ASTM ASME SB 166 Alloy 600 incavel 600 inotenderera Bar unt n06600 bar Nickel Alloy Bar

Iyo unt s32750 chiyero chePIPE Fittings ine 25% Chromium, 4% molybdenum, uye 7% nickel. Iyo unt s32750 Pipe Fittings ine 50-50 microgramu yeiyo ferritic uye austenitic simbi mamakisi ane simba rakagadziriswa.

Alloy 800 Weld mitsipa inovhenekera isu tine mukurumbira wakasimba mune indasitiri yekugadzira yakakwira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Alloy 800 is a Nickel-simbi-Chromium Alloy ine simba rakanyanya uye rakanyanya kupokana ne oxidation uye corrosion pakupisa kwakanyanya. ASTM b407 uns n08800 incoloy 800 W. nr. 1.4876 Yakatemwa Pombi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvekuvakwa kwemidziyo inoda kuramba kupokana, kupisa kupesana, simba, uye kugadzikana kwebasa kusvika 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Kurumidza kuC2000 kunowanikwa mune dzakasiyana-siyana saizi uye gobvu, rudzi urwu rwechromini-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum

Mhando dzinosiyana dzakavakirwa pamashoko ezita rakaputira rakabatanidzwa mukubatana nemadziro madziro. Purogiramu kubva pane Sch20 kusvika kuXXs. Pipe urefu kusvika ku13500 mm. Kune mapepa asina kusungwa uye mapepa akagadzirirwa mune izvi zvakafanana. ASTM A335 P5 pombi inogona kutenderedza, hydraulic, rectangular, mativi kana hexagonal. Kureba kwepombi kunogona kutemwa zvakare kuenzana nekureba maererano nezvinodiwa nevatengi.

Inoratidzira 304 STOLLU TESEL yeakanyanya kurwisa, iyi grainter yakatenderwa neLD mutsipa inogona kubatanidzwa kune system kuburikidza neicho tirtferial weld pamutsipa. Iyo nzvimbo yakashongedzwa inogona kuongororwa nyore nyore nerodhiyo. Dend pombi uye flange yakazvitakura inoderedza turbulence uye kugura mukati mePombi. Flange yakanaka kwazvo yekushandisa mune yako yakaoma mashandisirwo uye yakakodzera kushandiswa nemhepo, mvura, mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, uye steam.

Unt n08367 zvinowanzoitika seyakajairika al6xn is a lowl kabhoni, yekunyora "

Kuti uburitse pombi, inodikanwa kubvisa iyo yakananga hose pombi. Paunenge uchishandisa mapipi akasiyana-siyana, mapipi akasiyana siyana anofanirwa kushandiswa. Kana pombi inoshandiswa, iyo celbow inofanirwa kushandiswa kuchinja saizi yePombi. Kana kuunganidza, iyo nhatu-nzira pombi yekubatanidza inoshandiswa pombi dzakasiyana uye kusvika pakutenderera kwekutenderera kwePombi , Mukubatana kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, kunewo vanobatana uye mapundu echiridzwa.

Nickel Alloy 400 uye Monil 400, inozivikanwawo seMunyuti N04400, iri DUCTICE ANICEL-BEPHER AllEY INYKEL NYKEL uye yechitatu-yechitatu yengozi. Nickel Alloy 400 inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvinhu akaora, kusanganisira Alkalis (kana acids), mvura yemunyu, hydrofluor acid, uye sulfuric acid. Sezvo Monil 400 kana Alloy 400 isimbi inotonhora yakashanda, uyu mutero ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara nesimba. Nekutonhora

Inconel 6 00 ROPT Bar ndeye Nickel-yakavakirwa Alloy ine benign carburization uye yakanakisa corroson kuramba pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha. Inconel 600 matende ezvipfuyo zvinoshanda kupesana nekuomesa cl2 uye mamwe mamwe matsime akasiyana pakupisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Alloy 600 bar is a nickel-chromium acloy ine zvakanaka oxidation kupokana uye kuramba kuChroride yekudzvinyirira yekushambadzira, yakanyanya kuchena kwemvura corroson uye acid oxidation pakudziya kwakasimudzwa.

Sch40 Monil 400 Pipe yakasarudzwa seWerkstoff Nhamba 2.4360 uye uns n04400. Alloy 400 pombi inozivikanwa seMameni Alloy 400 Pipe, Mhel 400 pombi & Nickel Alloy 400 pombi.

Inconel un n08601 pombi inobhururuka ncelnes 601 is a nickel-chromium axoy inoshandiswa kune zvikumbiro izvo zvinoda kuramba kuora uye kupisa. Iyi Nickel Alloy inomira nekuda kwekuramba kwayo kune yakanyanya kupisa oxidation, kuramba zvakanyanya kune oxidation kuburikidza ne2003 600

Iyo yakakwira oxidation inodzivisa pfuma yegiredhi 2205 inotorwa nembve yayo pamusoro pe300¡¡. Iyi embriketi inogona kuchinjwa nemhinduro yakazara inowedzera kurapwa. Iyi giredhi inoita zvakanaka pakupisa pazasi 300¡¡¡.
Aisi ATME ASTM Din Welding mutsipa flange yakasimudzwa kumeso

Inconey 718 HEX nzungu inoshandiswawo mune yakanyanya tembiricha yakadai seSteam VaGenters, gasi mainjini, spaccraft engine, maturusi, maturusi uye midziyo yenyukireya. Inconel 718 Hex Bolts inenge kaviri yakasimba seyisingarambwe 625 fasteners.

Yakagadziriswa-Kuwedzera Girazi-Yakacheneswa Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, gadzira mutsara wekuwedzera anowedzera kufanana neiyo yegirazi rakaoma mukati meimwe tembiricha yekupisa

Sae 304 Simbi isina tsvina ndiyo yakajairika simbi isina tsvina. Simbi ine ese chrromium (pakati pegumi neshanu kusvika makumi maviri neshanu muzana) uye nickel (pakati pe8% uye 10.5%) [1] simbi simbi isiri-simbi. It is austenitic simbi isina simbi. Izvo hazvina kunyatsoita uye nenzira yekunyora pane carbon simbi. Iyo yemagineti, asi isinganyanyi kushomeka kupfuura simbi. Iyo ine yakakwira kurwisa kupesana kupfuura nguva dzose simbi uye inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekurererwa iyo iyo inoumbwa mumhando dzakasiyana siyana. [1]

Inconey 718 inodzivirira zvakanyanya kuPhosphoric uye Sulfuric acids pamwe neCrevice uye Pitinging Corrosion. Yedu inconey 718 Forners ine yakanaka michina yezvivakwa mukamuri mbiri uye kukwidziridzwa kupisa.

Kunyangwe zvinyorwa zvacho zvine simba rakanaka kusimba mukusimba kwakasimba zvakanyanya, kushandiswa kwenzvimbo 800 kutenderera bar pakupisa kwakakwirira kunoguma nekudzikiswa kwesimba rayo rakajeka. Nekudaro, seWakawanda Austenitic Stainless Steel Alloys, unt N08811 Bar Bar yakaratidza kuve chinhu chinobatsira, kunyanya munzvimbo dzakakwirira dzenhau dzakapusa.

ASTM A350 LF3 HONGHOKO LOBLE neThora DN150 Flange Wn Dn Dn 1000 - Zhengzhou Huitotong Mapipi Comice Co, Ltd.

Nickel-Molybdenum-Colunbium Inconel 625 2,4856 n06625 Steel bar
Titanium yeTitanium inenge 60% iyo yeStusless Simbi uye Nickel Alloys, uremu uhu hunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mukushandisa kwakadai sekusarongeka.
316 S36600 STAINLUTLE STEEL PIPE BOTLES

ASTM A23 DPB PIPE Fittings Carbon Steel Vashandiswe mumaindasitiri kuti ichinje nzira yekuyerera kana kuchinja chiyero chekuyerera kwenhau

Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa mari inowanzo shandiswa mukunyorwa-tembiricha zvakakura senge erispace uye gasi turbines. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweASTM B670 Inconel 718 Sheet ndiyo ndiro iri rolling maitiro. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurasiti 718 mahwendefa anowanikwa pamusika: kupisa kwakapetwa uye kutonhora zvakapetwa mahwendefa.

Chikanda chirwere chesimbi (chakarongedzwa, chicheka kubva mundiro, kana kutenderera) chakagadzirirwa kubatana kwepombi, kana kujoina chombo chemudziyo, vhara, pombi kana imwe gungano rakabatanidzwa. Mahara akabatanidzwa kune mumwe nemumwe neBolts, uye kune iyo pombi yekuputika neWelding kana kuti tambo (kana kusimuka kana stub yapera). Simbi isina simba rakarerutswa seSS Flange, rinoreva malipi akagadzirwa nesimbi isina tsvina. Maitiro ezvekunyama anozivikanwa uye mamakisi aAntm a182 giredhi F304 \ / / l uye F316 \ / /200. Yakasvika Simbi Inyasha

Yakakwira Chromium, Molybdenum uye nitrogen yezvinyorwa zvinopa mukudzikisira kwakaenzana nhamba (40, kupa zvakakwirira kudzikisira kugona kuAustenitic uye duplex stainly media, uye tembiriro rakadzora kupfuura 50¡¡¡.

Duplex simbi pombi & tube
Simbi Bars & Rods
Iyo inoratidza kupokana kwakanaka kune vasina kwavakarerekera uye kuderedza nharaunda. Aya maitiro aya anogadzira iyo ine mhuru, yefirimu rinodzivirira risingabvumirwe, asi rinochengetedza oxidation kupokana nekunyanyisa kupisa.
PN16 Welding mutsipa Steel pombi inobhururuka

316L 1.4401 S31603 Stainless Steel pombi inzvimbo inoverengeka uye yekubhadhara pombi inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa maindasitiri uye dzekutengesa. Iyi SS uns s31603 pombi inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira mhando 316l simbi simbi ine simba rakanakisa kuCorrosion, oxidation uye yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera nharaunda dzakaoma kana dzakanyanya kushushikana.

A789 unt s31803 uye unt S.2205205 ​​makumi maviri emakiredhi eDuplex Spainless Simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune dzakasiyana siyana maindasitiri. Idzi duplex s3118803 mapepa asina masevedza anozivikanwa nekukora kwavo kwakanyanya kupesana, simba rakanyanya, uye rakanaka kwazvo. A789 ndeyekutaura iyo inovhara masapu uye yakavezwa mabhebhu yakagadzirwa kubva kuDuplex Spainless Simbi.

Nickel 718 Plate ine Simba Rekupfuura pane risingakwanisi X-750 uye Zvirinani Mechancess Preetsies pamakadzika tembiricha pane Nimonic 90 uye Alloy X-750. Nickel 718 Coils inopa yakasindwa zvakanyanya kutambudzika ichienzaniswa nealuminium uye titanium yakaomeswa nickel-based supacloys.

Nilo \ / Alloy K W.nr .: 1.3981
Iyo flange ndeyechipiri inonyanya kushandiswa nzira yekubatanidza mushure mekungoda. Mahara anoshandiswa kana majoini achida kushungurudzika. Inopa kuchinjika kwekugadzirisa. Flange inobatanidza pombi nemidziyo dzakasiyana siyana uye mavharuvhu. Kurambana kwekupwanya kunowedzerwa mune pombi system kana kugara uchichengetedzwa mukati panguva yekuvhiya kwekushandisa.

Kana ichishandiswa musanganiswa neyakanaka zvemhando zvigadzirwa, iyo CS SHEL FLASE SIMBA SIMBA, kunyanya maindasitiri yegirini uye yegasi pane yakanyanya kuwanda midhiya kune masisitimu

Kurumidza c2000 machubhu anoshandiswa mune yakawedzera huwandu hweshanduru yekusanganisira petrochemical kugadziriswa, makemikari ekugadzirisa michina kugadzira, mafuta enyeredzi uye zvidyarwa zvemafuta.

316 Resisi resel resel resimbi uye kusvibiswa, kuchengetedzwa kwakaderera, uye kusimba kwakajairika kunoita kuti isimbe isina chinhu yakanaka yekunyorera zviwanikwa uye zvinokonzeresa simba. Uye zvakare, simbi isina tsvina inogona kutapudzwa kuita pepa, ndiro, bar, waya uye tube. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa muCaberware, tableware, zviridzwa zvekuvhiya, mota dzekuvaka, zvirimwa zvezvivakwa, kurapwa kwemvura, uye kurapwa kwemvura), uye matangi emvura), uye matangi emvura), uye matangi ekuchengetedza uye matangi ekuchengetedza uye matangi emvura uye matangi emakemikari emakemikari uye chikafu chemakemikari uye chikafu.

Izvo zvinotopesana nezvinwiwa zvakashata senge sulfuric acid, wet chlorine gasi, chloride mhinduro, hydrochloric acid uye yakawanda organic acid. Nekudaro, inogona kupisa mumhepo uye ndiyo chete chinhu chinopisa pamberi pe nitrogen.

ASME B18.2 Hex Nuts Incalic 718 2.4668 nuts Nickol Alloy N07718 nuts uye nekukurumidza c276 nzungu

Inconel 625 Coil inoonekwa nekukanganisika kwaro kurwisa oxidation, yakakwira-tembiricha corroson uye kupera simba. ASTM B443 Uns n0662 incangen Plate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAerospace, maindasitiri emakemikari uye maaini uye kuoma uye kuomarara uye kusimba kunyange munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.

Stainless Steel Flange ine yakanaka kuita uye zvesainzi zvinhu. General Simbi Zvigadzirwa zvinoita nemhepo munzvimbo ine humid, ichichinja zvinhu zvepakutanga.

Iko kushandiswa kweCarbon Steel Astm a105 mapofu maFlanges anoita kuti zvive nyore. Mapofu emapofu anoshandiswa kuvhara vharuvhu kana kuti vaigona kushandiswa kuvhara kuyerera kwenhau pamusoro pemapipi.

ASME B36.19M ndiyo yakatarwa yetsvina yetsvina, inotsanangura zviyero, kushivirira, uye zvinodiwa nezvikumbiro zvemubayiro miviri uye zvisina maaipi.

Invar 36® is the nickel-iron, yakaderera yekuwedzera maitiro ayo ine 36% Nickel, Invar

Flange inguva yekuputika, muromo kana rim, ingave yekunze kana yemukati, iyo inoshandira kuwedzera simba (sekupisa kweiyo danda resimbi senge i-danda kana t-danda); Zvekubatanidza zviri nyore \ / kuendesa kwekusangana kwesimba nechimwe chinhu (sekupenya pakupera kwepombi, steam cylinder, etc., kana pane lens gomo rekamera); Kana kuti zvokutsvedza uye kutungamira mafambiro emuchina kana zvikamu zvaro (sekusiyana-siyana kwemukati wemuchina wemuchina kana tram vhiri, inochengeta mavhiri kubva pamapundu kubva pamapundu). Izwi rekuti "Flange" rinoshandiswawo kune rudzi rwezvishandiso zvinoshandiswa kuumba malanges.
Carbon Steel Flanges
A350 LF2 Flange
Imba »
Carbon simbi
www.pademusic.com
Stainless Steel Bars & Rods
Stainless Simbi Mahwendefa & Masheets & Coils
Butt weld pipe fittings
Monel 400 pombi yemapuranga emapuranga emaziso
Kugadzira maitiro ekupisa kupisa \ / HOT basa, kutonhora kutenderera
Nickel Alloy Plates & Masheets & Coils

Iyo yakabatanidzwa yakabatanidzwa inoumbwa nezvireverwe zvitatu zvakasiyana uye yakazvimirira kunyangwe isina zvikamu zvemukati; malipi, masika, uye kusungwa; izvo zvakaunganidzwa nechimwe pesvedzero, iyo yakakodzera. Kukosha kwakakosha kunodiwa mukusarudzwa uye kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvese zviripo kuti uwane mubatanidzwa, iyo inogamuchirika kusunganidzwa.

Chrome-Molybdenum A234 WPB ROPLCER SEPROCHEMICAL SEPS, MaGESI NEMAHARA

ASTM A316 TP316 chiitiko chakajairika chechisema, seam yakakwira, uye inotonhora yakashanda yakashanda muAustenitic isina mapaipi ebundu uye general corrorive. Pombi 316 isina kugadzirwa yeindasitiri yakagadzirwa kubva musanganiswa weChromium, Nickel, uye Molbdenum, iyo inopa SS 316 seamless tube yakanakisa kuramba uye ngura.

Incoloy 800h Flange isu tine mukurumbira akasimba muindasitiri yekugadzira yakakwirira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Al6xn is SuperAdyaTic STOLLess STOL isina simba rekupokana ku chloride pomber, crevic corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion kupaza. Al6xn ndeye 6 moly Alloy iyo yakagadziriswa uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa kwazvo. Iyo ine yakakwira nickel (24%), molybdenamu (6.3%), nitrogen uye zvirimo zvirimo zvinopa kupokana kushamisira, Al6xn inonyanya kushandiswa kune yayo yakavandudzwa pombi uye crevice corrosion kuramba mu chlorides. Iyo inzvimbo inoyevedza uye inotyisa isina simba.
Carbon Steel Flanges
A350 LF2 Flange
Imba »
Carbon simbi
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Stainless Steel Bars & Rods
Stainless Simbi Mahwendefa & Masheets & Coils
Butt weld pipe fittings
Monel 400 pombi yemapuranga emapuranga emaziso
Kugadzira maitiro ekupisa kupisa \ / HOT basa, kutonhora kutenderera
Duplex simbi mahwendefa & mashitsi & coils

Iyo Corrosion inodzivirira nekukurumidza Alloys inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri emakemikari ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kudikanwa kwekuita kwakavimbika kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwavo uye kukura munzvimbo dzesimba, hutano uye nemafuta uye gasi uye firmace fashformation maindasitiri.

Mapepa ePepa reApple ane yepamusoro-yepamusoro-kubereka kugona uye simba pamusoro pemamwe mamakisi.

B7 y b7m se tretaran termenmente enfriamiento enfriamiento enfriamiento Eaptido y revenido en un m medio liquido. Para los sujetadores b7m, el tratamiento termico yekupedzisira, posilmente una opercion de templadon de to saiday, debe corte. Preparracion de la Superficie Que Permite Realizar Pruebite de Dureza, Kuongorora Hapana Constructiva o Kunzwa Utensica de Pernos.

ASTM B564 No2200 wn inobhururuka iyo Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akagadzikana, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.
Carbon Steel Flanges
A350 LF2 Flange
Imba »
Carbon simbi
www.pademusic.com
Stainless Steel Bars & Rods
Stainless Simbi Mahwendefa & Masheets & Coils
Butt weld pipe fittings
Monel 400 pombi yemapuranga emapuranga emaziso
Kugadzira maitiro ekupisa kupisa \ / HOT basa, kutonhora kutenderera
Alloy Simbi Mahwendefa & Masheets & Coils

Type 304 iri zvishoma kusimba kushoma pane makumi matatu nemakumi matatu nekuda kweiyo yakaderera carbon zvemukati. Type 304 inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandisa mafoni nekuti iyo yakadzika kabhoni inobvumira kumwe kuratidzwa muchikamu chebhokisi ye800¡¡f

Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muBegshore mafuta uye gasi kuongorora \ / / kugadzirwa uye mune yekushambadzira kuchinjanisa muPetrochemical \ /Memical kugadziriswa.

Senge alloy, inconey 625 inosanganisira kunyanya yeNickerl, Chromium uye Molybdenum. Kuwedzera kune aya matatu makuru metals, trace huwandu hweNiobium dzinowedzerwa kune iyo alloy. Kupa chero simbi hakuzowedzera kungowedzera zvivakwa zvayo zvekunyama, asi zvakare michina yayo yemichina. Panguva ino, kuwedzera kweMolybdenum uye Niobium to ASTM B446 YEMAHARA 625 Yakatemerwa Bar inobatsira kusimbisa iyo Alloy Matrix. Iyo Rigid Matrix yeAlloy 625 Bar inopa yakakwirira yeTensile Simba pasina kushandisa kusimbisa kupisa kwekupisa.

Nickel 200 inodonha iyo Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akaiswa pasi, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.

Asme B16.5 Flanges Stainless Steel Stainless Flange Yakatemwa Flange Yakatora Flange

Iyo 316 isina mbiya yesimbi yave iri chinhu chakakosha chekereke yeindasitiri. Uku kuwanda kwesimbi uye chrome kunozivikanwa nekukanganisika kwakakura kuonga, pamwe nekuimba kwaro. "

Nickel-Conver-based Alloy 400 Mazoni 2.4360 Cold Dy Dhizaina Immuney Immuney Hurlis-Corros Interness yekunetseka painenge ichisimbisa midhiya mune yakajairana nenhamba. Monil 400 is a copper uye nickel yakavakirwa alloy iyo inozivikanwa nhasi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanyanya. Iyo Alloy ine yakanaka acid uye alkali kuramba. Mukuwedzera, ine simba rakanaka rakafanana, ductility, dhiziri rakanaka, uye rinogona kuomeswa nebasa rinotonhora. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushandiswa mune zvekushandisa nekupisa kubva kuIns kusvika ku533 degrees Celsius.

Inconel mazana matanhatu emasaini emasumbo extucum yetube of standard unt n06600 uye ASTM

Paunenge uchinge uine iyo chaiyo isina tsvina yesimbi tubing yakaiswa mukushandisa kwako, unogona kutanga kufunga nezve zvekuita nazvo pakupera kwehupenyu hwayo hunobatsira. Kunyangwe izvo zvinhu zvekupokana zvinopinda mujasi risina simba zvinoita kuti zviome kudzokorora, zororo iro rinenge makumi mashanu muzana ezvese mutsva wetsiva.

Iko kushandiswa kweCarbon Steel Astm a105 mapofu maFlanges anoita kuti zvive nyore. Mapofu emapofu anoshandiswa kuvhara vharuvhu kana kuti vaigona kushandiswa kuvhara kuyerera kwenhau pamusoro pemapipi.

Naizvozvo, iyo ASTM A312 TP PIPE PIPE sarudzo yakakurumbira pamatanho emaindasitiri, zvidyarwa zvemakemikari, zvirimwa zvemhepo, zvidyarwa zvemhepo pamwe chete ne petroleum ratinimies.