ASTM A335 P5, P9, P9, P11, P12, P22, P91, P91, P91, P91, P91, P91, P91

304 Stainless Simbi Simbi ine yakanaka kwazvo kuumbwa uye inogona kuongororwa nyore nyore nenzira dzose dzakajairika. 304 \ / 304l Dual Certified.

Mapuro 254 mapepa anogona kutsungirira kushushikana kwakakwirira uye alloy 254 sm

Alloy Simbi inoshandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekudaidzira maAerospace uye Simba (Nuclear) maindasitiri. Kuwedzera zvimwe zvinhu zvinopa Alloy Steel simba rekuwedzera.

Invar 36® is the nickel-iron, yakaderera yekuwedzera maitiro ayo ine 36% Nickel, Invar

316L 1.4401 S31603 Stainless Steel pombi inzvimbo inoverengeka uye yekubhadhara pombi inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa maindasitiri uye dzekutengesa. Iyi SS uns s31603 pombi inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira mhando 316l simbi simbi ine simba rakanakisa kuCorrosion, oxidation uye yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera nharaunda dzakaoma kana dzakanyanya kushushikana.

Kunyange iyo 316 kana iyo 316L ndiyo yakachipa sarudzo. Iyo 304 uye 304L yakafanana asi isingadhuri. Zvakare haina kunyatsogara 317 ne337l, ivo vane yakakwira molybdenum zvemukati uye zvakaringana kupokana.

Iyo Corrosion inodzivirira nekukurumidza Alloys inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri emakemikari ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kudikanwa kwekuita kwakavimbika kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwavo uye kukura munzvimbo dzesimba, hutano uye nemafuta uye gasi uye firmace fashformation maindasitiri.

Alloy 400 anenge akavanzika kune chloride kushamisika corrosion kupaza munzvimbo dzakajairwa. Kazhinji, kupokana kwayo kwehurongwa kwakanaka mukuderedza nharaunda, asi murombo mune oxdilizing nharaunda.

Nickel Alloy Pippe & Tube
Alloy Simbi Fasteners
Yakagadziriswa-Kuwedzera Girazi-Yakacheneswa Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, gadzira mutsara wekuwedzera anowedzera kufanana neiyo yegirazi rakaoma mukati meimwe tembiricha yekupisa
ASTM ATME A Sa 182 304 304L TG Flange

Sch40 Monil 400 Pipe yakasarudzwa seWerkstoff Nhamba 2.4360 uye uns n04400. Alloy 400 pombi inozivikanwa seMameni Alloy 400 Pipe, Mhel 400 pombi & Nickel Alloy 400 pombi.

Yedu isina simbi inobata 39 anchor bolts inopa Optimum performance uye yakasimba yekushandisa, iri mukuteerera nemitemo yenyika uye dzenyika. Iko kurongeka kwezvigadzirwa zvedu kwezvigadzirwa zvedu zvinoongwa kwazvo nevatengi vedu zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuisa uye kuchengetedza kwenguva yakareba yenguva.

Titanium yeTitanium inenge 60% iyo yeStusless Simbi uye Nickel Alloys, uremu uhu hunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mukushandisa kwakadai sekusarongeka.

A789 unt s31803 uye unt S.2205205 ​​makumi maviri emakiredhi eDuplex Spainless Simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Idzi duplex s3118803 mapepa asina masevedza anozivikanwa nekukora kwavo kwakanyanya kupesana, simba rakanyanya, uye rakanaka kwazvo. A789 ndeyekutaura iyo inovhara masapu uye yakavezwa mabhebhu yakagadzirwa kubva kuDuplex Spainless Simbi.

ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate is a duplex stainless simbi simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emakemikari akadai sekuongorora kwemakemikari, kuongorora kwegasi, uye muinjiniya ekumaini. SA 240 GR 2205 pepa rinogadzirwa kubva kuGrade 2205 Simbi isina simbi, iyo iri musanganiswa wesimbi uye autenitic simbi.

ASTM A316 TP316 chiitiko chakajairika chechisema, seam yakakwira, uye inotonhora yakashanda yakashanda muAustenitic isina mapaipi ebundu uye general corrorive. Pombi 316 isina kugadzirwa yeindasitiri yakagadzirwa kubva musanganiswa weChromium, Nickel, uye Molbdenum, iyo inopa SS 316 seamless tube yakanakisa kuramba uye ngura.

253 Ma inowana kupisa kwayo kupisa zvinhu kuburikidza nekuwedzera kwakadzora microalloy. Cerium inosanganisa ne silicon kuti ipe zvakanakisa oxidation kudzikisira pakupisa kusvika pa2000¡¡ (1093¡¡¡). Iko kusanganiswa kweNitrogen, kabhoni uye cerium inopa kaviri iyo Creepy creep essure ye330 uye 309 stainless simbi ku 1600¡¡¡ (871¡¡¡). Yayo 0.2% yekubvisa inokodzera simba mune imwe mamiriro ehuremu hweHardness B is rb 90% kusvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana

Simbi isingaiti pane zveshuwa zvakaumbwa nehombodo yesimbi uye chidimbu chidiki cheChromium

Al6xn is SuperAdyaTic STOLLess STOL isina simba rekupokana ku chloride pomber, crevic corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion kupaza. Al6xn ndeye 6 moly Alloy iyo yakagadziriswa uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa kwazvo. Iyo ine yakakwira nickel (24%), molybdenamu (6.3%), nitrogen uye zvirimo zvirimo zvinopa kupokana kushamisira, Al6xn inonyanya kushandiswa kune yayo yakavandudzwa pombi uye crevice corrosion kuramba mu chlorides. Iyo inzvimbo inoyevedza uye inotyisa isina simba.

Izvi zvinopa zvakanyatsosimbiswa kuramba kuSulfutic acid. Iyo ine zvakare yakakwira zvemukati, kuti uwedzere kupokana ne oxidizing makemikari uye maitiro ehova dzakasvibiswa neFerric ion uye yakanyungudika oksijeni.

Izvo zvine basa rakanyanya kusimbisa kuora kupaza nekuda kwekutonga kweCarbon Zvemukati uye Size Size, saka 601 inokurudzirwa kushandiswa munzvimbo dziri pamusoro 500 ¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡
A789 uns s31803 uye uns s32205 seamless tubing

Nickel Alloy Bars & Rods
Duplex Steel Uns S32205 Forners inoshandiswa mune yePulp uye yepepa indasitiri dzakadai seyagi, zvidyarwa zveBlachs, zvidyarwa zvinobata masisitimu. Inozivikanwawo seWnr 1.4462 Fasteners, anovandudzwa uye akagadzirwa mukuzvisimbisa kwedu kumhando yemhando yepamusoro kune yakakwirira mhando zviyero zvemhando yepamusoro.

ASME B36.19M ndiyo yakatarwa yetsvina yetsvina, inotsanangura zviyero, kushivirira, uye zvinodiwa nezvikumbiro zvemubayiro miviri uye zvisina maaipi.

Simbi isina kudzikisira tete inoshanda kwazvo mumafuta, gasi, mapipi emvura, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, zvinovaka uye maindasitiri ezvekudya.

Iyo 316 isina mbiya yesimbi yave iri chinhu chakakosha chekereke yeindasitiri. Uku kuwanda kwesimbi uye chrome kunozivikanwa nekukanganisika kwakakura kuonga, pamwe nekuimba kwaro. "

Nickel yakavakirwa 800 incoloy hexagonal pombi inozivikanwa kuti uve nekudzikisira kwakanaka kuora. Kunyanya kutaura, iyo incocoy 800 pombi inopa kudzikisira kwakaringana kurwisa carburization pamwe ne oxidation corrosion.

Iyo flange ndeyechipiri inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekubatanidza mushure mekungoda. Mahara anoshandiswa kana majoini achida kushungurudzika. Inopa kuchinjika kwekugadzirisa. Flange inobatanidza pombi nemidziyo dzakasiyana siyana uye mavharuvhu. Kurambana kwekupwanya kunowedzerwa mune pombi system kana kugara uchichengetedzwa mukati panguva yekuvhiya kwekushandisa.

Inconel 6 00 ROPT Bar ndeye Nickel-yakavakirwa Alloy ine benign carburization uye yakanakisa corroson kuramba pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha. Inconel 600 matende ezvipfuyo zvinoshanda kupesana nekuomesa cl2 uye mamwe mamwe matsime akasiyana pakupisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Alloy 600 bar is a nickel-chromium acloy ine zvakanaka oxidation kupokana uye kuramba kuChroride yekudzvinyirira yekushambadzira, yakanyanya kuchena kwemvura corroson uye acid oxidation pakudziya kwakasimudzwa.

304 Kupwanya mahwendefa kunoitwa makumi matatu nemashanu simbi, zvinhu zvakajairika uye zvakakurumbira muzvinyorwa zvakawanda zveindasitiri izvo zvinoda kuramba kupokana neoxdion uye oxidation. Aya maS30400 kupaza mahwende ekupaza anogadzirira uchishandisa hunyanzvi hwemachina uye maitiro, ayo anoona kuti vakanyatsojeka uye vakavimbika.

Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa mari inowanzo shandiswa mukunyorwa-tembiricha zvakakura senge erispace uye gasi turbines. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweASTM B670 Inconel 718 Sheet ndiyo ndiro iri rolling maitiro. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurasiti 718 mahwendefa anowanikwa pamusika: kupisa kwakapetwa uye kutonhora zvakapetwa mahwendefa.

SS 316 \ / / 316L \ /36TI Tender Mara \ Aya matanda nematanda akagadzirwa nenzvimbo dzemuviri uye michero dzakadai sekusimba, gohwo simba, simba rezvinhu, elongation, maitiro ekuwedzera, magetsi ekuwedzera, kuwedzera kwemagetsi, uye kuwedzera kwemagetsi, uye kuwedzera kwemagetsi.

Duplex mapaipi emafuta asina tsvina ane huwandu hwakakwira hwechromium uye hushoma huwandu hweNickerl. Dupplonde mapaipi anopa simba rakakura uye kuramba kune zvakashata nharaunda. DuplEX PIPES inoshandiswa mune desalination zvidyarwa, kupisa kutsinhana, uye maitiro emarine.

Inconel 625 Coil inoonekwa nekukanganisika kwaro kurwisa oxidation, yakakwira-tembiricha corroson uye kupera simba. ASTM B443 Uns n0662 incangen Plate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAerospace, maindasitiri emakemikari uye maaini uye kuoma uye kuomarara uye kusimba kunyange munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.

Kurumidza c2000 machubhu anoshandiswa mune yakawedzera huwandu hweshanduru yekusanganisira petrochemical kugadziriswa, makemikari ekugadzirisa michina kugadzira, mafuta enyeredzi uye zvidyarwa zvemafuta.

Kurumidza B2 Studs kune hurombo Corrostion Kudzivisa kune oxidizing nharaunda uye saka hazvikurudzirwe kushandiswa kweiyo oxdizing media kana pamberi penzvimbo pavanenge vachikurudzira nekukurumidza preemature corrostion kukundikana.

AstM A213 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, 316TI TP317, TP31, TP310, S31254, No892, No8926

Incoloy 800 inotenderera bar ine zvese zvinodikanwa zvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvakadai sekukona kuputika, simba resimba, rakanakisa oxidation kuramba uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushisa. Bar redu repamusoro-soro rakakomberedzwa rakasiyana magetsi rekuramba dzimba dzinodzivirira kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti zviite kuti zviitwe zvemamiriro ekunze uye zvakanyanyisa kushamisika.

Nilo Alloy 36, WMR 1.3912, Invar 36® is a nickel-iron

Nickel-Conver-based Alloy 400 Mazoni 2.4360 Cold Dy Dhizaina Immuney Immuney Hurlis-Corros Interness yekunetseka painenge ichisimbisa midhiya mune yakajairana nenhamba. Monil 400 is a copper uye nickel yakavakirwa alloy iyo inozivikanwa nhasi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanyanya. Iyo Alloy ine yakanaka acid uye alkali kuramba. Mukuwedzera, ine simba rakanaka rakafanana, ductility, dhiziri rakanaka, uye rinogona kuomeswa nebasa rinotonhora. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushandiswa mune zvekushandisa nekupisa kubva kuIns kusvika ku533 degrees Celsius.

Kune akasiyana saizi zvinoenderana nemitemo yakasiyana yeASTM B574 uns N10276 Fasteners. Kurumidza C276 Alloy kuri nyore kwazvo kugadzira uye haadi kupisa kurapwa mushure mekutora. Kurumidza C276 Alloy Accels mune akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa (i.e. makemikari kugadzirisa).

ASTM A335 P91 Alloy Steel pombi uye High Pressure Boiler tube ndidzo mbiri dzakasiyana dzinowanikwa, huwandu hunoenderana nesaizi, izvo zvinongoenderana nekushandisa. Hurefu urefu huchave hydrosticall yakaedzwa uye isiri-inoparadzirwa yakaedzwa kuti isarudze.

Yayo yakajairwa Corrosion application inosanganisira titaniide dioxide kugadzirwa (chloride nzira), perchlorethyle synthesis, vinyl chloride monomer (vcm) uye magnesium chloride. Alloy 600 inoshandiswa mune zvemakemikari uye chikafu chekugadzirisa, kurapa kwekushisa, phenol curnensers, sipo kugadzira, miriwo uye mafuta emidziyo, uye zvimwe.
Incoloy 800h Flange isu tine mukurumbira akasimba muindasitiri yekugadzira yakakwirira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.
Flange inguva yekuputika, muromo kana rim, ingave yekunze kana yemukati, iyo inoshandira kuwedzera simba (sekupisa kweiyo danda resimbi senge i-danda kana t-danda); Zvekubatanidza zviri nyore \ / kuendesa kwekusangana kwesimba nechimwe chinhu (sekupenya pakupera kwepombi, steam cylinder, etc., kana pane lens gomo rekamera); Kana kuti zvokutsvedza uye kutungamira mafambiro emuchina kana zvikamu zvaro (sekusiyana-siyana kwemukati wemuchina wemuchina kana tram vhiri, inochengeta mavhiri kubva pamapundu kubva pamapundu). Izwi rekuti "Flange" rinoshandiswawo kune rudzi rwezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuumba malanges.

Saizi "od: 1 \ / 2" "~ 48"

Kana yako yekunze yekushandisa yakavharirwa, kwete iripo iripo njodzi yekufumura zvinhu zvese zvemagetsi zvemukati, asi zvinogona kudhura kutsiva muchiitiko chepfupi. Tiri kutaura nezvezvikamu zvinokuvara uye kutsiva, kubhadhara mari, kusanganisira basa uye nguva yekudya. Ndakaona zvimwe zvinotyisa chaicho chinoratidza kana ganda racho richibuda. Isu takaona kuti kushandisa 316 Stainless Simbi pane makumi matatu neshanu simbi yekunze, yakadaro. EFW / ^

Alloy 800 Weld mitsipa inovhenekera isu tine mukurumbira wakasimba mune indasitiri yekugadzira yakakwira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

VaAlloy 625 RDS zvinowanzo shandiswa mumafuta uye gasi kugadzirwa uko hydrogen sulfide uye sulemental sarufa zviripo pakupisa kwemadhigirioni zana nemakumi mashanu Celsius. Aya maNickel 625 kutenderera mazariro anoramba kwazvo kusvika kune mvura yegungwa pasi peanoyerera uye mamiriro ezvinhu akasimba pamwe nemamiriro ekutsvaira.
Carbon Steel Flanges
Sarudza Mutauro
Carbon simbi
Duplex simbi
www.pademusic.com
HTTPS: \ / \ / www.hippipe.com \ / Steelpipe
1-4in yakaomeswa simbi yakatenderera yakakombama washers
316 LVM PIPE S31600 PIPE
ASTM A276 S31803 Round Bar 2205 Steel Bar
TP317, TP317L, TP32, TP310s, TP347, S31254, No8367, No8926, No8904
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.19

Iyo ni-cr-mo supailloy kukurumidza c276 ine yakanakisa kuramba mune yakasimba acid uye alkali midhiya uye inodzivirira kudzima, crevico corrosion uye SCC. Kurumidza kuC276 zvakare kune upfusi kupokana kune weti cheloride gasi, hypochlorite uye chlorine dioxide media.

Kuti uburitse pombi, inodikanwa kubvisa iyo yakananga hose pombi. Paunenge uchishandisa mapipi akasiyana-siyana, mapipi akasiyana siyana anofanirwa kushandiswa. Kana pombi inoshandiswa, iyo celbow inofanirwa kushandiswa kuchinja saizi yePombi. Kana kuunganidza, iyo nhatu-nzira pombi yekubatanidza inoshandiswa pombi dzakasiyana uye kusvika pakutenderera kwekutenderera kwePombi , Mukubatana kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kunewo vanobatana uye mapundu echiridzwa.

Yakakwira Chromium, Molybdenum uye nitrogen yezvinyorwa zvinopa mukudzikisira kwakaenzana nhamba (40, kupa zvakakwirira kudzikisira kugona kuAustenitic uye duplex stainly media, uye tembiriro rakadzora kupfuura 50¡¡¡.

Kuti uburitse pombi, inodikanwa kubvisa iyo yakananga hose pombi. Paunenge uchishandisa mapipi akasiyana-siyana, mapipi akasiyana siyana anofanirwa kushandiswa. Kana pombi inoshandiswa, iyo celbow inofanirwa kushandiswa kuchinja saizi yePombi. Kana kuunganidza, iyo nhatu-nzira pombi yekubatanidza inoshandiswa pombi dzakasiyana uye kusvika pakutenderera kwekutenderera kwePombi , Mukubatana kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kunewo vanobatana uye mapundu echiridzwa.

Inconel mazana matanhatu emasaini emasumbo extucum yetube of standard unt n06600 uye ASTM
Nilo \ / Alloy K W.nr .: 1.3981
Sarudza Mutauro
Carbon simbi
Duplex simbi
www.pademusic.com
HTTPS: \ / \ / www.hippipe.com \ / Steelpipe
Stainless Simbi Mahwendefa & Masheets & Coils
316 LVM PIPE S31600 PIPE
ASTM A276 S31803 Round Bar 2205 Steel Bar

ASTM A333 Icho chiitiko cheSeamless uye Welded Carbon uye Alloy Steel Pipes yeSturity Tembiricha Service kana Zvimwe Zvekushandisa zvinoda kuomarara. Iyi yakajairwa inovhara mamakisi akati wandei ebakiti. Mapipi anofanirwa kunge akasununguka kugadziriswa, kungave neradiographic kana ultrasonic kuyedza.

Izvo zvinokwanisa kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita oxidizing uye zvisiri-oxidizing makemikari, uye zvinoratidzira kuramba kwakanyanya kudzikisira uye kurwiswa kwechikepe pamberi pehuku uye kumwe kudziya.

Nickel Alloy 400 uye Monil 400, inozivikanwawo seMunyuti N04400, iri DUCTICE ANICEL-BEPHER AllEY INYKEL NYKEL uye yechitatu-yechitatu yengozi. Nickel Alloy 400 inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvinhu akaora, kusanganisira Alkalis (kana acids), mvura yemunyu, hydrofluor acid, uye sulfuric acid. Sezvo Monil 400 kana Alloy 400 isimbi inotonhora yakashanda, uyu mutero ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara nesimba. Nekutonhora

Stainless Steel Round Bar ndeye cylindrical Stainless Steel chigadzirwa, iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu auto nhengo, maAerospace zvishandiso zveHardware, maindasitiri emakemikari uye mamwe maindasitiri. Stainless Steel Wnr 1.4301 Wire anozivikanwa nekuda kwesimba rayo rinoshamisa uye rinowanikwa mune dzakasiyana siyana saizi zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nevatengi. Ivo ndidzo chigadzirwa chezvakanakisa zvekushandisa uye nzira dzekutanga dzinoenderana nematanho akagadzwa eindasitiri. Mune yedu assortment yatitenderedza tsvimbo nemhando yakakosha yemugumo kuti ive nechokwadi chepfupi uye chakasimba fittings mu pombi.
Nilo \ / Alloy K W.nr .: 1.3981
Sarudza Mutauro
Carbon simbi
Duplex simbi
www.pademusic.com
HTTPS: \ / \ / www.hippipe.com \ / Steelpipe
Invar 36 Dziviso: Uns k93600, W.nr 1.3912
316 LVM PIPE S31600 PIPE
ASTM A276 S31803 Round Bar 2205 Steel Bar

Inconel un n08601 pombi inobhururuka ncelnes 601 is a nickel-chromium axoy inoshandiswa kune zvikumbiro izvo zvinoda kuramba kuora uye kupisa. Iyi Nickel Alloy inomira nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kune yakanyanya kupisa oxidation, kuramba zvakanyanya kune oxidation kuburikidza ne2003 600

Nickel 200 inodonha iyo Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akaiswa pasi, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.

Incoloy 800 inotenderera bar ine zvese zvinodikanwa zvivakwa uye zvivakwa zvakadai sekukona kuputika, simba resimba, rakanakisa oxidation kuramba uye kupisa kwakanyanya kwekushisa. Bar redu repamusoro-soro rakakomberedzwa rakasiyana magetsi rekuramba dzimba dzinodzivirira kubva kune dzakasiyana siyana dzemamiriro ekunze, zvichiita kuti zviite kuti zviitwe zvemamiriro ekunze uye zvakanyanyisa kushamisika.

Nilo Alloy 36, WMR 1.3912, Invar 36® is a nickel-iron

semi-apedza zvigadzirwa zveMazasi mazana mana emadhora ekuvakwa kweAluminium ladders

Kurumidzai G-30 iri yakakwira Chromel-base Alloy iyo yakakwira kurwisa pamusoro peiyo manhamba ezvekutengera

AstM A269TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP31, TP34

Iyo yakabatanidzwa yakabatanidzwa inoumbwa nezvireverwe zvitatu zvakasiyana uye yakazvimirira kunyangwe isina zvikamu zvemukati; malipi, masika, uye kusungwa; izvo zvakaunganidzwa nechimwe pesvedzero, iyo yakakodzera. Kukosha kwakakosha kunodiwa mukusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvese zviripo kuti uwane mubatanidzwa, iyo inogamuchirika kusunganidzwa.