Mayina Ogulitsa: Nickel Anoy 36, Inter 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifar 6 ®

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

ASTM A182 kalasi F5 Malawire ndioyenera mapaipi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri komanso popanda kulowerera. ASTM A182 GRA F5 Flange ndi a Astm A182 kutanthauzira. Miyeso ya ma flanges imasiyana malinga ndi mitundu ya ANSI, asme ndi ad miyezo. Kodi kukula kwa flange kumachokera? mainchesi mpaka 36 mainchesi. Navistar chitsulo ndi chotsogolera ndi opanga ma flandas osiyanasiyana osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zoyenera za ASMEM A403 zosapanga dzimbiri zowoneka bwino zimapangidwa ndi zidutswa zamiyala yachitsulo. Zovala zopanda dzimbiri zimapangidwa ndi 10% Nickel ndi Zambiri Zachilengedwe.

Asisi 904l madera amitundu yopyapyala omwe amabowodwa pakati pa bolt ndi nati kugawana katunduyo pa ulusi wokonzedwapo. Dongosolo losapanga dzimbiri 904L faher ali ndi vuto lalikulu ku Cression, kuluka ndi crevice kuturuka mankhwala okhala ndi chlorics ndi nitric ndi nitric acids. SS 904l ilinso ndi Niobium kuti ikhale yolimbana ndi vuto la kuphatikizika, kusintha komwe sikukwanira mpaka kutentha kumagwera madigiri 90 Fahrenheit.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.
Kupanga njira yopanga yotentha \ / ntchito yotentha, yozizira

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Hun 933 Hex Bolt ndi ulusi wathunthu
Spring Sherher "
Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils

Duptux dambo wosakhazikika s32750 2507 Wozungulira Bol3550 Wordiner - Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipi a Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za Zida za CO., LTD.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Aisi 904l ma studio amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azigwira limodzi monga ma flanges, mavuvu, zosefera ndi zina zopunthwitsa. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ya Aisi 904l imaphatikizanso ma studio okwanira kapena osalekeza ma studie, ma stud studge, omwe amatanthauza njira yolimba ya carbon mu chitsulo. Kuonjeza ma boti athu 904l stud amatha kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zonse zachiwerezo, kuphatikizapo sizimafunikira preheat ndi post mankhwala otenthetsera ndipo amatha kupirira kutentha kwa maenjeridwe.

Astm Sb 366 Monl 400 SI0 SI04400 chitoliro chotsika ndi mitengo yotsika kwambiri pakuyenda mwachangu

FOSTELOLELOY SINES NLOSTER SWETS yomwe ndi yabwino kwa magawo osiyanasiyana ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za makasitomala athu. Timapanga asthem B575 hastelloy C-276 mbale pamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

The Alloy wagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwambiri pakuyenda madzi mwachangu kapena madzi am'nyanja. Amakhala ogwirizana ndi hydrochloric ndi hydrofluoric acid akakhala owonda.

Kuphatikizika konse kopanda kusefukira kumangochitika pogwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa ndi zida zachitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri. Zida ndi malo ogwirira ntchito ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino musanagwiritse ntchito. Izi zofunika kusamala ndizofunikira kuti tipewe kuipitsidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri lomwe lingasungunuke pansi pazinthu zopangidwa.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 347h chimakongoletsa (chosasinthika S3409) mbale yosapanga dzimbiri (0.04 ¨C 0.10) mtundu wa alloy. Inapangidwa kuti zikhale zolimbana ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu komanso nyonga yayikulu pamatenthedwe pamwamba pa 1000¡f (537¡c). Nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimakhudzana ndi mbaleyo zimapangitsa kuti chilolezo chaching'ono.

Malizani ozizira galvanuza, yotentha kwambiri, potfe, zickel, zokutira zakuda, zomveka

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Ngakhale umagwirira wa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304l ma flanges ndi ofanana ndi kalasi 304, pali zosintha zina zomwe zidachitika pakupanga kwake kwamankhwala. Kusintha kwa umisala wa grade 304l kumathandizira mawonekedwe ake ngati utali.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

2205 Zam'wirima zoyeserera zomangira zimakhala ndi zojambula zamagetsi zimakhala ndi makina owonjezera, omwe atha kukhala chifukwa cha Austetic Yoyenererana ndi Microstruct Microstructures mu Alloy.

Incloy 800ht chitoliro chachilendo chikupezeka mpaka 8 "NB. Mitundu yayikulu yokulirapo imapezeka mu zomangamanga zobiriwira (100% x-ray) ndipo imatha kupangidwanso kuti iyitanitse. Incluoy 800ht Bing imapezeka 3 "OD. Incoloy 800ht redrawn machubu ndi ma tubere okhala ndi kulekerera kolimba kumatha kuperekedwa pafupifupi kukula kulikonse kaya kukula kapena kuchuluka.

Asayansi wa Intelsel 718 ndi mpweya wowuma womwe umapangidwa kuchokera ku alloy wokhala ndi nickel ngati element imodzi, chromium ndi molybdenum, ndi zowonjezera za alumuniyamu. Alloy uyu amaphatikiza kukana ndi nyonga yayikulu ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kukana kutumiza-seld. Illeveser 718 ili ndi mphamvu bwino kwambiri yamphamvu pamatenthedwe okwezeka. Asayansi 718 agwiritsidwa ntchito m'matumbo a mpweya, miyala ya roketi, spaceraft, magetsi a nyukiliya, mapampu ndi zida.

Mipiringidzo yozungulira ndi zida zazitali za cylindrical zogwiritsidwa ntchito m'magulu a mafakitale.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Duplex 2205 alloy amapangidwa ndi chromium ndi wotsika kapena wocheperako.

Zingwe zowala zitsulo zimalumikizidwa ndikuyika chitolirocho kumapeto kwa zitsulo ndikugwiritsa ntchito filimu yolumikizira pamwamba. Izi zimathandiza kuti madziwo aziyenda bwino kapena mafuta mkati mwa chitoliro ndi mabowo osalala.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Chitsulo cha caputor
Sankhani chilankhulo
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Kunyumba »
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Asme B18.22.1 SALEY
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono
FOSTELOOY PIP TUBE B2 B3 X C22 C2000 C276 SMSS yodya chitoliro chachitsulo
Chitetezo, zolemetsa za dziko lapansi zoyenda kapena Aerospace.

Astme A193 Mndandanda wa A193 B7 zimafotokoza zofunikira zamphamvu za alloy zida zolimbitsa thupi zolimbitsa thupi za kutentha kwambiri kapena ntchito zina zapadera. Ndi lingaliro lokhazikika lomwe limatanthauzira mankhwala, makina, zothandizira kulimba, kuyika mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kutsimikizira, ndi zofunikira zina kwa zolumikizira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita nawo ntchito, maagwa, ndi zomangira. ASTM A193 amatanthauzira si (metric) ndi maiyu a inchi.

Din.5

Sae 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri zachitsulo (pakati pa 18% ndi 20%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 8% ndi 10,5%). Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimakhala zochepa zamagetsi komanso zomwe zimayambitsa thupi kuposa chitsuloboni. Ndi maginito, koma ochepa mphamvu kuposa chitsulo. Ili ndi chipongwe chachikulu kuposa chitsulo chokhazikika ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangika komwe kumapangidwira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. [1]

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

Gulu la kalasi 316 lamphamvu limatha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndi njira zoyenera zitsulo zogwirira ntchito, kupatula kuti sizingakhale zodulidwa kwa oxygen. Kudula kwa plasma ndikwabwino. Kulephera kwakukulu kwa giredi 316 ndikopambana, chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwa Austenite.

Chizindikiro ichi cha Nickel chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kutentha kwa Chrogenic mpaka kalekale ku 1200¡ã F.

Matenda a din

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

904l (N08904, 14539) Zitsulo Zapamwamba Zosapanga dzimbiri zili ndi 14.0-18.0% chromium, 24.0-26.0% Nickel, 4.5% Molybdenu. 904l Super Austetitic Osakhazikika osapanga dzimbiri, chitsulo chochepa, chambiri-nickel, chitsulo cha austenitic austititic dambo - chomwe ndi chovuta chokhudza ku French H¡. Ili ndi kusinthika kwabwino kwa kutsegula kwa ntchito, kukana kwapamwamba kwambiri, kukana bwino kuphatikizira ma acid acid, acetic acid, komanso kutsutsana kwabwino kwambiri, komanso kupsinjika kwabwino kwambiri. Ndioyenera kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a salfuric acid pansipa 70 ¡jc, ndipo ali ndi vuto lililonse lazokhazikika pazinthu zilizonse ndi kutentha kwa acid ndi acetic acid.

Mantha amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mapaipi awiri kapena kuti aletse kuyenda mu chitoliro. Zithunzithunzi za Intersel 600 nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mafuta a turbine, kupopera bara, zomera zamankhwala, zozungulira, ndi zida zapakhomo. Mukamayikidwa kudzera mu ntchito yoyendetsedwa ndi kutentha kwa Intertel sikunataye mawonekedwe. Asme \ / ANSI B16.5 Intelsel Flange imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mavidiyo a ndege ngati injini za jet zimamveka bwino komanso kuziziritsa.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Chitoliro cha a335 P1 chitoliro cha Chronde chimatchuka m'mafakitale angapo. Izi zikuwoneka makamaka mu makampani opanga magetsi ndi mafuta a petrochemamical, pomwe asbo ozungulira asme sa 335 p1

FOSTELOLELOY C-276 ndi Nickeum-Cromium-Molybdenum Alloy yomwe imagwirizana ndi Corros.c276 Alloy ndioyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ambiri.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.
Nickel Alloy Bar & ndodo
Sankhani chilankhulo
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Kunyumba »
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
50mm mipando yanyumba yanyumba ya A182 F5 Flange
Asme B18.22.1 SALEY
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

China Super Duplex 2205 2507 F51 F53 S31803 S32850 Inther Halther Halther Brother 2205

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.
Chitsulo cha caputor
Sankhani chilankhulo
Chitsulo cha kaboni
Kunyumba »
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Asme B18.22.1 SALEY
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono
FOSTELOOY PIP TUBE B2 B3 X C22 C2000 C276 SMSS yodya chitoliro chachitsulo
S31803 Duplex2205 Duver wopanda kusefukira asme B18.2.2

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Monl 400 chitoliro (Na13, N04400) Patsani kuuma, nyonga ndi kuponya mphamvu yopanga nsalu yabwino. Monl 400 chitoliro chimatha kuphatikizidwa mosavuta ndi zitsulo zamisi, mpweya-tungsten njira zamagetsi pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zoyenera zosefera.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Zithunzi za Intellel 718 ndizosagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutukudwa kwamadzi ndipo zitha kuumitsidwa ndikulimbikitsidwa ndi ozizira. Zithunzi zowoneka bwino za 718 zimagwirizananso kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwa chloride kuwonongeka.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.