ANI B16.5 CODOY C2000 kuchepetsa zopondera zowongolera zapadziko lonse lapansi

Astm \ / asme sb 649 \ / infoloy 925 \ / infloy 926 \ / / / / \ /2

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Timapanga ma bolts 30 osapanga dzimbiri popanda kuyang'aniridwa ndi gulu lathu la akatswiri omwe amatsimikizira kukhala apamwamba kwambiri.

Titaniyamu imawerengedwa kuti ndi chitsulo champhamvu chokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 434 pa yomwe imapangitsa 63,000 psi yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu ya chitsulo chochepa kwambiri.

Super Dumple 2507 Nthi ndi zotsika zokhala ndi matenthedwe
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri & ndodo

Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
Aloy 825 bar lathyathyathya (SRAT K08825) ili ndi makina abwino oyenda mpaka kutentha kwambiri. Komabe, kukhudzidwa ndi kutentha pamwamba pa madigiri 1000 kumatha kuyambitsa kusintha kwa microstruclumiramu komwe kumachepetsa mphamvu.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Asme sb564 aloy 601 nsonga zowala nncles 601 ndi a Neckel-chromial alloy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi kutentha. Alonje a Nickel iyi imayamba chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwa maxidation, kukhalabe ogwiritsa ntchito maxidation mpaka 2200¡

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nickel Smows ndi zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri ndi machubu ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale. Malo awo obadwa nawo amawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Ma Conloys a Nickel ndiwogonjetseka kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri.

Kuphatikizika kwa mankhwala kwa 2205 chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimakhala ndi zinthu zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pazotsatira zotsatirazi. Chifukwa cha zomwe zili mu chromium zomwe zilipo mu gawo ili, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatchulidwanso kuti 22cr duplex 2205 chitoliro.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Carbon zitsulo zowongoka
Sankhani chilankhulo
Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.
Duptux Steal & ndodo

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Kenako kuyenera kukhala gawo la kachitidwe koyendetsa madzi (mafuta, gasi, nthunzi, macheza, ...) mtunda wautali kapena wautali.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Makina osapanga dzimbiri osapanga dzimbiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga chifukwa chokwanira komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mtengo wake. Ili ndi zabwino zambiri pamiyala yachiwiri yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka kuposa ina iliyonse. Kugwira ntchito kwa mtengo wapatali kwa ma emoy kwathandiza kwambiri kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kofala. Kuphatikiza pa izi, zimathandizanso pokonza dongosolo la ziwembu.

Chipika cha HT chikupanga ndikugawa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kaboni Zitsulo zachitsulo ndizofala zomangira chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino komanso kuthekera kupirira katundu. Imayankha bwino chithandizo chamankhwala chotentha ndi ntchito yochepa yolimba komanso kusokonezeka.

Popeza sayansi itagwiritsa ntchito nickel ngati wothandizira woyamba, kugwiritsa ntchito mafayilo a Spanshuwa 718 pamtenthedwe okwera alibe mphamvu pakugwiritsa ntchito kapena zida zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 304 ndi 304l ndi omwe amasinthasintha ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zambiri. Amawonetsa kukana kwabwino kwambiri m'matumbo osiyanasiyana. Makulidwe 304 ndi 304l mapaipi osapanga dzimbiri akuwonetsa bwino magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso osakhala ndi zowonjezera pazitsulo.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri, pomwe kukana kwa oxidation ndi carburis amafunikira. Kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa kupsinjika, kapena kuti musunthire hitsel rasse pamwamba pa 815¡cãc, ecoloy 800h kapena incloy 800ht iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Asme Sb338 Titanium yozungulira ndi yopepuka ndikuwapangitsa kukhala abwino kwa Aenthospace, magetsi, ankhondo ndi mafakitale.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Opanga osapanga dzimbiri amatulutsa zowonjezera izi ndikuwonjezera manganese, phosphorous, kaboni, sicnon, ndi sulufule ndi zitsulo ziwiri.
ASTM \ / asme sb 637 \ / / infoll 718 \ / n07723

Asme B16.48 Fritelloy Centroy C2000 Flanges Storsers C2000 Lap Joy Jount

Amatha kugonjetsedwa ndi zakumwa zolimba monga sulfuric acid, chonyowa chlorine gasi, chloride solution, hydrochloric acid ndi acid ambiri. Komabe, imatha kuwotcha mlengalenga ndipo ndi chinthu chokha chomwe chidzawotcha pamaso pa nayitrogeni.
Zipangizo Zambiri
Makuman
Mkuntho
Chiafkanaans
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils
Motel 400 kuzungulira bar
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Astm ASME Sb 164 Moniel 400 Steel Bar Steal Office Bar - Zhengzhou Humer Pocline Ciperiline Co., Ltd.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

FOSTELOLELOY B3 Oppliers ndi Iftegoy B3 Opanga zitha kufikiridwa ku dziko lonselo.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.
Chinese (zachikhalidwe)
Makuman
Mkuntho
Chiafkanaans
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Motel 400 kuzungulira bar
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Asme B16.5 Nickel Anoy Flangelay Flange St Flange Monow K500 Werkstoff nr. 2.4361 Flange

Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zomwe zingakhalepo mu chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sikufalikira ndi chitsulo cha kaboni. Chinthu chodziwika bwino cha chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikuti sizophweka kunyamula kapena dzimbiri. Kupewa kuwonongako ndi chinthu chapadera chachitsulo, zitsulo zofatsa zambiri zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimapangidwa mwachangu atadziwitsidwa ndi mpweya wamba wokhala ndi mpweya wabwino.

Chitoliro chowoneka bwino chimapangidwa kuti chijambulidwe patsamba kumapeto kwake ndikulumikizani mapaipe (s) ndikulola kusintha njira kapena kuthirira kapena kutha.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Illex 400 MATERISS KUSINTHA KWA ANTHU ALIYENSE ALIYENSE NDIPONSO ZINA

SA 182 F53 S32750 Flange ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chimaperekedwa potentha ndikusintha njira.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

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Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Monl 400 ndi k500 ma flanges amawonetsanso kukana kwabwino kwambiri pamapulogalamu am'madzi ndipo ali ndi kukana koyenera ku sulfuric acids pansi pamapulogalamu.

Kusintha kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pakusintha kapangidwe ka kaboni ndi chitsulo chotsika mutatha kulephera, kugunda kotentha kapena kuponyera. Kulimbana komwe kunapezeka pambuyo poti zing'onozing'ono kumatengera kusanthula kwachitsulo komanso kuchuluka kozizira komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito (pafupifupi 100-250 hb).
Mayina Ogulitsa: Nickel Anoy 36, Inter 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifar 6 ®
Astm ASME Sb 649 Aloy 926 Equoloy 926 Wozungulira Wozungulira N08926 Nickel Anoy Bar
Astm \ / asme sb 472 istelloy c-276 \ / / / / / / / /) 600 \ / Inclefeser 600 \ / / / /
Molimbana

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Monil K500 (Alloy K500), STER5500 (QQ-N05500 (QQ-N05500 (QQ-n-286), ndi chinsalu chowuma chamiyala chomwe chimaphatikizira chipongwe cha Monil Imakhalanso ndi chotsika chotsika ndipo ndilibe kutentha kwa -150¡f (-101.c).
Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Sae 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri zachitsulo (pakati pa 18% ndi 20%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 8% ndi 10,5%). Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimakhala zochepa zamagetsi komanso zomwe zimayambitsa thupi kuposa chitsuloboni. Ndi maginito, koma ochepa mphamvu kuposa chitsulo. Ili ndi chipongwe chachikulu kuposa chitsulo chokhazikika ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangika komwe kumapangidwira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. [1]
Zipangizo Zambiri
Makuman
Mkuntho
Chiafkanaans
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils
Motel 400 kuzungulira bar
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Incoloy 825 2.4858 N08825 Steel Billet
FOSTELOLOY X SEMNOI K06002 Pipe 2.4665 Chipilala chachitsulo chopanda
Carbon Steel Bars & ndodo

ASTM \ / asme sb 408.00ht \ / infoloy 800811 \ / infloy 800h \ / infoloy 800h \ /

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Asme B18.2.2 1-4 "-4" "

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.
Zipangizo Zambiri
Makuman
Mkuntho
Chiafkanaans
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils
Motel 400 kuzungulira bar
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.
Zipangizo Zambiri
Makuman
Mkuntho
Chiafkanaans
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils
Motel 400 kuzungulira bar
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
ASTM \ / asme sb 446 inoy 625 \ / / / Office N06625

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ndi mndandanda wa T 300 osapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo. Ili ndi osachepera 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel, kuphatikiza ndi ma 0,08%. Amadziwika kuti ndi chromium-nickel austetic aloy.304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zogwirizira, zingwe 3], ziwiya, ndi zozizwitsa. 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zomangamanga kuti kunja kwa maboti olima monga madzi ndi mawonekedwe amoto. Komanso ndi zinthu wamba zodziwika bwino kwa ovota.

Chifukwa cha malipenga okhazikika ndi msoko wapakatikati mwa mapaipi 304, mapaipi awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pama projekiti omwe amapezeka ndi mankhwala, zinthu za acidic, ndi madzi abwino, ndi madzi amchere.