab cov phiaj txias. Cov paib.

ASTM A312 TP316 yog tus qauv txheem rau kev sib khi, ncaj-leeg welded, thiab hnyav txias welded ustenitic kav hlau stainless hlau thiab kev corrosive service. Lub 316 seamless muaj steel yeeb nkab yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov chromium, npib tsib, thiab molybdenum ua rau corrosion thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb thiab xeb.

Inconel 625 coil yog cov yam ntxwv zoo los ntawm nws cov kev tiv thaiv zoo rau oxidation, qhov siab-kub corrosion thiab qaug zog. ASTM B443 tsis yog N06625 Inconel P phaj tau siv dav hauv Aerospace, kev ua lag luam thiab roj thiab muaj zog zoo dua qub txawm tias muaj ib puag ncig zoo.

Alloy x yeeb nkab khoov cov hnoos qeev uas tsis muaj carburization tsis muaj carbon. Ntawm kaum cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas xyuas nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw ntawm hydrogen, nitrogen thiab ammonia ntawm 1100 deg. F. Thiab 25,00 psi rau 64 hnub, Alloy X muaj cov ntaub ntawv nitride tsawg dua li ib feem ntau li cov khoom sib tw uas tsis muaj kev sib tw.

Nws yog super duplex alloy, yog li tshav kub tiv taus kuj tseem yog dab tsi super duplex 2507 pas nrig muaj peev xwm ntawm. Dej los yog dej hiav txwv feem ntau muaj cov tshuaj corrosive feem ntau muaj cov sulphive ions, thiab cov ntaub ntawv xws li 2507 Super Roundex Round tuaj yeem tiv taus cov tshuaj no.

Stainless hlau ASTM ATTM A312, TPP36L, TPR316, SP317, S3127, NO8367, NO8926, NO816, NO816, NOT8904

Al6XN yog superaustenitic steel hlau nrog kev ua tau zoo rau chloride pitting, crevice corrosion thiab kev nyuaj siab corrosion tawg. Al6XN yog 6 Moly alloy uas tau tsim rau thiab siv hauv kev sib cav sib ceg siab. Nws muaj cov npib tsib xee (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nitriumen thiab chromium cov ntsiab lus tawg, thiab tshwj xeeb corrosion tiv thaiv. Al6XN yog feem ntau siv rau nws cov kev txhim kho pitting thiab crevice corrosion tsis kam hauv chlorides. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog thiab weldable stainless hlau.

Nickel Alloy Yeeb Nkab & Tube
Carbon Steel Flanges
Cov ntawv thov ntawm hom 316 stainless muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv cua sov, kev tsim khoom muag thiab cov khoom siv tshuaj, chaw ua haujlwm npaj khoom, thiab khoom noj khoom haus
steel qws ntau thiab tsawg A350 LF2 nyob hauv bar

Cov kev siv hluav taws xob sib xyaw rau hom 316 Stainless hlau muaj xws li siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov tshuab hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv siv tshuaj lom neeg, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab evaporators thiab evaporators. Nws kuj yog siv rau hauv pulp, ntawv thiab cov khoom siv ua tiav thiab txhua yam khoom siv raug rau cov tub rog marine.

Cov txiaj ntsig qhia tau hais tias inconel 625 yog qhov zoo heev nyob rau hauv kev corrosion nres hauv seawater nres. Txawm li cas los xij, ntawm kev nce qib kub, kev xeb tsis kam ntawm cov hlau txo.

Tsis suav txog N08367 tseem hu ua Alloy Al6XN yog cov carbon ntau, siab purity, nitrogen-batoy nrog zoo heev rau chloride pitting thiab compevice corrosion.

A789 unc unic s31803 thiab unspes ob qib ntawm ob chav stainless hlau uas tau siv dav hauv ntau cov ntawv thov. Cov txiv neej duplex s31803 Seamless kav yog paub rau lawv cov txiv neej ua hauj lwm zoo, muaj lub zog siab, thiab weldability thiab zoo weldability. A789 yog ib qho tshwj xeeb uas tau them seamless thiab welded tub ua los ntawm duplex steel stainless hlau.

Peb tuaj yeem muab cov chrome molybdenum alloy flanges txheeb los ntawm qib allolo, loj thiab siab.

Nickel alloy 400 thiab Monel 400, tseem hu ua UN tsis zoo li N04400, yog ib qho laj thawj ntawm cov menyuam yaus uas muaj feem ntau ntawm ob feem peb ntawm ob feem ntawm ob-tus tooj liab. Nickel Alloy 400 yog paub txog nws txoj kev tiv thaiv rau ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob ntawm cov xeb, suav nrog cov alkalis (lossis cov kua qaub), dej hli, thiab sulfuric acid. Txij li thaum Monel 400 lossis Alloy 400 yog cov hlau txias ua haujlwm, cov alloy muaj siab tawv, txhav thiab muaj zog. Los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txias ASTM B14400 Bar Tshuag, cov alloy yog raug rau cov kev ntxhov siab ntau dua, uas nyob rau hauv Alloy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Microy Micro ..

Hastelloy C2000 muaj nyob rau ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg, hom no-lickel-molybdenum alloy muaj zog thiab corrosion tsis kam.

Ob qho tib si cov yeeb nkab steel hlau nyob rau hauv seamless lossis welded yuav siv tau rau kev sib kis ntawm slurry. Yog li muaj ntau cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv muaj nyob kom haum rau cov kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Stainless Hlau Daim Hlau & Cov Ntawv Qhia & Coils

Npib tsib xee raws 800 incoloy hexagonal yeeb nkab yog paub kom muaj qhov zoo tiv taus corrosion. Tshwj xeeb hais txog kev hais lus, tus incoloy 800 yeeb nkab muaj txaus tiv taus ob carburization zoo li oxidation corrosion.

304 Piping spools yog tsim los ntawm 304 stainless hlau, ib qho khoom siv nrov thiab nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv kom xeb thiab oxidation. Cov kev tshaj lij no yog preooss siv cov machinery thiab cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb, uas paub meej tias lawv muaj tseeb thiab ntseeg tau.

ASTM A240 Hom 2205 Phaj yog lub Duplex phaj yog siv ntau yam kev lag luam xws li kev ua yeeb yam, roj thiab roj kev tshawb nrhiav, thiab marine engineering. Sa 240 gr 2205 daim ntawv yog tsim los ntawm qib 220) stainless hlau, uas yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ferritic thiab ustenitic steel.
Kub yob Seamless steel yeeb nkab
Luxembourgish
Azerbaijani
S31600 YEEB NKAB
Myanmar (Burmese)
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
Qhov loj me "Od: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Stainless Hlau Flanges
Incoloy 800h yeeb nkab nrog lub siab temp anneal

304 \ / 304L stainless hlau ntawv feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv kev ua haujlwm txias thaum lub sijhawm ua ntawv thov. Nws txoj kev ua kom txias ua tau yog qhov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntsuas seb tus tsim yog tus nqi du thiab cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev txias no ntawm 304 stainless hlau muaj ntau nyuaj. Raws li deb li nws cov hlau methicification muaj kev txhawj xeeb, nws yog qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov roj ntsha sib npaug, thiab kev sib piv ntawm cov khoom siv tensile yog qhov ntsuas qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj tawm. Txhawm rau kom tau txais cov khoom txias zoo, qhov sib piv ntawm chromium sib npaug rau nickel sib npaug hauv cov hlau yuav tsum tau tswj nyob rau hauv ib qho tsim nyog.

Siab chromium, molybdenum thiab nitrogen cov ntsiab lus cuam tshuam nrog pitting tsis zoo rau cov medtenatent thiab corrosive corrosive conduction, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau tag nrho cov xov xwm, thiab tseem ceeb pitting txias rau saum 50¡Ãc.

Nws ua rau pom zoo tsis kam mus rau nruab nrab thiab txo qhov chaw. Cov alloy no tsim ib zaj yeeb yaj kiab oxide, kev tiv thaiv zaj duab xis uas tsis tawm mus, tab sis nws khaws cov oxidation superi-sauv tsis kub.

Super Duplex muaj nyob ntawm 24% rau 26% chromium, 6% rau 8% npib tsib xee, 3% molybdenum thiab 1.2% mangybenum thiab 1.2% mangybenum thiab 1.2% manganese, nrog cov khoom seem. Cov nyiaj ntawm cov pa roj carbon, Phosphorus, leej faj, silicon, nitrogen, thiab tooj liab kuj pom nyob rau hauv super duplex.

Featuring 304 Stainless Hlau Rau Heev Zoo Corrosion, Qhov kev pom zoo Weld Neck Flange tuaj yeem txuas nrog lub kaw lus weld ntawm lub caj dab. Welded thaj chaw tuaj yeem raug tshuaj xyuas yooj yim los ntawm radiography. Matched yeeb nkab thiab Flange Bore txo cov cua hlob thiab kev yaig hauv raj dej. Flange yog zoo heev rau siv nyob rau hauv koj daim ntawv thov tseem ceeb thiab yog qhov zoo rau siv nrog huab cua, dej, roj, nkev, thiab chav dej.
ASTM A860 Why 52 Fittings tau ua los ntawm cov roj carbon ntau, tus tub rog, tooj, lub nroog tooj liab, cov roj ntsha li ntawm A860 Whbake yog ib qho kev daws teeb meem.

Stainless hlau forged flanges? Yog siv los ua kev sib txuas ntawm cov kav dej, cov khoom siv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xaim hluav taws xob?

Copyright © Zhengzhou Huitong Pipeline Equipment Co., Ltd. Qoob loo

Qhov kev haum no ces ua ib feem ntawm cov kab ke rau kev thauj cov dej (roj, roj, kua, yam ntxwv zoo, dhau los ntawm kev ncua ntev lossis ntev dua.
SMO 254 Cov kav dej tuaj yeem tiv taus cov kev ntxhov siab ntawm cov neeg muaj kev ntxhov siab thiab alloy 254 smo yeeb nkab siab ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov kub thiab xeb ib puag ncig.
Monel 400 (Kuj tseem hu ua alloy 400) yog qhov kev xaiv txaus nyiam rau kev lag luam uas tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws.
Nickel Alloy C-276 thiab Hastelloy C-276 tuaj yeem welded los ntawm txhua txoj kev vuam hlau (oxyacetylene tsis pom zoo).

ASTM A213, Tp304L, Tp306L, Tp316L, 316TI TP317, SP317, S31254, NO8367, NO8926, NO8367, NO867 Astma269TPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTPTSPTPTSP, TP317, TPP317, S31254, No8367, No8926

Ib lub pob tw weld yeeb nkab haum yog tsim kom muaj welded rau ntawm nws cov (s) kom txuas cov yeeb nkab sib txuas ua ke thiab tso cai rau kev hloov pauv lossis lub hlab lossis xaus.

304 Stainless hlau yog qhov feem ntau cov hlau tsis muaj. Cov hlau muaj ob txoj kev chromium (nruab nrab ntawm 18% thiab 20%) thiab thib pua (nruab nrab ntawm 8%) [1] cov hlau uas yog cov qauv hlau tseem ceeb. Nws yog Austenitic stainless hlau.When nws los txog siv, SS304 tuaj yeem pom hauv chav ua noj hauv chav dej thiab lwm yam khoom siv xws li toaster thiab microwave ncu. SS304 kuj yog siv los ua kom cov hlab ntsha siab, lub log npog zoo li rau kev ua lub tsev kws ua liaj ua teb.

ASTM A105 yog ib qho hlau-carbon alloy nrog cov ntsiab lus carbon ntawm 0.0218% ~ 2.11%. Kuj hu ua cov hlau hlau.

A105, cov ntaub ntawv no muaj cov pa roj carbon, manghologes, sulfur, siliab, tooj liab, chromium thiab vanadium nyob rau hauv nws muaj pes tsawg leeg. Txij li thaum lwm cov ntaub ntawv yog tsawg dua 1% ntawm cov lej, cov no yog hu ua cov pa roj carbon hlau.

ASTM A182 Lap flanges paub los ntawm ntau yam npe, suav nrog kev txhawb nqa flanges, xoob flanges, xoob ntiv nplhaib flanges, thiab van pob zeb flanges.

Nickel Alloy Incoloy Seamless Yeeb Tub Yeeb Tube Nqe 800 800H 800HT n08810 n08811

B564 601 Spade Flange Inconel 601 yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy siv rau cov ntawv thov uas xav tau kev tiv thaiv thiab cua sov. Qhov no Nickel alloy sawv tawm vim yog nws cov kev tiv thaiv kub, seem ntawm F. Alloy 60/ dhau los tiv thaiv oxidation oxidation oxide nplai uas tiv taus spalling txawm nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm hnyav thermal cycling.

Qhov sib npaug sib txawv ntawm lawv lub neej ua rau nws ua tau rau cov alloy los nthuav tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo nco txog ntawm txhua hom steel. Siv cov hlau npau taws, qhov twg yog qhov pib tshaj plaws, zoo li 790 hlau dulex yeeb nkab, muaj ntau corrosion tiv thaiv cov yam ntxwv.

304 Fittings yog txheem "18 \ / 8" Stainless hlau; Nws yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab dav siv stainless hlau muaj nyob hauv cov khoom siv dav dav, cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua tiav ntau dua lwm yam. Nws muaj kev sib sau tau zoo heev thiab vuam cov yam ntxwv.
Kub yob Seamless steel yeeb nkab
Luxembourgish
Azerbaijani
S31600 YEEB NKAB
Myanmar (Burmese)
Stainless hlau yeeb nkab & raj
Qhov loj me "Od: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48" "
Stainless Hlau Flanges
Incoloy 800h yeeb nkab nrog lub siab temp anneal

Incoloy 800H Flange Peb muaj lub koob npe nrov hauv kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov hom kev ua haujlwm zoo ntawm cov hom uas yuav tsum tau ua rau peb cov neeg siv khoom. Peb tsim khoom tsim prololoy 800 flanges uas muaj kev ntseeg siab thiab siab dua. Peb siv cov peev txheej hwm thiab qib siab tshaj tawm rau kev tsim ASTM B564 UNFANCES 800 flanges.

Yeeb Nkab Spools Fabrication
254 Smo yog lub siab alloy Austenitic Stainless hlau tsim rau siv nyob rau hauv seawater thiab lwm cov corrorive chlorine-muaj xov xwm. Cov hlau muaj cov khoom hauv qab no: Ua kom zoo tshaj plaws rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion, siab tsis kam rau corrosion thiab siab rau kev ntxhov siab corrosion tawg. 254 SMO \ / en 1.4547 \ / 6mo feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv cov twj, cov roj av, cov tshuab raj thiab muaj lub siab tsis kam rau kev corrosion.

Nickel 200 flanges lub npib tsib xee 200 flanges yog ruaj, tshuav ruaj khov, thiab muaj kev ua tiav zoo. Ntxiv mus, cov ASTM B564 tsis pom N02200 dig muag flanges tiv taus ib puag ncig hauv nruab nrab thiab oxidizing ib puag ncig, ua rau lawv zoo meej rau kev siv hauv cov khoom siv khoom noj khoom haus.

Inconel 600 Seamless Tubes ntawm cov qauv tsis ua N06600 thiab ASTM B167 yog cov uas tsim kom muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau dhau kev tiv thaiv dhau los.

Cov flanges no tau siv dav hauv ntau yam kev thov kev lag luam xws li roj av, tshuaj, kev tsim kho, roj av thiab ntau ntxiv.

304,304L Austenitic Stainless hlau yog qhov ntau tshaj plaws thiab siv tau dav stainless hlau. Lawv nthuav tawm cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo heev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev xeb ib puag ncig. Hom 304 thiab 304L stainless hlau lag luam qib nthuav tawm zoo machinability thiab zoo heev weldability nrog los yog tsis muab tub lim hlau ntxiv.

Cov yeeb nkab steel yog cov siv cov khoom siv xa khoom hauv ntau yam kev tsim kho rau kev tsim kho, cov txheej txheem ua kua, cov roj kev sib kis rau dej, roj thiab roj. Cov yeeb nkab cov hlau yeeb nkab cov qib hauv API 5L Qib B, X42 B, Astm A53 B, Cov yeeb nkab A333 A slurry pipeline is designated to transmit ores (Iron, Coal materials), or the industry mining waste, we called the pipeline as taillings. Thiab feem ntau cov kav dej hlau txuas nrog kev ncua ntev. Cov ntaub ntawv saum toj no nrog dej, peb hu slurry. Cov neeg yuav siv cov twj thauj mus los rau lub hom phiaj kawg ces yuav tau lim. Txij li thaum slurry muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm cov khoom sib txawv, yog li cov yeeb nkab tuaj yeem sib xyaw nrog 3PE, Febe txheej los tiv thaiv los ntawm kev xeb.

Inconel 600 puag ncig bar yog npib tsib xee-raws li benign carburization thiab zoo heev corrosion thiab kub heev. Inconel 600 cov khoom sib txuas ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kom qhuav cl2 thiab ntau lwm cov roj sib txawv ntawm cov mob me thiab kub. Alloy 600 Bar yog npib tsib xee-chromium alloy nrog zoo oxoidation decomposition decomposition decomposition thiab acid oxidation ntawm ntug dej kub.

Hastelloy x yeeb nkab tsis yuam n06002 cov yeeb nkab fittings tsis kam rau oxidizing txo thiab nruab nrab cua

2507 cov txiv ntoo yog cov nquag tiv thaiv carbide-ntsig txog intergranular corrosion vim lawv cov ntsiab lus carbon qis (0.020% hauv qhov hnyav).

Qhov no muab kev txhim kho zoo heev rau cov sulfuric acid. Nws kuj tseem muaj cov ntsiab lus chromium siab, kom ua kom zoo dua rau oxidizing tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj lom kabmob uas muaj kuab lom thiab yaj oxygen.