https: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / steelpip

ASTM A312 TP316 waa qeexitaan caadi ah oo lagu muujiyo, tolmo-tommod-ka Wellded, oo aad u qabow aad u yar tahay oo ay ku shaqeeyaan tuubooyinka birta ee loo yaqaan 'austenitic' oo loo adeegsaday heerkulka-sare iyo codsiyada adeegga guud ee loo isticmaalo. 316 Tooska Birta Labaad ee Birta Labaad ayaa laga sameeyay isku darka koromomiyada, nikkel, iyo molybdenum, kaas oo siiya SS 316 tuubbooyin aan kala go 'lahayn oo heer sare ah iyo miridhku.

316 waxaa ku jira guryo badan oo kiimiko la mid ah iyo astaamo farsamo oo ah 304 bir aan la taaban karin. Indhaha qaawan, labada birta ayaa isku mid ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, isku-darka kiimikada ee 316, oo ka kooban 16% chromium, 10% nikkel iyo 2% molybdenum, waa farqiga ugu weyn ee u dhexeeya 304 iyo 316 bir bir ah.

Tuubbada birta ee birta ah waa nooc ka mid ah bir bir dheer oo wareegsan, kaas oo si weyn loogu isticmaalo dhuumaha warshadaha iyo

304 tuubooyinka waa qaali sababta ay ugu wacan tahay hanaankooda wax soo saarka gaarka ah. ASTM A312 TP304 Tuubbada xariifka ah si sax ah looma maamuli karo ballac iyo dhexroor.

Tuubbada tuban ee birta ah waa takhasuskeena tuubbada tuubbada ah ee aan lahayn. Waxaan ilaalinaa mid ka mid ah agabyada ugu weyn ee qaranka ugu badan uguna kala duwan ee tuubbooyinka birta ee birta ah, oo ay kujirto model, labajibbaarane iyo moodello afar gees leh. Tagayntayada ornamental waxaa lagu heli karaa cabbirro kala duwan waana la jaray oo lagu safan karaa faahfaahintaada.

qaybaha qaabdhismeedka farsamada sida batroolka, warshadaha kiimikada, daaweynta, warshadaha iftiinka, waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in la soo saaro, marka loo adeegsado heerka injineerka, iwm. si ballaaran loo isticmaalo. Awoodda ugu adag ee sheyga waxaa badanaa lagu muujiyaa dhexroor dhex-dhexaad ah, kaas oo ah mid dareen leh oo dareen leh oo ku habboon. Si kastaba ha noqotee, ma quseyso in la iibiyo tuubooyinka bir adag ama dhuuban.

316l 1.4401 S31603 SC31603 Fursad bir ah oo bir ah ayaa ah xulasho aad u badan oo waara oo si joogto ah loogu isticmaalo codsiyo fara badan oo warshadeed iyo ganacsi. SS SS31603 BILAASH SANAD S31L waxaa laga sameeyay tayo sare leh 316l bir bir ah oo leh iska caabin aad u wanaagsan oo loo yaqaan 'suulyo', oksing iyo wasakh, taasoo ka dhigeysa inay ku habboon tahay deegaannada adag ama codsiyada walaaca badan.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Sawirka 316l oo ah Pipe wax soo saarka tuubbada birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Birta la jeexjeexan waa alero bir ah oo u adkaysata in uu miridhku u leeyahay. Waxay ka kooban tahay ugu yaraan 11% chromium waxaana laga yaabaa inay ku jiraan waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin kaarboon, kuwa aan ahayn kuwa aan ahayn kuwa aan ahayn si ay u helaan guryo kale oo la doonayo. Iida caabbinta birta ee birta ah ee ka yimaada natiijooyinka isku-dhafka ah ee chromium-ka, oo sameeya filim aan caadi ahayn oo ilaalin kara maaddada iyo is-bogsiinta joogitaanka oksijiinta.

Codsiga caadiga ah ee birta balaaran 304 tuubooyinku waxay noqon doontaa isticmaalkeeda kuleylka. Kuleylka kuleylka waa nidaam sababa kala-qaadista kuleylka inta u dhaxaysa laba ama in ka badan oo cabitaanno ah, maadaama SS 304 tuubbooyinka welded ay tahay xulasho dhaqaale, inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa is-beddelka kuleylka.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Tuubada 304l selentan la'aan 1 \ / 2 "Sch40 L: 9000mm

N08367 waxaa sidoo kale lagu tilmaamaa Alloy Al6xn oo ah kaarboon hoose, daahir sare, nitrolunitic "Nickel-myybdenum Alcoy wuxuu kacsan yahay u-adkeysta iyo daadashada chlorice.
304 tuubbada, SS 304 tuubbada, tuubada birta ee birta ah, birta la jeexjeexan ee birta ah, birta birta ah ee birta ah

316-ka tuubbada birta ee birta ee birta ah waxay noqdeen wax lama huraan ah oo loogu talagalay qaybta warshadaha. Alloy-kaan ee birta iyo chrome waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay iska caabinteeda sare ee saxaafadda, iyo sidoo kale muddadiisa. 316 Tuubbada tuubbada birta ee birta ah waxaa lagu soo saari karaa labada tuubbooyin oo aan dhib lahayn oo waafaqsan si ay ula kulmaan baahiyaha macaamiisha gaarka ah.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
BSP Pipe General 316 bir bir aan la taaban karin

Kordhinta Neckel Neckel iyo ka mid noqoshada molybdenum waxay ka dhigeysaa Fasalka 316 Steel aan caadi ahayn oo ka qaalisan fasalka 304 ee ounce ee sheyga. Laakiin meesha laga hadlayo fasalka 316 oo aan caadi ahayn ayaa ah mid ka sareeya waa mid ay ku kordhinayso iska caabbinta Dabaqaynta shakhsiyadeed ee ka dhanka ah chlorides iyo xalka chlororind. Tani waxay ka dhigeysaa fasalka 316 oo aan macquul ahayn inay mudan tahay codsiyada ay ku soo gaadho cusbo ama waxyaabaha kale ee xoogga leh ay tahay arin.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.29

HT Pipe-ka 304 \ / 304ll 304ll oo bir ah oo bir ah oo la kulmay heerarka warshadaha iyo faahfaahinta. ASTM-ga AS312 iyo ASME SA312 Alaabada tuubbada birta ee birta ah waa tayo sare, waarta oo ku habboon codsiyada fara badan.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Alloy bir bir ah & go'yaal & xirmooyin

Heerkulka Daaweynta xalka ee 304 \ / 304l 304ll oo bir ah oo bir ah oo bir ah ayaa ah 1080-1100¡¡ææ, qaboojinta biyaha ama qaboojinta hawada. Dhexgalka heerkulka ee loo yaqaan 'Heertent' ee loo yaqaan 'Heertent' ee loo yaqaan 'Heertent' ee shaqada qabow waa 850-970 ¡ã c, iyo qaboojinta biyaha waqti cayiman kadib. Qaab-dhismeedka birta ayaa ah austite ka dib daaweynta, mararka qaarkoodna waxaa jira qaddar yar oo Ferrite ah.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.23

254smo wuxuu si aad ah uga xoog badan yahay buundooyinka caanka ah ee Auustimic, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa lagu gartaa qarallad sare iyo xoog saamaynta.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Sawirka 316l oo ah Pipe wax soo saarka tuubbada birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Tuubooyinkan SSS 904L iyo tuubooyinkan 904L 904l waxaa loo sameeyay si adag iyadoo la adeegsanayo 100 & tayo saafi ah oo ah alaabta ceeriin iyo sidoo kale iyadoo la adeegsanayo tikniyoolajiyaddii ugu dambeysay.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Sawirka 316l oo ah Pipe wax soo saarka tuubbada birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Codsiyada 304 \ / 304l: Qalabka cuntada, qalabka kiimikada guud, qeybaha tamarta atomiga ah, iwm, kuwaas oo si ballaaran loo isticmaalo. Ku habboon sawir gacmeed qoto dheer iyo tuubooyin faleebo, weelal, iwm. Birta waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa gawaarida, sanaadiiqda aaladda gawaarida, iyo qalabka guryaha. Waa birta leh wax soo saarka ugu weyn iyo isticmaalka birta aan caadiga ahayn ee birta aan caadiga ahayn, kaas oo loo isticmaalo soo saarista qaybo dhuuban, tuubooyin aashitada iyo qaybo dhisme ah. Waxaa sidoo kale caadi ahaan loo isticmaalaa in al al al al gomices bir aan sal lahayn iyo agab saqaf oo bir ah, qaybo aan magnetic lahayn iyo qaybo loo isticmaalo jawi heerkulka hooseeya.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarista Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.26

304 \ / 304l 304ll Birta aan la taaban karin, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 18 \ / 8 bir bir ah, oo badanaa loo yaqaan 302, waa birta aan caadi ahayn ee ugu caansan. 304 Birta aan birta lahayn waxaa ku jira koromium-ka sare iyo kaarboonka hoose ee ka badan noocyada kale ee noocyada kale ee nooca 302.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Sawirka 316l oo ah Pipe wax soo saarka tuubbada birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

tuubbada birta ee aan caadiga ahayn
Duflex Stal Pipe & tuubada
Dhererka: sida aad u baahan tahay baahidaada. "
dahabka birta birta ah ee birta ah 316 tuubbada
Tuubada 304l selentan la'aan 1 \ / 2 "Sch40 L: 9000mm
316 310s pipe bir ah oo bir ah
304 309S 310s 316l 316 316 Toosh bir ah
ASTM A312 TP316 TP316 TP316 TWIPLINAL BILAHA BILAASHKA FARSAMADA FARSAMADA S31600 SMLS STEL PIPE
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Steel la'aan bir ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Destas De Repos apoeniIDes-ka Los Acessaras, oo ah nimoor gidos o Usa Com Amiir Amiir Amiir Amiir Amiir Agriedomiet Por Sheaco The Clororos De Coloruro.

Al6xn waa bir aad u fiican oo bir ah oo leh caabbinta aadka u adag ee ka-goynta koloriinta, chopice-ka iyo dilitaanka walbahaarka culeyska. Al6xn waa 6 moly aleono molay oo loo sameeyay oo loo isticmaalo deegaan aad u dagaal badan. Waxay leedahay nikkel sare (24%), molybdenum (6.3%), nitromen iyo waxa ku jira chromium ah oo siiya iska caabin aad u wanaagsan chloriol contection, geedka kolosiinta ee chloride-ka, iyo iska caabbinta galmada gaarka ah. Al6xn waxaa ugu horreyn loo isticmaalaa in loo hagaajiyo ka-hakinta galka iyo crevice-ka ee crevice-ka ee chlorides-ka. Waa bir aan la beddeli karin oo isbadal leh.

Tagaadhka birta ah ayaa lagu kala saari karaa iyadoo lagu saleynayo codsigiisa. Codsiyada caadiga ah ee tuubooyinka birta ah ayaa ku yaal aagga dhuumaha biyaha, khadadka biyaha ee warshadaha, khadadka tuubbada saliida, warshadaha tuubada, warshadaha kiimikada, warshadaha gawaarida, warshadaha dhismaha iyo ujeedooyinka kale ee dhismaha iyo ujeedooyinka kale.
In kasta oo kuleylka kuleylka ay u baahan yihiin iska caabbinta dhexdhexaad ah iyo xoogga jilicsan ee guryaha aasaasiga ah, ss-ka aadka uruurinta ah ee ss 304 efw tuubbada ay ku kalifto waxay u horseedi karaan ilko muraayad ku yaal jeebka ka soo dhiska jeebka. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, bir bir ah 304 ergey tuubada ayaa qabata howlo si wax ku ool ah.

304 iyo 316 stels ayaa loo cayimay codsiyada ay iska caabbinidda la huraanka ah iyo taab-yarida badeecada ay wali muhiim yihiin laakiin aan lahayn shuruudaha adag ee daawooyinka, semiconductor ama wax soo saarka aerospos. Waxyaabaha la isku qurxiyo iyo cuntada iyo cabitaanka cabitaanka ayaa ah tusaalooyin.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.29

Alaabada sida 304 tuubbada birta ah ee birta ah ayaa xirnaanaya si loo hubiyo in ay wax khasaare ah oo aan wax khasaare ah dhicin. Kaliya haddii ay dhoofiso, baakadaha dhoofinta ee caado ayaa lagu dhammeystirayaa sanduuqyada alwaaxa ama kiisaska.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarista Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.59

TP31L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP311, NO8367, NO8904, NO8904

Aloys-yadaani waxay leeyihiin qaab aad u wanaagsan iyo sidoo kale guryaha guryaha. Marka laga reebo taas, way fududahay in la nadiifiyo oo been abuur ah. Toogagga ugu sareeya ee birta ah ee birta ah waxaa loogu talagalay inay tahay awood dhalid ilaa 250,000 psi. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada, gaadiidka cabitaannada iyo gaasaska./^type

Alloy 254 Smoy waa kaarboon kaarboon-ka-dhig sare ee molybdemka iyo nitrogen altoy super super super austenitic steels bir ah. Waxay soo bandhigtay iska caabin aad u wanaagsan in la geeyo, crecice chepice contrict cheat crack iyo labis la labisno daal.

304 Birta aan birta lahayn waa shey caan ku ah bir bir ah, oo cufnaanta 7.93 g \ / cm3, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan 18 \ / 8 bir bir ah oo ku yaal warshadaha. Cadaadiska heerkulka sare ee 800 ¡æ, ka baaraandegida wanaagsan, ee adag, oo loo isticmaalo warshadaha iyo warshadaha qurxinta ee alaabta guryaha iyo warshadaha cuntada iyo caafimaadka.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.29

Nidaamka tuubbada birta ee birta ah waa wax soo saarka xulashada qaadista dareeraha ama dareeraha nadaafadda, murqaha iyo gaasaska, gaar ahaan halka ay ku jiraan culeys sareeya, heerkulka sareeya ama jawiga wasakhaysan ama jawiga laxiriira ay ku lug leeyihiin. Natiijada sifooyinka qurxinta ee birta aan caadiga ahayn, biinanka badanaa waxaa lagu isticmaalaa codsiyada naqshadeeyayaasha.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Sawirka 316l oo ah Pipe wax soo saarka tuubbada birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Aloys-yadaani waxay leeyihiin qaab aad u wanaagsan iyo sidoo kale guryaha guryaha. Marka laga reebo taas, way fududahay in la nadiifiyo oo been abuur ah. Toogagga ugu sareeya ee birta ah ee birta ah waxaa loogu talagalay inay tahay awood dhalid ilaa 250,000 psi. Waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa warshadaha cuntada, gaadiidka cabitaannada iyo gaasaska.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.29

Tiiska birta ee birta ah waa bir god ah oo bir ah, qeybta birta dhaqaalaha waa wareegsan. Tuubbooyinka birta ee birta ah ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay batroolka, kiimikada, caafimaadka, warshadaha iftiinka, qalabka qaab dhismeedka, iwm, marka loo yaqaan 'birta' oo aan caadi ahayn, sidaa darteed waxaa loo isticmaalaa qaybaha qalabka iyo qaabdhismeedka mashruuca. Waxaa sidoo kale loo isticmaalaa in lagu soo saaro foosto iyo qolofka loogu talagalay hubka caadiga ah ee caadiga ah. Tuubbada noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo qaybiyaa: bir bir aan lahayn oo bir ah iyo bir bir aan kala go 'lahayn iyo bir bir aan lahayn oo bir ah.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Steel la'aan bir ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

Tuubbada waxaa ka mid ah hal-weji-weji austenitic iyo hal-wajiga laba-laab ee labajibbaaranaha. Birta ba'an ayaa badanaa loo doortaa mashaariicda wax soo saarka saliida iyo gaaska, nidaamyada tuubooyinka, aaladaha dawooyinka, waxsoosaarka cuntada, waxsoosaarka cuntada iyo cabitaanka iyo maraakiibta isku-dhafka ah.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.29

Labada fasal ee ugu caansan ee birta ee ugu caansan waa 304 iyo 316.
Scottish Gaelic
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
304 309s 310s 316l 316l 316 tuubooyinka birta ee birta ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin
Cabbirka "OD: 1 \ / 2" ~ 48 "" "
Soosaarida Heerka Asme B36.10 asme b36.39

Waxyaabaha ugu muhiimsan ee 304 waa Chromium iyo Nickel, oo siiya iska caabin aad u fiican. Waxay leedahay iska caabbinta qafiifka ah, waa duriin iyo duunta, waxayna leedahay deganaansho wanaagsan. Qaab-dhismeedka aulkanitic wuxuu u oggolaanayaa sawir qoto dheer iyadoon mid dhexdhexaad ah laga qarinaayo.
Dhumucda: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Tuubada welded
Nala soo xiriir
(Ingiriis)
Itox 316 tuubbada
Alloy bir bir ah & ula
Steel la'aan bir ah
Duflex steel steel
tuubooyin bir ah oo aan kala go 'lahayn iyo tuubooyin

ASTM A213 TP304, TP30L, TP316, 316TI TP317, TP311, TP311, TP311, NO8367, NO8904 ASTMA269TP304, TP30L, TP316, TP316, TP317, TP311, TP321, TP321, NO8367, No8367, Maya8926

? Maaddadii waxaa laga heli karaa fasalka SS316 \ / 316l oo lagu sameeyay dhererka caadiga ah ee 6 mitir dheer. Labada meelood ee fasalka SS316 \ /