I-al-6xn tube ye-asme sb 676 ayi-n08367 ityhubhu

Nokuba ngama-316 okanye i-316l yeyona ndlela iphantsi. I-304 ne-304 ye-304l iyafana kodwa ixabisa kakhulu. Kananjalo ahlala ixesha elininzi njenge-317 ne-317l, banomxholo ophakamileyo we-molybdenum kwaye bayayixhaphanisa ngokupheleleyo.

Zonke izinto zentsimbi ezingapheliyo zihlangabezana neyona mfuno ibalulekileyo yomgangatho womhlaba, i-Microfial kunye nokunganyangeki okuphezulu, ukucotha okuphezulu, ubukhulu be-ravice-kunye ne-ravice-free-free yedyling. Oku kuqinisekisa amaxesha ngamaxesha, ukhuseleko, ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemisebenzi kunxweme, ukutya, ukhathalelo lwekhaya, kunye neshishini le-bietech kunye namayeza amayeza.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-Flange ikwisibini uninzi lwendlela ekujoyine ngayo emva kokudalwa. Iiflene zisetyenziswa xa amalungu afuna ukugculelwa. Inika ukutshintsha kwesondlo. Iflethi inxibelelanisa umbhobho kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwiivalve. Iiflethi zoqhawulo-mtshato zongezwa kwinkqubo ye-piholit ukuba igcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

Ukongeza kwezi zibonelelo zokusingqongileyo, intsimbi engenasiseko iyabukeka, icocekile kakhulu, kulula ukuyigcina, iqinile kwaye ibonelela ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, intsimbi engenanto inokufumaneka kwizinto ezininzi zemihla ngemihla. Ikwadlala indima ebalaseleyo kuluhlu lwamashishini, kubandakanya amandla, ukuthutha, ukwakhiwa, uphando, amayeza, ukutya kunye nezinto.

Iipayipi ezingama-254 zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lwendlela kunye ne-Alloty i-254 ye-pump ye-pump yoxinzelelo kwiqondo lobushushu kunye nezixhobo.

Iindidi zentsimbi ezingenasitali 1.4401 kunye no-1.4404 zikwabizwa ngokuba ngamaBakala 316 no-316L ngokwahlukeneyo. Ibanga lama-316 libanga le-Austentitic yesibini kuphela ukuya kuma-304 ngenjongo yokuthengisa.

Imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto ubude, iityhubhu ezingenamsebenzi ezisetyenziselwa uluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo zemveliso. Ziveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo ezikhokelela kwi-welded okanye yombhobho ongenamthungo. I-Alloty engama-304 imibhobho yentsimbi engenanto ibonelela ngamandla aphuculweyo kunye nokunganyangeki kwengqondo kwaye inokusetyenziselwa zonke iindidi zeenkqubo zokutsala, ngakumbi ezo ziphantsi kweemeko zoncedo ngaphandle komhlaba.

Intsimbi engenasimo ikwangathathi hlangothi kunye ne-Intert, kwaye i-Orter ilongeyo iqinisekisa kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zolwakhiwo oluzinzileyo. Ngaphaya koko, ayibophanga imingxunya enokuthi iguqule ubume bayo xa inxibelelana nezinto ezifana namanzi.

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.

Iiflethi zisetyenziselwa imibhobho yexesha elide. Intsimbi ebizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasimo isebenzisa iflethi njengonxibelelwano phakathi kwamacandelo amabini onxibelelwano lombhobho, kunokuba aqhagamshela umbhobho.

Ngeendlela zokugcina amaphepha ezifuna amabanga aphantsi angeniselo ezingenalo ukumelana nokungakhathali ngokwaneleyo. Ngokusekwe kumxholo we-chromium wama-22%, ane-Eustenatic edityanisiweyo: Ubume bobuchule obunikezela ngamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokucoca kunye nokusebenza kweendleko.

I-Stainess yentsimbi ye-904l yindlela yokudibanisa imibhobho, i-valves, iimpompo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza inkqubo yokufaka. Ikwabonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kokucoca, ukuhlola okanye ukuguqulwa. Iiflethi zihlala zidliwe okanye zikrexesiwe. Amalungu afakwe ngokuxhonywa ngokuhlamba kunye fives ezimbini nge-gasket phakathi kwabo ukuze banike itywina.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-302, izitya zentsimbi ezingama-309 zine-carbon ephantsi, i-chromium ephezulu ye-chromium ye-chromium yentloko ebandayo, iqhele ukuba ibale isihloko esishushu se-diameter enkulu okanye i-bolts ezinde. Enye yezona ndawo zintle zeBanga lama-309 kukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphakamileyo. Ngokufana neBanga le-310, umxholo omkhulu weChromium kwintsimbi engenasitali 309 inika oku kuchaswa kobushushu.
I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

I-Flonge i-Flonge ikwanguhlobo olukhethekileyo olunamathela ekupheleni komgangatho we-Pipe kwaye livala umgca ophumeleleyo endaweni yokudibanisa nomnye umbhobho.

Elinye inqaku lentsimbi elingenasitali le-304 lento kukuba isinyithi sinamandla obunye kunye nobunzima, obubonwa nokuba imibhobho yendawo iboniswe kwiindawo eziphantsi kweqondo lobushushu.
I-HTTPS: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / i-steelpipe
Kurdish (iKurmanJi)
Khetha ulwimi
I-Scotland Gaelic
I-Carbon Steel Flenges
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
I-Stainess yentsimbi 304 3044l s30403 Imibhobho ye-Aisi 304 Abavelisi beepayi
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.

I-flange iringi yentsimbi (yenziwa, inqunyulwe kwiplate, okanye iqengqele) eyenzelwe ukudibanisa amacandelo ombhobho, okanye i-vape, impondo ebalulekileyo. Iiflethi zidityaniswe zinye zidityaniswe ziibhotile, nakwinkqubo yokubhoboza ngokwenza i-welding okanye intambo (okanye ikhululekile xa isetyenziswa iziphelo zesiqalo). I-Stainess Flonge iFlange i-ss falnge, ibhekisa kwiflethi eyenziwe ngentsimbi engenasimo. Imigangatho yezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye namabakala yi-ASTM A182 IBakala F304 \ / L. / L. /.

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

Iiflethi ezingama-254 ze-254 zinketho ezifanelekileyo kwiindibano zobunjineli; Ingasetyenziswa kwiindibano zamandla aphezulu, imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nezinto zomatshini ezifanelekileyo. Oku khuthaza i-ifutha kunye neenyembezi kwintshukumo ye-torques ephezulu, ixhaphake kumatshini ophezulu kumatshini.
Chwetheza intsimbi engama-304 intsimbi engenanto yi-T 300 yensimbi yentsimbi engenasitayile. Inobuncinci obuyi-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% i-nickel, idityaniswe ne-0.08% yekhabhoni. Ichazwa njenge-chromium-eckel allotic Altitic.304 intsimbi engenamashishini isetyenziselwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhaya kunye nezixhobo ezinje ngokuphathwa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokwenza izinto, izixhobo, kunye nokuphelisa i-inteolds. Intsimbi engama-304 ingenalo isetyenziswa kwintsimi yoyilo ye-accent engaphandle efana namanzi kunye neempawu zomlilo. Ikwasisixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-vaporizers.

I-S32760 yemibhobho ye-S32760 ye-S32760 inamandla amakhulu, ukuqina, kunye nepropathi efanelekileyo yokunganyangeki. Inkcazo ye-S35 WPS ye-S32760 Elbow inemilinganiselo yobungakanani, emiselweyo, uhlobo kunye nezinye ezininzi.
Imivalo yensimbi kunye neentonga
Kurdish (iKurmanJi)
Khetha ulwimi
I-Scotland Gaelic
I-Carbon Steel Flenges
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
Ht ASTM A403 wpp317l-s 6 "sch0s Asme B16.9 Ubushushu Nomb .77329
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
I-900 A182 F316L ASME B16.5 FAHEADS STOPEN

I-316l ilukhetho olungcono njengama-316 luchaphazeleka kakhulu kwi-Weld South kunokuba i-316l (i-iressosion ngaphakathi kwe-weld). Nangona kunjalo, ezingama-316 zinokwenziwa ukuba zixhathise ukubola kwenkunzi. I-316l ikwayintsimbi engenasibala iphambili kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, izicelo eziphakamileyo zoncedo, yiyo loo nto ithandwa kakhulu kwiprojekthi yezamandla.
Imivalo yensimbi kunye neentonga
Kurdish (iKurmanJi)
Khetha ulwimi
I-Scotland Gaelic
I-Carbon Steel Flenges
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
Ht ASTM A403 wpp317l-s 6 "sch0s Asme B16.9 Ubushushu Nomb .77329
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
Intsimbi engenasitayile wpkpp31 wp904l Asme B16.9 ukunciphisa iinkomo

Ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye iphinde isebenze ngokutsha, intsimbi engenanto yinzuzo ye-° GET Ngapha koko, kwicandelo lezokwakha, inqanaba layo lokubuyisela kwimeko yesiqhelo lisondele kwi-100%.

Chwetheza i-304 incinci kancinci kune-302 ngenxa yomxholo wekhabhoni esezantsi. Chwetheza izicelo ezingama-304 zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizicelo ze-welbon ngenxa yokuba i-carbon ephantsi ivumela ukuvezwa kwe-carcider ye-carbide kwi-800¡-kratshi-1500 ye-1500 ye-1500.

I-Stain yentsimbi 235ME ASTENTERS i-oftivers ebambe iinxalenye ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ixesha elithile elithile. Inokukhululwa ngezinye izixhobo njengoko kufuneka zicoce umatshini. Ukomelela kakhulu, ibonisa amandla amakhulu esivuyi kunye neepropathi zoomatshini. Amanye amacandelo oShishino abasebenzisa oku kubandakanya ii-petrochemicals, iikhemikhali, izityalo ze-Thermal izityalo, ii-elektroniki, inqwelo moya kunye ne-aerospace, phakathi kwezinye. Sifumene abathengi abalungileyo emhlabeni wonke kuzo zonke iintlobo ezingama-253ma zensimbi.

I-S31803 (i-ASTM F51) igcinwe ikakhulu i-S32205 (1.4462, i-ASTM F60). Oku kubonisa umnqweno wabo wokukhulisa iipropathi zohlobo lwe-Alfay, enkosi kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yokutsala i-AOD, evumela ukulawulwa kokuthathwa komgangatho. Ukongeza, ivumela ukuphembelela inqanaba longezelelo lwe-nitrogen kunokuba ubekhona njengendawo engemva. Ke ngoko, amabanga aphezulu aphakamileyo afuna ukwandisa umxholo we-chromium (CR), iMolybDum (Molybdenum (MolyBDenum (MolyBDenum (Mo) kunye ne-nitrogen (n).

Ubume be-Austitic ye-316 intsimbi engenasibala ibonelela ngobuchule obuhle kakhulu nokuba ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi.

Intsimbi engenasimo kufuneka iqulethe ubuncinci i-10,5 chromium. Kuxhomekeka kwibakala, kunokuba namanqanaba aphezulu eChromium, kunye nezithako ezongezelelweyo ezinje ngeMolybdenum, i-Nickel, i-titanium, i-aluminium, i-nitrogen, phosper, iphosper, i-phosper, i-phriger.

I-Nickel Affal Alfaw kunye neeRods
I-304 intsimbi engenasitali yokunganyangeki kakhulu, lo mdiliya wamkele i-World Foonge iqhotyoshelwe kwinkqubo nge-WOLDONALD entanyeni. Indawo ye-Wellded inokuvavanywa ngokulula yi-radiology. I-pipe ezenziwe ngombhobho kunye neflange i-flange inciphise isiphithiphithi kunye nokukhukuliseka ngaphakathi kombhobho. I-Flange ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zakho ezibalulekileyo kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, ioyile, irhasi yendalo, kunye ne-steam.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.
I-HTTPS: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / i-steelpipe
Kurdish (iKurmanJi)
Khetha ulwimi
I-Scotland Gaelic
I-Carbon Steel Flenges
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
I-FABRICT, UKWAZI, Isamente, isakhiwo senqanawa, iphepha kunye nePub,
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.

I-Weldmed Astm i-A403 i-Steel Steel Scings yenziwe ngamaqhekeza eepleyiti zentsimbi. I-stainess pump ye-pume yenziwa nge-10% i-nickel kunye nomxholo we-chromium ephezulu.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

Iiflethi ezingama-254 ze-254 zinketho ezifanelekileyo kwiindibano zobunjineli; Ingasetyenziswa kwiindibano zamandla aphezulu, imisebenzi yokwakha kunye nezinto zomatshini ezifanelekileyo. Oku khuthaza i-ifutha kunye neenyembezi kwintshukumo ye-torques ephezulu, ixhaphake kumatshini ophezulu kumatshini.
Chwetheza intsimbi engama-304 intsimbi engenanto yi-T 300 yensimbi yentsimbi engenasitayile. Inobuncinci obuyi-18% ye-chromium kunye ne-8% i-nickel, idityaniswe ne-0.08% yekhabhoni. Ichazwa njenge-chromium-eckel allotic Altitic.304 intsimbi engenamashishini isetyenziselwa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zekhaya kunye nezixhobo ezinje ngokuphathwa kokutya kunye nezixhobo zokwenza izinto, izixhobo, kunye nokuphelisa i-inteolds. Intsimbi engama-304 ingenalo isetyenziswa kwintsimi yoyilo ye-accent engaphandle efana namanzi kunye neempawu zomlilo. Ikwasisixhobo esiqhelekileyo se-vaporizers.

Umxholo wekhabhoni esezantsi kwi-316l ukunciphisa ukubeka i-furbide enobungozi (i-carbon ikhutshelwe intsimbi kwaye iphinde isebenze nge-chromium xa ishushu, i-Prosision yokuKhefula). Ke ngoko, i-316l isetyenziswa xa i-welding iyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukunganyangeki okuphezulu.

Zonke iziqwenga zinentsimbi efanayo yentsimbi kunye ne-carbon, kodwa intsimbi engenanto iqulethe idosi esempilweni ye-chromium ye-chromium enika ukungavisisani okungaqhelekanga. Kukho amabakala amaninzi abizwa ngokuba yintsimbi engenasitali, nganye enemigangatho eyahlukileyo eyodwa, kwaye ke ngoko iimpawu ezahlukeneyo zomzimba ezahlukeneyo.
Imivalo yensimbi kunye neentonga
Kurdish (iKurmanJi)
Khetha ulwimi
I-Scotland Gaelic
I-Carbon Steel Flenges
Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
Ht ASTM A403 wpp317l-s 6 "sch0s Asme B16.9 Ubushushu Nomb .77329
Iibhayini zensimbi ye-carbon kunye neerowu
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.
I-SS 316 i-pipe engenamthungo kunye ne-ASTM A312 i-T316 Umthengisi we-pied pie wed
I-SAE 304 Ukutyulwa kwentsimbi ye-staine

I-S31803 yinkqubo yangaphakathi ye-ofisi (engachazwanga) yentsimbi ye-huppex engenasibala. Inkqubo engekhoyo yenziwa ngamaqela orhwebo amaninzi ngo-1970 ukuya kunciphisa ukudideka xa i-arey efanayo ibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-vice. Isinyithi ngasinye simelwe yileta elandelwa ngamanani amahlanu, apho ileta imele inguqu yentsimbi, i.e. s ngenxa yentsimbi engenasibala.
Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

I-Stainess yentsimbi ye-904l yindlela yokudibanisa imibhobho, i-valves, iimpompo kunye nezinye izixhobo zokwenza inkqubo yokufaka. Ikwabonelela ngokufikelela ngokulula kokucoca, ukuhlola okanye ukuguqulwa. Iiflethi zihlala zidliwe okanye zikrexesiwe. Amalungu afakwe ngokuxhonywa ngokuhlamba kunye fives ezimbini nge-gasket phakathi kwabo ukuze banike itywina.
Xa kuthelekiswa ne-302, izitya zentsimbi ezingama-309 zine-carbon ephantsi, i-chromium ephezulu ye-chromium ye-chromium yentloko ebandayo, iqhele ukuba ibale isihloko esishushu se-diameter enkulu okanye i-bolts ezinde. Enye yezona ndawo zintle zeBanga lama-309 kukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye aphakamileyo. Ngokufana neBanga le-310, umxholo omkhulu weChromium kwintsimbi engenasitali 309 inika oku kuchaswa kobushushu.
I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

Xa ukhetha iziqu ezingenazimpawu ezimele ukunyamezela iindawo ezinomhlaba, ii-austitotic stails zihlala zisetyenziswa.

Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.54
I-304 intsimbi engenasitali yokunganyangeki kakhulu, lo mdiliya wamkele i-World Foonge iqhotyoshelwe kwinkqubo nge-WOLDONALD entanyeni. Indawo ye-Wellded inokuvavanywa ngokulula yi-radiology. I-pipe ezenziwe ngombhobho kunye neflange i-flange inciphise isiphithiphithi kunye nokukhukuliseka ngaphakathi kombhobho. I-Flange ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwizicelo zakho ezibalulekileyo kwaye ilungele ukusetyenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, ioyile, irhasi yendalo, kunye ne-steam.