Simbi isimbi a403 WP304

Iyo 316 isina mbiya yesimbi yave iri chinhu chakakosha chekereke yeindasitiri. Uku kuwanda kwesimbi uye chrome kunozivikanwa nekukanganisika kwakakura kuonga, pamwe nekuimba kwaro. "

316L 1.4401 S31603 Stainless Steel pombi inzvimbo inoverengeka uye yekubhadhara pombi inowanzo shandiswa mune dzakasiyana siyana dzekushandisa maindasitiri uye dzekutengesa. Iyi SS uns s31603 pombi inogadzirwa kubva kune yakakwirira mhando 316l simbi simbi ine simba rakanakisa kuCorrosion, oxidation uye yakaita kuti ive yakakodzera nharaunda dzakaoma kana dzakanyanya kushushikana.

ASTM A403 ndiyo mwero wePIPE Fittings zvinhu, zvinoratidza zvinhu zvekushandisa zvemhando dzakasiyana dzemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi, WP304 ndeimwe yesimbi giredhi mune iyi chiyero. 304 Rudzi rwacho rwakajairika simbi, rwunoshandiswa kwazvo kuita kuti mugadziri wemidziyo uye zvikamu izvo zvinoda kuita zvakanaka zvakazara, kupokana nekuumbwa.

Kurumidza C-276 ndeye A NIM mo cr superloy yakawedzerwa neTungsten, iyo ine yakanakisa kurwisa kwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana dzenzvimbo dzakaipisisa. Zvinyorwa zvakakwirira zveNi uye mo zvinoita kuti nileel alloy ichinyanya kupokana nekugadzirisa uye crevicer corrosion mukuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu, nepo cr anochinja mashandiro eanti-oxidation svikiro.

Alloy 800 Weld mitsipa inovhenekera isu tine mukurumbira wakasimba mune indasitiri yekugadzira yakakwira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Inconel 625 Coil inoonekwa nekukanganisika kwaro kurwisa oxidation, yakakwira-tembiricha corroson uye kupera simba. ASTM B443 Uns n0662 incangen Plate inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muAerospace, maindasitiri emakemikari uye maaini uye kuoma uye kuomarara uye kusimba kunyange munzvimbo dzakanyanyisa.

Kurumidza c2000 machubhu anoshandiswa mune yakawedzera huwandu hweshanduru yekusanganisira petrochemical kugadziriswa, makemikari ekugadzirisa michina kugadzira, mafuta enyeredzi uye zvidyarwa zvemafuta.

Kurumidza kuC2000 kunowanikwa mune dzakasiyana-siyana saizi uye gobvu, rudzi urwu rwechromini-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum-molybdenum

Al6xn is SuperAdyaTic STOLLess STOL isina simba rekupokana ku chloride pomber, crevic corrosion uye kusagadzikana corrosion kupaza. Al6xn ndeye 6 moly Alloy iyo yakagadziriswa uye inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzinotyisa kwazvo. Iyo ine yakakwira nickel (24%), molybdenamu (6.3%), nitrogen uye zvirimo zvirimo zvinopa kupokana kushamisira, Al6xn inonyanya kushandiswa kune yayo yakavandudzwa pombi uye crevice corrosion kuramba mu chlorides. Iyo inzvimbo inoyevedza uye inotyisa isina simba.

Uns S.2205 Duplex Steel Asme Steel Steel yakakodzera kumvura yegungwa uye zvigadziko zvemarudzi nekuti nzvimbo dzadzo dzakatsiga dzinogona kutsungirira temberi kusvika mazana matanhatu.

Mapuro 254 mapepa anogona kutsungirira kushushikana kwakakwirira uye alloy 254 sm

Nickel yakavakirwa 800 incoloy hexagonal pombi inozivikanwa kuti uve nekudzikisira kwakanaka kuora. Kunyanya kutaura, iyo incocoy 800 pombi inopa kudzikisira kwakaringana kurwisa carburization pamwe ne oxidation corrosion.

Izvo zvinokwanisa kutsungirira huwandu hwakawanda hwekuita oxidizing uye zvisiri-oxidizing makemikari, uye zvinoratidzira kuramba kwakanyanya kudzikisira uye kurwiswa kwechikepe pamberi pehuku uye kumwe kudziya.

Izvi zvinopa zvakanyatsosimbiswa kuramba kuSulfutic acid. Iyo ine zvakare yakakwira zvemukati, kuti uwedzere kupokana ne oxidizing makemikari uye maitiro ehova dzakasvibiswa neFerric ion uye yakanyungudika oksijeni.

Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya muBegshore mafuta uye gasi kuongorora \ / / kugadzirwa uye mune yekushambadzira kuchinjanisa muPetrochemical \ /Memical kugadziriswa.

Titanium yeTitanium inenge 60% iyo yeStusless Simbi uye Nickel Alloys, uremu uhu hunoita kuti ive sarudzo yakakurumbira mukushandisa kwakadai sekusarongeka.

Inconel mazana matanhatu emasaini emasumbo extucum yetube of standard unt n06600 uye ASTM

Sch40 Monil 400 Pipe yakasarudzwa seWerkstoff Nhamba 2.4360 uye uns n04400. Alloy 400 pombi inozivikanwa seMameni Alloy 400 Pipe, Mhel 400 pombi & Nickel Alloy 400 pombi.

Mapepa ePepa reApple ane yepamusoro-yepamusoro-kubereka kugona uye simba pamusoro pemamwe mamakisi.

Stainless Steel 304 Pipe Fittings ane ese Chromium 18% - 20% uye nickel 8% - 10.5%. Iyo inzvimbo yeAustenitic isina simba uye ishoma magetsi uye inofamba nenzira yekufamba kupfuura carbon simbi. Icho chinhu chinobatsira mukuchinja nzira yekuyerera senge mateya uye pombi inokotama.

Kurumidza Alloys Directory
Yakakwira Chromium, Molybdenum uye nitrogen yezvinyorwa zvinopa mukudzikisira kwakaenzana nhamba (40, kupa zvakakwirira kudzikisira kugona kuAustenitic uye duplex stainly media, uye tembiriro rakadzora kupfuura 50¡¡¡.

Alloy 800 is a Nickel-simbi-Chromium Alloy ine simba rakanyanya uye rakanyanya kupokana ne oxidation uye corrosion pakupisa kwakanyanya. ASTM b407 uns n08800 incoloy 800 W. nr. 1.4876 Yakatemwa Pombi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya zvekuvakwa kwemidziyo inoda kuramba kupokana, kupisa kupesana, simba, uye kugadzikana kwebasa kusvika 1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Inconel 718 is a nickel-chromium-yakavakirwa-yakavakirwa mari inowanzo shandiswa mukunyorwa-tembiricha zvakakura senge erispace uye gasi turbines. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha mukugadzirwa kweASTM B670 Inconel 718 Sheet ndiyo ndiro iri rolling maitiro. Kune marudzi maviri makuru emapurasiti 718 mahwendefa anowanikwa pamusika: kupisa kwakapetwa uye kutonhora zvakapetwa mahwendefa.

Iyo Corrosion inodzivirira nekukurumidza Alloys inoshandiswa zvakanyanya nemaindasitiri emakemikari ekugadzirisa kwemakemikari. Kudikanwa kwekuita kwakavimbika kunotungamira mukugamuchirwa kwavo uye kukura munzvimbo dzesimba, hutano uye nemafuta uye gasi uye firmace fashformation maindasitiri.

304 SS Teld Fittings & Stainless Simbi 304 Pipe Fittings inofanira kunge iine zvinopfuura 18% chromium uye kupfuura 8% nickel. ASTM A403 WP304 Fittings ndeye buttweld Fittings Yakagadzirirwa yeAustenitic Stainless Simbi Inonyorera Nesimbi ine zvinhu zvakarongeka.
Type ndiro, pepa, Strip Coil
Urefu 0 ~ 12m kana sekuda kwako zvinodiwa
Upamhi 0 ~ 2500mm kana sekuda kwako
Kuzeza 0,3 ~ 1200mm kana sekuda kwako zvinodiwa

Inconel 600 is a nickel-chromium-iron alloy ine zvakanakisa kupesana, oxidation kuramba uye simba rakakwirira pakupisa kwakakwirira. Nekuda kweiyo yakakwira kwazvo nickel zvemukati, inconel 600 inonyanya kupokana ne chloride ion inoshungurudza corrosion kupaza. Zera rakaomarara harina kudikanwa seisingabvumirwe 600 rakaomeswa uye rakasimbiswa nebasa rinotonhora chete. Iyo inconel 600 inogona kushanda mukupisa kunge yakaderera se700¡¡¡ (370¡¡¡).
Standard s, aisi, din
DIAMETER 5 ~ 500mm
Kureba ¨q12m kana sezvinoita zvevatengi zvinodiwa

Nickel 200 inodonha iyo Nickel 200 malipi anokwenenzverwa, akaiswa pasi, uye iva nekupera kwakanaka. Zvakare, iyo ASTM B564 UNONS N02200 Flanges inopesana neCollan yekuita Corrosion mukurerekera uye exidiing nharaunda, kuita kuti vave vakakwana pakubata kwemidziyo yekubata.
Standard s, aisi, din
DIAMETER 5 ~ 500mm
Kureba ¨q12m kana sezvinoita zvevatengi zvinodiwa

Mabhizinesi mazhinji anofarira chokwadi icho chisingaonekwi mazana matanhatu esimba rakanyanya. Naizvozvo iyo alloy inoshandiswa mune akati wandei maindasitiri anoverengeka mumhando dzakasiyana siyana kusanganisira iyo yakakurumbira incavel 600 pombi. Kuvakwa kweiyi mapaipi kunogona kuve kwakashongedzwa kana kuti vaigona kusungwa. Pane zvakanakira kushandisa zvese zviri zviviri. For i.e. Kuzvisarudzira kwemapipi ane mazana matanhatu emuchadenga, ari mune zvekushandisa panoita kuti hupfumi hunobatsira kwazvo. Kunyangwe yakachipa kupfuura isina kuvakwa imwe, mapaipi aya ane seam Longitinal seam, iyo yaigona kuve ichikanganiswa nekudyidzana corrosion - kana ivo vasina kugadziriswa. Mune mamiriro ezvinhu, uko mutengi anoda fomu yepamusoro yekuparadzira kwecorosion uye kugona kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwepamusoro, incroone 600 yemusungwa musungwa pombi ndiyo yakanyanya kunaka sarudzo.
Nyora seamless pombi
Seamless Tube
Yakatemwa Pombi
Welded Tube
Saw lSAw erw efw
Yakatemerwa Magumo, Kupera Kwemugumo "
Saizi OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 ""
Bickness: Sch5 ~ Schxxs
"Kureba: sezvaunoda."
Kugadzira maitiro ekupisa kupisa \ / HOT basa, kutonhora kutenderera
Kugadzira Standard ASME B36.10 ASME B36.20

Kutenderera mabara anotonhora kukweverwa uye kuwedzerwa, inowanikwa mumatanda marefu kana kucheka kusvika pakukura. Alloy matenderedza anopa simba uye kurwisa kwakasiyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana uye kunogona kushandiswa mufurati, muchina chikamu chekugadzira, yebasa rekudya uye zvinyorwa zvekurapa.

Unt n08367 zvinowanzoitika seyakajairika al6xn is a lowl kabhoni, yekunyora "

Carbon Steel Flange rudzi rwe rim yakaumbwa pakupera kwepombi kana ichinge yakatarwa pombi. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kusimbisa magumo emapepa, maropa kana zvimwe zvinobatana. Iyo ine yakakwirira isina kusimba simba uye inowanikwa ne convex nzvimbo uye inotsigira kune nyore kuisirwa. Iyo inzvimbo yebaron-carbon alloy ine kusvika ku2,1 wt.% Kabhoni. Carbon Simbi haina madiki madiki madiki ezvimwe zvinhu zvekunyepedzera, asi zvinowanzove neManganese.

Chimwe chinhu chakakosha cheN08800 incoloy Alloy 800 inotonhora yakamanikidzwa kupokana kuClongine ION kusawirirana neCorrosion inoenderana neCorros

Incoloy 800h Flange isu tine mukurumbira akasimba muindasitiri yekugadzira yakakwirira-mhando mafirita emhando dzakasiyana dzaigona kukodzera zvinodiwa nevatengi vedu. Isu tinogadzira incoloy 800 flanges iyo yakavimbika uye yakakwira mumhando. Isu tinoshandisa mari dzekutanga uye temberi yemachina ekugadzira ASTM B564 uns n08800 incoloy 800 flanges.

Kunyangwe molybdenum chinhu chakanaka, kushandiswa kwakanyanya kweinogona kuderedza iyo creep ductility ye gr f11 plate flanges. Graphifization uye kuora kwetambo yesimbi kunogona kuitika kana tembiricha inodarika mazana mashanu degrees celsius. Chromium yakawedzerwa sa182 F11 F11 Alloy Steel cl.2 Yakagadzirirwa Pipe Pipe Flanges kudzivirira kuderedza kuderedza kuderedza uye graphifization. Uye zvakare, iyo Chromomium yakawedzera inopawo oxidation kuramba.

Duplex Steel Flanges inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune yakashandiswa engineering, michina uye maindasitiri emotokari. Duplex Steel S31803 LAPL FLAGES yakanakira kuti application inoda kuti iri nani kupokana kupfuura mhando 316 uye yakanaka tembiricha yakakwira tembiricha. Tine Duplex Steel S31803 \ / s32205 flanges muhomwe. Duplex Simbi Flanges inowanzoshandiswa mune yemakemikari, petrochemical, uye maindasitiri emagetsi.

Nickel 200 mhinduro yakasimba yakasimbisa simbi. Nickel 200 Bar Stock ine 99.6% yakaratidza nickel nehuremu uye inoonekwa seyakachenesa yakachena nickel. Din 2.4066 bar ine yakanaka michina uye yemuviri zvivakwa. Semuenzaniso, ASTM B160 N022200 ine yakanakisa kuramba kune akawanda anokanganisa makomisheni pamwe nenharaunda dzakashata. Zvichakadaro, nickel 200 mhinduro yakasimba inosimbiswa yakagadzirwa nehasha iyo inogona kugadzirwa semabhawa akatenderedza uye matanda. Izvi zviviri zvikamu zvinoshandiswa zvinoshandurwa uye zvinogona kusiyaniswa kubva kune mamwe mabasa akakosha.

Nickel-Conver-based Alloy 400 Mazoni 2.4360 Cold Dy Dhizaina Immuney Immuney Hurlis-Corros Interness yekunetseka painenge ichisimbisa midhiya mune yakajairana nenhamba. Monil 400 is a copper uye nickel yakavakirwa alloy iyo inozivikanwa nhasi nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanyanya. Iyo Alloy ine yakanaka acid uye alkali kuramba. Mukuwedzera, ine simba rakanaka rakafanana, ductility, dhiziri rakanaka, uye rinogona kuomeswa nebasa rinotonhora. Pamusoro pezvo, inogona kushandiswa mune zvekushandisa nekupisa kubva kuIns kusvika ku533 degrees Celsius.

Nickel Alloy 400 uye Monil 400, inozivikanwawo seMunyuti N04400, iri DUCTICE ANICEL-BEPHER AllEY INYKEL NYKEL uye yechitatu-yechitatu yengozi. Nickel Alloy 400 inozivikanwa nekudzivirira kwayo kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvinhu akaora, kusanganisira Alkalis (kana acids), mvura yemunyu, hydrofluor acid, uye sulfuric acid. Sezvo Monil 400 kana Alloy 400 isimbi inotonhora yakashanda, uyu mutero ane kuomarara kwakanyanya, kuomarara nesimba. Nekutonhora

Inconel 6 00 ROPT Bar ndeye Nickel-yakavakirwa Alloy ine benign carburization uye yakanakisa corroson kuramba pane yakanyanya kupisa tembiricha. Inconel 600 matende ezvipfuyo zvinoshanda kupesana nekuomesa cl2 uye mamwe mamwe matsime akasiyana pakupisa uye kwakanyanya kupisa. Alloy 600 bar is a nickel-chromium acloy ine zvakanaka oxidation kupokana uye kuramba kuChroride yekudzvinyirira yekushambadzira, yakanyanya kuchena kwemvura corroson uye acid oxidation pakudziya kwakasimudzwa.

Nilo \ / Alloy K W.nr .: 1.3981
Unt: k94610 astm f15
Yakagadziriswa-Kuwedzera Girazi-Yakacheneswa Iron-Nickel-Cobalt Alloys, gadzira mutsara wekuwedzera anowedzera kufanana neiyo yegirazi rakaoma mukati meimwe tembiricha yekupisa
Kwekusimbisa kusimbisa girazi rine hard girazi

ASTM A403 WP304 PIPE Fittings Zvinoreva kuti PIPE Fittings Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoitwa neyekuita giredhi a403
304 Stainless Steel pombi Fittings 3D 5D PIPE BEG

Zvakajairika Kutengeserana Mazita: Nickel Alloy 36, Invar 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifer 6®
Invar 36® is the nickel-iron, yakaderera yekuwedzera maitiro ayo ine 36% Nickel, Invar
Invha 36 Tube OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm

Flange ndiyo zvikamu zvekuti pombi mbiri inopera, flange yekubatanidza inotsanangurwa neiyo flange, gasket uye bhayeti matatu yakabatana seboka rakabatanidzwa kuumbwa kwekubatanidza. Iyo gasket inowedzerwa pakati pezviviri zvekupenya uye ikazosungirirwa nemabhomba. Kumanikidza kwakasiyana kudzvanywa, ukobvu kwakasiyana, uye blumps dzinosiyana nezvipfuyo zvakanyorwa, zvakadai sekureva kwenyika Pombi, haina kugadzirwa kuti ifonze pombi yemvura seyakayerera mhando nhengo, asi hama diki, inogona kunzi seyakawedzera mhando zvikamu.

Stainless Steel buttweld Fittings anoshandiswa mukumanikidza pombi pombi yemitambo yakananga uye yakakwirira-tembiricha maneja.

Stainless simbi pombi inokotama inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mune yakakwirira-tembiricha application.

A403 WP304 pombi inokotama inogona kuverengerwa zviri nyore asi zviri nyore, zvinyorwa zvinogona kutarisana necorosi yemuno nekuda kwekunyepedzera njodzi.

Stainless Steel Pipi Fittings anoshandiswa mumvura pombi yemvura, gasi rechisikigo, fani, uye nyukireya Simba Silit indasitiri.

ASTM A403 WP304 Fittings inowanikwa muhukuru hwakasiyana uye maumbirwo uye uve neyekumanikidza chiyero che3000 #, 6000 #, uye 9000 #.

Stainless Steel pombi inokomberedza kupesana neyekushambadzira kuonga uye kudzivirira iyo yemukati mvura kubva kusvibiswa.

Stainless Steel pombi inokotama inoshandiswa mune yezvidimbu uye yekudhinda indasitiri nekuda kweshanduro yayo uye neldacality.

Stainless Steel Weld Fittings ane inonyungudika nzvimbo ye1400 degrees c uye tembiricha yekushandisa ye870 degrees C.

Simbi pombi pombi inokotama inogona kushanda pasi pekudzvinyirirwa nekuda kwesimbi yakanaka uye yakanyanya kutakura mutoro.

Simbi isingagumi 304 buttweld fittings inogadzirwa neyekutanga eAustenitic stainless simbi simbi iyo ine 18% chromium uye 8% nickel mukuumbwa kwayo.

ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate is a duplex stainless simbi simbi iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emakemikari akadai sekuongorora kwemakemikari, kuongorora kwegasi, uye muinjiniya ekumaini. SA 240 GR 2205 pepa rinogadzirwa kubva kuGrade 2205 Simbi isina simbi, iyo iri musanganiswa wesimbi uye autenitic simbi.

The material composition of Stainless Steel 304 Buttweld Fittings includes carbon, manganese, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur and nitrogen in addition to the chromium and nickel basement.

Zvemaindasitiri zvinangwa zveindasitiri, mumapipi masisitimu, isu tinowanzoda kuchinja kutapurirana; dzora kuyerera kwemvura (mafuta negesi, mvura, matope); Vhura kana kuvhurika mapepa emapipi, nezvimwe.

Simbi isina tsvina 304 yePipe Fittings yakasimbawo. Ivo vane 205mpa shoma gohwo simba uye 515mpa zvishoma Simba Simba.

A ASTM A403 WP304 Fittings ndiyo mhando yeiyo Austenitic giredhi yakakodzera. SS PIPE Fittings inogona kuve seamless kana kukanganisa.

Izvo zvakakodzera zvakare zvakaoma ne brinell kuomarara kwe20hb yakakwira. Izvi zvinogona zvakare kushanda pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya kusvika pamadhigiri mazana masere emadhora celsius.

Simbi isingaiti 304 Pipe Fittings inogadzirwa kubva kune seamless Simbi Pipes nepo erw mapaipi anogadzirwa kubva ku erw simbi masimbi pombi.

Chimwe chezvekunetseka kukuru pamusoro peSS 304 yakakodzera mutengo wayo wakaenzana uchienzaniswa neyekupedzisira kuwanda kwezvinhu zvinoparadzanisa.

ALDED ASTM A403 STALINLE STEEL Weld Fittings inoumbwa nezvikamu zvesimbi mahwendefa. Stainless pombi yakakodzera inogadzirwa ne10% nickel uye yakakwira chromium yezvinyorwa.

Iyo STOL STEEL FITTings Vagadziri vanogadzira izvi zvakaringana nekuwedzera kweManganese, phosphorus, kabhoni, silishon, uye sarufa kunze kwezvinhu zviviri zvikuru.

ASTM A403 WP304 PIPE BEG inoitwa pasi pemamiriro ekudzora kuti udzivise carblization, decarburization uye inoenderana. Nzira dzekurapa dzekupfeka dzakasarudzika dzakasarudzika, dzichimuomesa uye inosimbisa iyo isimbiso iyo yekufarira uye corrosion inodzivisa zvivakwa.

Nilo Alloy 36, WMR 1.3912, Invar 36® is a nickel-iron

Simbi isina simba ndeyekuita kwakasiyana-siyana kuve pakati pesimbi inonyanya kushandiswa kuSimbi.Kusina Simbi A403 WP304 ine yakakwira chromium uye yakaderera carbon zvemukati.

SS 304 yakakodzera mhando yeiyo yakajairika simbi simbi, inowanzoshandiswa kuti igadzirise michina uye zvikamu izvo zvinoda kutaurwa kwakakura kurwisa, kuurayiwa uye kuumbwa.

Iyo simbi isina tsvina 304 pombi inokotama ndeye yeASTM a403 kutaurwa. Ivo vanogona kubva mumamwe madhina ekupedzisira kubva ku1 \ / 8 inches kusvika pamasendimita makumi mana nemasere. Zviyero zvezviyero izvi zvakasarudzika B16.9 uye B16.28.

Iyo simbi isina masimbi 304 yakakodzera imwe yemhando dzinowanzoshandiswa dzakashandiswa pombi dzepombi pasi rese.

Iyo isina tsvina simbi 304 tee kana seamless Fitet yaizogona kushandiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa.

Nezve kusvika ku3000 ton kugona kwekutonhora kwekutonhora

Iyo inoratidza kupokana kwakanaka kune vasina kwavakarerekera uye kuderedza nharaunda. Aya maitiro aya anogadzira iyo ine mhuru, yefirimu rinodzivirira risingabvumirwe, asi rinochengetedza oxidation kupokana nekunyanyisa kupisa.

SS Uns s