Din2566 Lap Joint 3-4

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Astm A335 P5, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P93
Matumba a Pika Matumbo
Great Stoy C22 Elible Wopanga ku China monga pa B16.9 Standard, Kutanthauzira kwa ASTM B36022 Kuchepetsa / ... / ... Mitundu ya C22 monga C ...
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.19

Monil K500 (Alloy K500), STER5500 (QQ-N05500 (QQ-N05500 (QQ-n-286), ndi chinsalu chowuma chamiyala chomwe chimaphatikizira chipongwe cha Monil Imakhalanso ndi chotsika chotsika ndipo ndilibe kutentha kwa -150¡f (-101.c).

316 Chitoliro chopanda banga chanyumba chimakhala chotsika kwambiri kwa minda yamatsenga. Mosiyana ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe ndi mitundu ya Ferromagnenetic, mitundu yambiri yosapanga dzimbiri (kuphatikizapo 316) ndi austetitic ¡ª kapena moyenera osakhazikika.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zili bwino kwambiri za chromium zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polota kusapanga dzimbiri 304 zomwe zimayambitsa oxina yolimbana ndi maxiidi otha kutentha mpaka 176¡f monga nitric acid yolemera, mpaka 55% kulemera.

Asme B36.19M Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri
Zithunzi za Intersel 718 zilinso zabwino pa ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'makampani chifukwa cha kuyera ndi mphamvu zawo. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino za 718 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popezera otentha amafa, kupopa matupi ndi magawo, ndi zina zambiri.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti A105N ndi mtundu umodzi wa A105 Flange.But A105N Flange ali ndi mphamvu zabwinoko kuposa mphamvu ya A105, mphamvu zabwinobwino ndikuchita bwino munthawi yochepa

Muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwa Subzero, modzikwana 400 ma flanges akuwonetsa umboni wa kutentha kwambiri. Kumbali inayo, katundu monga nyonga ndi kuuma kwa boti lolumikizana la Monl 400 limangochepetsedwa pang'ono

Astme A182 F12 Flat Bar ndi gawo lathyathyathya ndi gawo lalikulu la kukula kwazitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Ndioyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yogawidwa, zomangamanga, kupanga, kupanga, migodi, gridi yopepuka ndi mafakitale ambiri.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

Mapulogalamu achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala a makhate a B-engel-ozizira kapena otentha osalala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo B0-B3. Zofunikira za mbale zowonda: yosalala, yosalala, yofewa, yokulumala

Masamba osapanga dzimbiri amakhala ndi kumapeto kwa mat. Kuwonongeka kochulukirapo kuposa 18-8 ndi 17-7 PH osapanga dzimbiri, mabasiketi osapanga dzimbiri sikudzang'ambika ndi madzi amchere, chlorine mayankho ndi mankhwala. Olimba ndi ochulukirapo ogonjetsedwa kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, bumax 109 masitepe osapanga dzimbiri ndiye chisankho chabwino kwambiri pa malo okhala m'madzi ndi mankhwala.

Dundex osapanga dzimbiri 2205 ndi duplex kwambiri (Ferritic \ / auustetic) kalasi yopanda kapangidwe. Imapeza ntchito chifukwa cha kukana kwabwino kwambiri ndikulimbana. Duplex 2205 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chidayambitsidwa kuthana ndi mavuto omwe amakumana nawo ndi magawo atatu osapanga dzimbiri.

Imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso yolimbana bwino kwambiri m'malo osiyanasiyana acidic ndi alkaline, yabwino kwambiri yochepetsera mikhalidwe. Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso owonda.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.
Kupanga njira yopanga yotentha \ / ntchito yotentha, yozizira

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Izi zikutanthauza kuti A105N ndi mtundu umodzi wa A105 Flange.But A105N Flange ali ndi mphamvu zabwinoko kuposa mphamvu ya A105, mphamvu zabwinobwino ndikuchita bwino munthawi yochepa

Pulogalamu yowonjezera yowonjezera imatanthawuza mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 50 mm. Mbale zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomuphunzitsa zombo, boulders, milatho ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu kwambiri

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Mapulogalamu achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chosankha chonyamula madzi otchinga kapena udzi, ma slorries ndi mipweya yambiri, kutentha kwambiri kapena matupi obiriwira omwe akukhudzidwa. Chifukwa cha zokongoletsa za chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chitoliro nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

nickel anoy flange cap expels 718 Flange Werkstoff nr. 2.4668 Flange
Pulogalamu yachitsulo yocheperako imatanthawuza mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi makulidwe osapitirira 3 mm. Makulidwe owonda ang'onoang'ono ocheperako ndi 0,5-2nso, omwe amagawidwa m'mapepala ndi coul. Owonda
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Superalloy iyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana monga AenthoslosAce, mankhwala opaka mankhwala, ma arine opaleshoni, zida zowonongeka, ndi zida za nyukiliya.

S31254 ndi chinthu chovomerezeka ndi anti-Colussion Endost, kachulukidwe kake ndi 8.0g \ / cm3, ndipo malo osungunuka ndi 1320-130íem. Zovala zazitali za molybdenum ndi chromium ndi nayitrogeni zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosagwirizana bwino kwambiri ndikukhotakhota. Kuphatikiza kwa mkuwa kumapangitsa kuti kutsutsana ndi kuwonongeka kwa macitidi ena. Kuphatikiza apo, kulibe mutu31254 kumakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kuphwanya chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu nickel ndi chromium ndi molbdenum zomwe zili.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

ASME A420 WPL6 PIP Zithunzi monga ma wpl6, A420 WPL6 WOPHUNZITSIRA, ndi Sa 420 WPL6. Masheya athu ozizira pamanja amaphatikizapo a420 oyenera a WPL6 mu mitundu yonse ya kukula ndi makulidwe.

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Mulingo wa kufanana, kulola filimu yolimba ya oxide, siziyenera kukhala ndi ming'alu, kuperewera ndi zilema zina. Njirayi imagawidwa kukhala malo otentha owotcha ndi pepala lozizira

Alloy Steel F5 masitepe opangidwa ndi ma squacting ndipo amathandizira mapaipi osokoneza bongo osambira ndipo ndi oganiza bwino chifukwa cha mavaterako. Astme A182 F5 Lap Joves Ma fronges amapita ndi mayina osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kumbuyo kwa mayina, omasuka, otayika mphete, otayika mphete. ASTM A182 GRE F5 Malunga akhungu amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Petrochemical, upamba wa pamba, ntchito za anthu ndi madzi a anthu ambiri zimagwira ntchito.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Zeron 100? Zen 100 ali ndi ma 50 obv50 austetic kapangidwe ka 1.Pat. Ilinso ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka kuposa kuwonetsedwa ndi zitsulo zosakhazikika 300.
Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.
Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Zeron 100? Zen 100 ali ndi ma 50 obv50 austetic kapangidwe ka 1.Pat. Ilinso ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka kuposa kuwonetsedwa ndi zitsulo zosakhazikika 300.
Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.
Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.
Nickel Anoney othamanga
Nickel 200 ma flanges
A350 LF2 Flange
A350 LF3 Flange
Chitsulo cha caputor
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
C2000 Fritelloy Anoy Cund frotelloy C2000 Chipatuli
Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipel Counc CO., LTD.
Super Duplex Steple 1.4410 S32750 F53 257 Hex Nuth Din934 wopanga
Alloy C276 N10276 Astm B575 makulidwe 4mm 4mm shael mbale

Matumba achitsulo a Asm A335 Chitoliro chachitsulo chimadziwika kuti chitoliro cha chrome molybdenum chitoliro ndi zinthu za mankhwala molybdenum ndi chromium. Molybdenum amatha kusintha zinthu zopanga zitsulo monga mphamvu, zotanuka, kuvala kukana, kukana ndi mphamvu.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

P11 chitoliro ndi chromium molbdenum alloy yopangidwa chitoliro. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kutentha kwambiri. Ndiwogonjetseka, wamphamvu komanso drickile. Kampani yachitsulo India ndiopanga magiredi osiyanasiyana a chromium molbdenum alloy yopangidwa mapaipi.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Mapulogalamu achitsulo komanso olemera amatchulapo zitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe oposa 3 mm ndi ochepera 50 mm. Mitengo yamiyala yolimba komanso yamiyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomuphunzitsa zombo, boulers, milatho

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

ASME A105 Wopangidwa ndi wolemera, wokulirapo ndipo adapangidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ambiri. Amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha fodya. Kuletsa zitsulo kumapangitsa kuti akhale olimba kwambiri. Katekesi wowotchera maboni amatenthetsa kutentha ndikuyika mafa.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Duptux Steel ST31254 SORT PRORESS FRARES POPANDA mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi (nthawi zambiri mipa zopitilira 300?

M'mawu, Astm A105 Flange ndi Astme A105N Flange ali ndi mawonekedwe omwewo, koma A105N khalani ndi malo abwino opanga nthawi zambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsa.

Mbale yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwiridwe antchito komanso omanga, zombo zokakamira, zamadzi zam'madzi ndi zochokera kunyanja, komanso ntchito zankhondo. Gawo, zinthu ndi magawo a mbale yachitsulo ndizofunikira kwambiri momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Mbale zowonda zitsulo zopyapyala ndi makulidwe pakati pa 0,2-4m yopangidwa ndi kuwombera kotentha kapena kuzizira, komanso mbale zazikuluzikulu ndi zomwe zili ndi makulidwe oposa 4mm

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Mapulogalamu achitsulo akunena za mbale zachitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe ochulukirapo kuposa mamilimita. Pulogalamu yachitsulo yolimba imagawidwa mu mbale yowonjezera yowonjezera ndi mbale yamiyala yolimba.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo chomwe chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri. Ili ndi 11% chromium ndipo imatha kukhala ndi zinthu monga kaboni, zina zosakhala ndi zitsulo zina kuti mupeze zomwe akufuna. Kutsutsa kopanda dzimbiri kuti chiwonongeke kumabweretsa chifukwa cha chromium, omwe amapanga kanema wongokhala womwe umatha kuteteza nkhaniyo ndikuchira pamaso pa mpweya.