Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils

Kuchuluka kwa chromium mu chiloya chosapanga dzimbiri chachitsulo chosawoneka ngati chopanda kanthu chimapangitsa kuti chisagwire ma oxidation.

Mtundu 304 ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kwambiri ndipo ndichizindikiro chachilengedwe kuti chiwonongeko chake chilengedwe. Imakalipo mapangidwe ambiri m'maiko osiyanasiyana, koma makamaka amawombedwa ndi chlorides.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Ena mwa ntchito za Duptux Steple Stepluel Stem 2205 ndi kufufuza kwamafuta, kukonza zida, makina am'madzi, matani am'madzi, ndi matani, ndi zomba za pepala.

Astm Asme Sb 166 Inoy Intersel 600 Round Bar Serwin N06600 Bar Nickel Anoy Bar
FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.
Zovala Zopanda Zosayenda 304 1.430 Edub Mapeto

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Mapaipi opanda chitsulo osapanga dzimbiri ndi zochulukirapo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zotsika mtengo chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zinthu zoyatsira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosapanga dzimbiri. Poyerekeza ndi zosapanga dzimbiri zosapanga dzimbiri, zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi zokolola zambiri zokolola, choncho ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugula mapaipi ndi ma duplex chitoliro m'thupi lotsika.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Ndipo ma duplex achitsulo 2205 chitoliro choperekedwa ndi chitoliro cha HT ndi chofiyira chambiri cha Duplex, chomwe chimapezeka ngati mawonekedwe a chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo cha 2205 chofewa cha 305.
ASTM B443 SIMNA SI06625 Plate Icteel 625 Coil Wopanga

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Zotsatira zake zikuwonetsa kuti sayansi 625 ndizabwino pokana kuukira m'madzi am'madzi. Komabe, kutentha kowonjezereka, kukana kwa zitsulo za kutsika kumeneku.

Los Tu bros 254 wosuta y Otras Sentions Denternation de Manicle Dentras der contros de petroleo yrroleo y mpweya.

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.

Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Illeveser 625 imaphatikiza kukana kutentha, kukana kuwononga ndi mphamvu. Illevers 625 imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko kuyambira kutentha pang'ono mpaka 1800o f (1000o c). Antioxidant ndiye gawo lalikulu. Monga Alloy C276, Spayfer 625 ndi Nickel-Cromium-Molybdenum aloy. Kuwonjezera Niobium imabweretsa zinthu mwamphamvu. Ntchito zodziwika bwino ndi malo okhala m'madzi ndi zida zowongolera.

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

Astme A105 Chipilala chimadziwika kuti chimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndi magwiridwe apadera ndipo nthawi zambiri amapangidwa kuti athe kukumana ndi zofuna zake. Timapereka mitundu yotakata ya Asthent A105 chitsulo chimalumikizidwa kudzera munthambi yapadziko lonse lapansi yonyamula masheya. Izi Astme A105 RAbobor Freat imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana

Timakhala ndi mzere wathunthu wa maswe. Izi zimaphatikizapo 304l ndi 316LL zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zili ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri wa 0,030.

Zinthu za Super Dumlex S32750 Tsamba lachuluka kwambiri ndikupanga mphamvu. Super duplex steple s32750 mbale ili ndi duckity yabwino komanso kulimba mtima. Aisi s32750 mbale ili ndi chiwerengero chabwino chotsutsana chofanizira ndi duplex. Zinthu za Super Duplex Steple S32750 mbale ili ndi chipongwe chapamwamba.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Zovala za Purex Chipamba, osasinthika S31803 chitoliro, ogulitsa pa China Dduels chitsulo, duplex tee

Kugwiritsa: Pokonzekera kapena kulumikiza zidutswa zotsekereza mapaipi, nkhuni, ndi zina zokwanira pamaboti, kuwonongeka ndi mapulogalamu ena apakhomo ndi mafakitale.

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.

Asme Sb564 Aloy Grote Ma fronges Monl 400 n04400 Ortiot Firnger 400 Flanges ikuwonetsa umboni wa kutentha kwambiri. Kumbali inayo, katundu monga nyonga ndi kuuma kwa magetsi a Monl 400 amangochepetsedwa pang'ono ndi zinthu zina ngati maulendo ena kapena kukana.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Alloy uyu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mankhwala ndi chakudya pokonza, mbadwo wamantha, ntracents zigawo zina zambiri.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Zovala zopanda pake S30400 zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku mafuta, petulo, mphamvu zomera ndi zina zambiri zamoto.

Incluoy 800 ma bolts ndi incloy 800ht ma bolts amatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndikuwunikidwa kudzera mu kapangidwe kake ka shopu. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulimba kwambiri kwa olosera, amafunikira zida zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zopanda madzi. Pakadali pano, malingaliro okwanira 800 ali ndi chitsulo, nickel ndi chromel alloy okonza. Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa oxidation ndi kuchama kucha. Amakhalabe okhazikika kwambiri potentha kwambiri ndikusunga mawonekedwe awo a Austetic.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

FSTELOLELOY C276 ali ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri kuti musunthire, oxidation ndi kupsinjika kuwononga malo. FOSTELOY ndi alloy makamaka opangidwa ndi nickel, molybdenum ndi chromium, omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kukana kwake kwakukulu. Kuwunikira kwake, kusinthasintha, kukhazikika, ndi zinthu zina zimapangitsa kukhala imodzi mwazolowera zotchuka kwambiri zamakampani ndi banja.

FOSTELOLOY X ndi a nickel baselloy yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu zapadera ndi makuti oxidation mpaka 2200¡f. Zapezekanso kuti sizingagwirizane ndi kupsinjika-kuwonongeka kwa zotupa mu seramochemical. The Alloy ali ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso owuma.

The S31803 (ASTM F51) imathamangitsidwa kwambiri ndi S32205 (1.4462, Astm F60). Izi zikuwonetsa chikhumbo chawo chokulitsa zachilengedwe za Aloy Kuphatikiza apo, zimalola kukopa gawo la nayitrogeni osati kungokhala ngati chinthu choyambira. Therefore, the highest performing duplex grades seek to maximize the content of chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo) and nitrogen (N).

S31803 ndiye njira yolumikizirana yolumikizidwa (yopanda tanthauzo) ya chitsulo choyambirira. Dongosolo la Unili lidapangidwa ndi magulu ambiri amalonda m'ma 1970 kuti muchepetse chisokonezo pomwe alloyo yemwe yemweyo adatchedwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, komanso mosemphanitsa. Chitsulo chilichonse chimayimiridwa ndi kalata yotsatiridwa ndi manambala asanu, pomwe kalatayo ikuyimira zitsulo, i.I. s ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Nkhaniyi imalemera kuposa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndipo zimakhala ndi madigiri 1411 Celsius posungunuka. Mitundu iyi ndi ya ziwonetsero za AstM B564 ndipo miyezo ndi asme, asmm, dina ndi zina zamakono zamakono monga asme B16.5, B16.47 ndi zina zotero.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Mphamvu komanso mphamvu ya tunsile imatha kuwonjezeka ndi kuzizira, koma kusinthidwa ndi kaboni kaboni pokana kuwonongeka ku ntchito yomanga bwino komwe kuchitira kutentha sikothandiza.

926 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ofanana 904l ndi 0,2% nayitrogeni ndi 6.5% molybdenum. Molybdenum ndi nitrogen zomwe zimachitika bwino kwambiri ndikulimbana ndi zopondera. Nthawi yomweyo, nickel ndi nayitrogeni sikuti amangotsimikizira kukhazikika kwa gawo la chitsulo, komanso kuchepetsa kutembenuka kwa nthawi yayitali mu matenthedwe kapena kukonzanso bwino kuposa nayitrogeni. Nickel aloy. 926 kutsutsana kwambiri ku chloride ion Ion Media chifukwa cha kukana kwabwino kwambiri ndi 25% Nickel anioy zomwe zili.

Kwa mapulogalamu ogwiritsa ntchito pepala amafuna magiredi a Anoy omwe alibe zokwanira kuwonongeka. Kutengera ndi zikhalidwe 22%, ali ndi austetitic: microptuction microstructuctunce yomwe imapereka mphamvu zazikulu, kukana ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wake.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Astme A335 P91 chitoliro chowala, a335 p91 chipapu cha P91 chitoliro cha chitsulo chachitsulo ndichoyenera kugwada komanso kupanga magwiridwe ofanana, komanso kufufuzidwanso kutentha kwambiri. Timakhala ndi Stock Asm A335 P91 P91 SIMS SIP (HFS), asme sal gr.p91 chitoliro ndi masitepe a mpweya ndi masile ambiri omwe amagawidwa ndi 100mm.
Duptux amachepetsa nsonga
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Duplex 5d
Zopangidwa
Chitsulo chachitsulo
310s chipika chosapanga dzimbiri chopukutidwa
Rount Heint Bolt Thirter chilengedwe nickel aloy 10 × 31 bolt
Duptux ng'ale modabwitsa
Kupanga Asme B36.10 ASME B36.65
Astm ASME SB 164 Moniel 400 Steel Bar Steil Office N04400 Nickel Anoy Bar
Kukula OD: 1 \ / 2 "~ 48" "

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.
Duptux amachepetsa nsonga
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Duplex 5d
Zopangidwa
Chitsulo chachitsulo
310s chipika chosapanga dzimbiri chopukutidwa
Rount Heint Bolt Thirter chilengedwe nickel aloy 10 × 31 bolt
Duptux ng'ale modabwitsa
Kupanga Asme B36.10 ASME B36.65
Astm ASME SB 164 Moniel 400 Steel Bar Steil Office N04400 Nickel Anoy Bar
Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipel Counc CO., LTD.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mphamvu zotentha kwambiri. Zapezekanso kuti sizingagwirizane ndi kupsinjika kwa kupsinjika mu matenda a petrochemical. X Alloy imawonetsa maubwino abwino pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa nthawi yayitali 1200, 1400, 1600 ndi 870 ndi 87c) kwa 16,000

Mphamvu yotsutsa-corlus yomwe imapanga zitsulo 316 zochokera ku Molybdenum mu kapangidwe kake. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa chisankho choyambirira pazinthu zina zomwe kukana kwambiri kumafunikira. Ntchito zoterezi zimaphatikizapo ntchito zolemera zam'madzi ndi mafakitale omwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimakhudzana ndi zinthu zovuta zachilengedwe.

Giredi 304 ndi chitsulo champhamvu chowoneka bwino komanso kupanga katundu. Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbirizi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale a petulo komanso zakudya zomwe zimakuvutitsani komanso mphamvu yakuchepa komanso kuthekera kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Kutengera kalasi yapaderayi, pamakhala kunyalanyaza pakati pakukana kuwononga ndi mitembo ya kutentha.

Mapulasitiki osapanga dzimbiri ali ndi ma carbon otsika-carbon omwe angapirirenso ndi vuto lonyowa la chlorine mpweya, hypochlorite ndi chlorine dioxide.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Duptux Steeel ST32205 amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zamkati zamkati ndi makampani apepala monga kukumba, juzi zomera ndi ma stamborm masheya. Amadziwikanso kuti WNR 1.4462 zoyeserera, amapangidwa ndikupangidwa m'makola athu ku mikhalidwe yapadziko lonse ku miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.