Kupanga njira yopanga yotentha \ / ntchito yotentha, yozizira

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

ASTM B425 SRA SRAFIS N08825 Bass ili ndi Nickel zomwe zili pakati pa 38% ndi 46% ndipo zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri popanda kulimba mtima.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Ndiwofala pa 304l kuti akhale ndi gawo limodzi pa 304 ndi 304l. Zojambula zotsika kaboni wa 304l zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa nayitrogeni kumathandizira 304l kuti mukwaniritse makina a 304.
Duptux Stevel & Mapepala & Coils

Ngakhale 310 ndiyabwino kutentha kwambiri, siyiyenera kumveka kwa matenthedwe owopsa a madzi obwereza kapena pomwe zodetsa zamtunduwu zimapezeka.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

M10-M24 Hex Nuth Din934 Wopanga Iller 718 N07718 Ng
Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.
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Zitsulo zopangira zimapereka mwayi woyenera kuyeretsa, kuyeserera kapena kusintha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera motsatana koma amathanso kubwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso amakona. Ma flanges amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pobowola komanso wolumikizidwa ndi makina opukusa ndi kuwotcherera kapena kuluma ndipo amapangidwira kusokonekera kwamphamvu; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB ndi 2500Lb.

Girdid Stage "Osapanga Chitsulo Chosakhazikitsa: 304 \ /04L, 3167L, 3167, 347, 347 \ / n08904 £ ¬n08367, N08926 \ / 1.4533 "

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Ndife akatswiri amitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mitundu yonse ya ma balts ndi mtedza, ngati mukuyang'ana zomata zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zomata kapena masinde a chitsulo chabe, muli pamalo oyenera. Timapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Hex Bolts ndi zomangira zazitsulo za tebulo zomwe zimakhala zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Masamba amodzi ndi mtundu umodzi wa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimakhala ndi magawo amphamvu komanso austetic m'matchature.

Izi zitsulo zolumikizira F12 zolumikizira zolumikizira zimapangidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana osagwirizana ndi miyeso ndikukwaniritsa mawu ake kudzera mwa mayiko ndi mayiko. Alloy Steel Ayim A182 F12 Amakhala ogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwononga zachilengedwe mwachilengedwe. Panthawi yomweyo, nsalu zimadula chitoliro kuti chikhale kutalika popanda zovuta za astme A182 F12 Zithunzi Zithunzi Zithunzi.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Ndife akatswiri amitundu yonse ya zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, mitundu yonse ya ma balts ndi mtedza, ngati mukuyang'ana zomata zosapanga dzimbiri kapena zomata kapena masinde a chitsulo chabe, muli pamalo oyenera. Timapanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya Hex Bolts ndi zomangira zazitsulo za tebulo zomwe zimakhala zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri.

N08825 825 Zozungulira za Bery zimaphatikizapo Molybdenum mkuwa nitrogen ndi silicon

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Zokhala ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 cha kukana kosankhidwa kwambiri, graider iyi kuvomerezedwa ndi makhosi a screck itha kuphatikizidwa ndi kachitidwe ka musidi wodula khosi. Dera lowonera limatha kuwunikiridwa mosavuta ndi radiography. Chitoliro chofanana ndi kuchepetsa chipwirikiti kumachepetsa mtima mkati mwa mapaipi. Flanger ndibwino kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito ntchito zanu komanso ndi yabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ndi mpweya, madzi, mafuta, mpweya wachilengedwe, ndi nthunzi.

Palibe chiopsezo cha intercrystalline kuzirala kapena kuwotchetsera zitsulo zotsekemera (monga) f12 slie-flanges otsika chifukwa cha mapangidwe osiyanasiyana omwe amafunidwa koma osafunikira sichofunikira.

Falesel 601 BW enyo ngati njira yolimba ya nkhope yolimba ndi gawo lalikulu la kukhazikika kwa metallical

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Mapaipe a ntchentche
ASME A182 F5 ma f5 amapangidwa ndi chrome-molybdenum chitsulo motero amakhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu. Kulemera kwawo kochepa kumakondedwa chifukwa cha kaboni wotsika komanso wamphamvu kwambiri. Zimakhala zolimbana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa sulfide kumapangitsanso kuthana ndi hydrogen.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Alloy 800 weld weck
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Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Incoloy 800 imakola maef B16.5 Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda opanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazosiyanasiyana zomwe zingagwirizane ndi zofunikira za makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Izi zimaperekedwa ndi mawerengero okakamiza PN6 kudzera pa PN64. Mapulogalamu a 60 a linoy wedi pakhosi mwamphamvu mankhwala, chomera champhamvu, mafuta a petrochem ndi petrochemical.

Giredi 304 \ / 304l chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimakhala ndi zosawerengeka 18% ya chromium ndi 8% nickel. Kusiyana kokha pakati pawo ndiye kaboni. Lembani 304 ili ndi kaboni kwenikweni ya 0.07%. Mitundu yonse ya kaboni m'matumbo imakhudza kuwonongeka kwa kutukudwa. 304 \ / 304l ikupezeka mu pepala, pepala, mbale, mbale yozungulira, yokonzedwa ndi zinthu za tuber ndikupanga kupangapo.

Chitoliro cha HT chimadziwika ngati wopanga ndi kunja kwa A350 LF2 \ / lf3 sharbon chitsulo chodzikongoletsa ndi chosapanga dzimbiri chimakongoletsa.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

ASTM A860 MS SP 75 WHFTTONS 52 imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofunikira kwambiri. Nipple.
Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Chitsulo cha kaboni
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Lumikizanani nafe
Zitsulo zomangira
Duptux Steal & ndodo
A789 S31803 ndi S320205 BUM
Chinese (zachikhalidwe)
Asme B36.19M Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

ASTM A194 2H wolemera a Hex Bolts ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo ndipo ali ndi katundu. Chitoliro cha HT ndi chowongolera cha Asmm A194 2H ndi ntchito yayikulu ya Hex. Izi ndi ntchito yolemetsa ya Nute ya Nute yolumikizidwa ndi ASTM A-193.

Astme A564 Nickel Malawi Malawi Malawi Aakuluakulu a Nickel ndiwokhazikika, modekha, ndipo atsirize bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Astelloy C276 kuzungulira chubu amapangidwa kuchokera kutentha kwambiri motentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri. Pomwe, aftelloy C276 chitoliro chowoneka bwino monga kuvala kwambiri kukana, kuwonongeka kwa chimbudzi ndi moyo wautali chifukwa cha zida zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.
A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Aloy 718 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malowa chifukwa champhamvu ndi kuthekera kwake kuchita bwino pa kutentha kwambiri.

Astelloy C276 kuzungulira chubu amapangidwa kuchokera kutentha kwambiri motentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ambiri. Pomwe, aftelloy C276 chitoliro chowoneka bwino monga kuvala kwambiri kukana, kuwonongeka kwa chimbudzi ndi moyo wautali chifukwa cha zida zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.
A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Gulani mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri 254 osuta osuta ndi ma piche 254

Mapaipi achitsulo osawoneka bwino amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kulondola kwambiri pakukhazikitsa kukhazikitsa ndi kulondola kwa ntchito ndi ntchito. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwiridwe osiyanasiyana. Ntchito zambiri zimafunikira kuwotcherera, kotero kuwotcherera mapaipi achitsulo ndi abwino. Ena amakhala otsika mtengo koma okwera pokana kuwonongeka, ndipo ena alinso olimba. Timapereka mphamvu yayikulu yotsika alloy zipi zitsulo m'makalasi osiyanasiyana ndi kukula kwake.

725ln Full Studed Bolt Bolt Disa Din975 Din976 Din976 DIMESIS Imm309 - Zhengzhou Hiperine Patiline Co: ltd.

Illevel 718 alnoy woyamba pakati pa supertentys ofooka pansi pa 650 ° °

Pali mitundu yambiri ya 16 yosapanga dzimbiri. Mitundu ina yofala ndi L, F, N, ndi R VIATTs. Iliyonse imakhala yosiyana pang'ono ndipo aliyense amakwaniritsa cholinga chosiyana. "L" amatanthauza 316l chitsulo chimakhala ndi kaboni pang'ono kuposa 316.

Pali malo osawoneka bwino komanso olima a234 WP9 chitoliro cha A234 WP9 chitoliro chimapangidwa m'matupi achitsulo a335 p9, otchera mapesi a A234 WP9, timapereka zinthu zabwino. Zogulitsa zathu ndizotsimikizika 100%.

Ma stale osapanga dzimbiri s31600 nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazithunzi zoweta kapena zowoneka bwino mu migodi, kusefa kwa madzi komanso kusweka. Kuphatikiza pa Molybdenum, SS 316 ulusi wopondaponda umaphatikizapo zinthu zina zambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. SP 316 imagwiranso chimodzimodzi ngati chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 pokhapokha ngati zimenezo zimakhala zamphamvu kwambiri. Mapulogalamu osapanga dzimbiri 316Ti amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso zolimba kuposa ma sewero ena a staves achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri. Amapangidwa ndi zida zapamwamba kwambiri, zopitilira zosowa zenizeni za wogwiritsa ntchito, ndiye kuti mukwaniritse motero kukhutitsidwa kwathunthu. Osati zokhazo, koma ulusiwo umafika kunja mokulira ndodo yonse. Tsopano, kulankhula za kukula ndi kutalika kuchokera kwa 3mm mpaka 200mm ndi m02 mpaka m33. Miyezo yake ndi asme ndi asmmem.

Kuwala kumatha kukhala mbale yophimba kapena kutseka kumapeto kwa chitoliro. Izi zimatchedwa Flange ya wakhungu. Chifukwa chake, zojambulazo zimawonedwa ngati zigawo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makina.

Aneneri ena mu banja lamkuwa-nickel ali ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana. Chitsulo chochepa ndichofunikira pakuchita bwino.

Din976 316Ti Black Nature Chitsulo Choyambitsa Chitsulo Chosakhazikika Chosakhazikika ndi ma studic bolts ndi studge bolts 1 studbots

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.