I-304 S30400 1.4301 piiching spools ezingama-304 zensimbi yentsimbi yentsimbi

Ngokusisiseko, ukusebenzisa i-304l kuphelisa isidingo sokufumana udibaniso lwe-wilneal gened ngaphambi kokusebenzisa ifomu epheleleyo yentsimbi, ukonga ixesha kunye nomzamo. Ngapha koko, omabini 30 no-3044 unokusetyenziswa kwizicelo ezininzi. Umahluko uhlala mncinci kangangokuba umntu akakhange aqwalaselwe ngakumbi kunenye. Xa ukunganyangeki okukhulu kuyafuneka, ezinye izazi, ezinjengeentsimbi ezingama-316 ezingenantsingiselo, zihlala zithathwa njengenye indlela.

I-Las Tubelias y Tubos Hechos de i-Veaciones y metales tieren tierentes, i-feegendo delto. U-De Astses Tuberias e Lali Aucero Thewoxicine Austenitico cerlense i-las picadlia i-las

I-Super Dupplex engapheliyo ye-S32760 \ / f55 flunges zenziwe kwibanga eliphezulu lentsimbi engenasitali. Isixhobo sinama-24% chromium, i-6% ye-Nickel, i-3% molybdenum, tungsten, i-carbon, inicon, i-silicon, i-phosphorus, intsimbi kunye ne-phosfur. I-ASTM A182 F55 Flange inamandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyangeki okuphezulu. Iiflene zenziwa phantsi kwe-ANDI BA6.5, API B16.47 kunye neminye imigangatho yamazwe.

I-SS D Tin 1.481 I-Flonges efakwe kwiiklasi ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo ze-PN6 nge-PN64 ne-150 ukuya kwi-2500 yeereyithingi zoxinzelelo. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeflethi kwiflethi, i-Welld Incomes, isokisi yeSoket Weld Fleves kunye neeflethi ezingaboniyo. Nganye nganye isetyenziselwa isidingo esithile.

I-316l 1.4401 S31601 i-Stainess yentsimbi yindlela yokhetho lombhobho kunye nomoya oqinileyo oqhelekileyo oqhele ukusetyenziswa kwoluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nezorhwebo. Le phuli ye-SS3603 yenziwe kumgangatho ophezulu we-316l yentsimbi enyaweni ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye ne-staining yendawo enobunzima okanye iZicelo eziPhakamileyo.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iintlobo zemibhobho, amaxabiso e-SS 316 imibhobho yokhuphiswano. Jonga umgangatho wemibhobho ngaphambi kokuba uzithenge ngelixa uthelekisa uluhlu lwamaxabiso angama-316 angenasitali.

IBakala 316 yongeze i-molybdenum ekuqulunqweni kwayo, nto leyo ephucula i-Alloty's Ukunganyangeki kwii-Acids, ialkalis, kunye ne-chloride pide inkcitho. Intsimbi ye-316 intsimbi ihamba kufutshane ukuya kwi-304 yentsimbi engenasimo ngokwesiqhelo. Ngeepropathi ezifanayo zomzimba kunye noomatshini kwiBanga lama-304, i-IT¡¯s phantse ayinakwenzeka ukuba uxele umahluko phakathi kwababini ngeliso elinzulu.

I-al6xn yintsimbi ye-suprausitic ye-scainess engaqhelekanga ngokuchasene ne-chloride pide, i-crevice yosulelo kunye noxinzelelo lokungasebenzi. I-al6xn yi-6 ye-for moray eyaphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomsindo. Ine-nickel ephezulu (i-24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), iziqulatho ze-nitrogen kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chromium kunye ne-chiromium kunye ne-chloride publity, kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-chloride. I-al6xn isetyenziselwa ngokuyintloko iphuculwe i-wirvice yokungakhathali kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-cravice kwi-chlolor. Yintsimbi engenasimo sengqondo esisebenzayo neliyisinga.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

I-S31803 yinkqubo yangaphakathi ye-ofisi (engachazwanga) yentsimbi ye-huppex engenasibala. Inkqubo engekhoyo yenziwa ngamaqela orhwebo amaninzi ngo-1970 ukuya kunciphisa ukudideka xa i-arey efanayo ibizwa ngokuba ziindawo ezahlukeneyo, kunye ne-vice. Isinyithi ngasinye simelwe yileta elandelwa ngamanani amahlanu, apho ileta imele inguqu yentsimbi, i.e. s ngenxa yentsimbi engenasibala.
Ngokubanzi, uhlobo lwe-316 ibakala linokuqwalaselwa ngokulinganayo kwimeko enikiweyo. Ukukhupha okungathethekiyo kukungabikho kobuntu kwindawo echaphazelekayo kubushushu kwizilwanyana ze-welds kunye ne-AlcetivedAls Alteys kwiindawo ezinendawo ezaneleyo. Kwimithombo yeendaba, uhlobo lwe-316l lilungele iimeko ze-welding kunohlobo lwe-316 kuba umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi wonyusa ukunyangwa kokungakhathali.
I-flange yi-rollge efihliweyo, imilebe okanye irayisi, nokuba ingaphandle okanye ingaphandle, isebenza ukonyusa amandla (njengeflethi ye-Iron okanye i-T-MAAM); Ukuncamathela ngokulula \ / ukudluliselwa kwendlela yoqhakamshelwano kunye nenye into (njenge-flange ekupheleni kombhobho, isilinda se-Steam, njl njl. okanye ukuzinzisa nokukhokela iintshukumo zoomatshini okanye iinxalenye zayo (njenge-flange yangaphakathi yemoto kaloliwe okanye ivili le-tram, eligcina amavili ukuba abaleke khona amavili). Ibinzana elithi "iFlanger" likwasetyenziselwa uhlobo lwesixhobo esisetyenziselwa ukwenza iiflene.

I-S31803 (i-ASTM F51) igcinwe ikakhulu i-S32205 (1.4462, i-ASTM F60). Oku kubonisa umnqweno wabo wokukhulisa iipropathi zohlobo lwe-Alfay, enkosi kuphuhliso lwenkqubo yokutsala i-AOD, evumela ukulawulwa kokuthathwa komgangatho. Ukongeza, ivumela ukuphembelela inqanaba longezelelo lwe-nitrogen kunokuba ubekhona njengendawo engemva. Ke ngoko, amabanga aphezulu aphakamileyo afuna ukwandisa umxholo we-chromium (CR), iMolybDum (Molybdenum (MolyBDenum (MolyBDenum (Mo) kunye ne-nitrogen (n).
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Asme B16.5 Allonge Flall Allonge Flonge yeflethi yokuphela kombhobho
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
Ubungakanani be-OD: 1 \ / 2 "" ~ 48 "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "" "

Imibhobho yentsimbi engama-316 iye yaba zizixhobo ezinokubonakala kwicandelo lemizi-mveliso. Olu lwabiwo lwesinyithi kunye ne-chrome ibonwa ngokunyangeka kwayo phezulu ekucocekeni, kunye nokuqina kwayo. I-316 ityhubhu yentsimbi engenasitali inokuveliswa kuzo zombini iityhubhu ezingenamthungo kunye ne-weldied ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zabathengi.

Intsimbi engama-304 yeyona nsimbi ixhaphakileyo. Intsimbi iqulathe zombini i-chromium (phakathi kwe-18% ne-20%) kunye ne-NCECEL (phakathi kwe-8% ne-8% ne-10] yezinyithi njengeziindawo eziphambili zentsimbi. Yintsimbi engathandekiyo ye-austitic ye-stainic. I-SS304 ikwasetyenziselwa ukwenza iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, ivili levili kunye ne-quiades zokwakha.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Asme B16.5 Allonge Flall Allonge Flonge yeflethi yokuphela kombhobho
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
I-Zhengzhou Huitong Pidiel Guipeling Com., Ltd.

Yenziwe ngendibaniselwano yokuthintela ubunzima obunzima kwi-chloride yoxinzelelo lwe-clososion, kunye nokuthambisa kunye nokuntywila kwe-cervice stion ngamandla aphindwe kabini kwi-300 yentsimbi engama-300.

Ihlazo elingaxutywanga liqulunqelwe ngeendlela ezintathu ezahlukeneyo nezizimeleyo nangona zidityanisiwe; Iflethi, iigesi, kunye nokutyibilika; ezihlanganisene kwenye impembelelo, efanelekileyo. Ulawulo olukhethekileyo luyafuneka ekukhetheni nasekusebenziseni zonke izinto ezikhoyo zokufumana udibaniso, oluqinileyo lokuqina.

I-Flange ikwisibini uninzi lwendlela ekujoyine ngayo emva kokudalwa. Iiflene zisetyenziswa xa amalungu afuna ukugculelwa. Inika ukutshintsha kwesondlo. Iflethi inxibelelanisa umbhobho kunye nezixhobo ezahlukeneyo nakwiivalve. Iiflethi zoqhawulo-mtshato zongezwa kwinkqubo ye-piholit ukuba igcinwe rhoqo ngexesha lokusebenza kwesityalo.

I-304 i-prools ye-piiding yenziwa ngentsimbi engama-304 yentsimbi, into eqhelekileyo neyaziwayo kwizicelo ezininzi zemizi-mveliso efuna ukumelana nokungavisisani kunye ne-oxidation. Ezi zi-S30400 ze-piiding prools zisebenzisa oomatshini okhethekileyo kunye neenkqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuba zichanekile kwaye zinokuthenjwa.

253 I-MA i-alustitic averant-i-aftity engapheliyo enamandla aphezulu kunye nokunganyange okungafanelekanga kwe-oxido. Inika amandla amahle kunye nokuxhathisa kwi-oxidation, i-sulfidation kunye ne-erosion kumaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo kwi-alloty equkethe i-11% i-nickel. Izitya zentsimbi ezingama-235MA zinokwenziwa kubungakanani beentlobo ngeentlobo, ubungakanani kunye namabakala kwiimfuno zabathengi. Kuba zikho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okutya.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Asme B16.5 Allonge Flall Allonge Flonge yeflethi yokuphela kombhobho
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
I-254 ye-smo ye-pume yendlela ye-cr

Intsimbi engenasimo yi-alloy yentsimbi enganyangekiyo. Inama-11% chromium kwaye inokuqulatha izinto ezinjengekhabhoni, ezinye izilwanyana kunye nezinyithi zokufumana ezinye iipropathi ezinqwenelekayo. Ukuxhathisa intsimbi engenasithukuthezi kwiziphumo zokusula kwiChromium, nto leyo eyenza ifilimu eguqukayo enokukhusela izinto kwaye aziziphilise izinto zeoksijini.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Ubukhulu: sch5 ~ schxxs
Iipleyiti zensimbi kunye namashiti kunye neekopi
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
I-HTTPS: \ / \ / www.htpipe.com \ / i-steelpipe
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
I-nickel alloy plates kunye neekhihlo kunye neekopi

Ubude: Ngokwemfuno yakho. "
I-SAE 304 Intsimbi engenasimo yeyona nsihla ixhaphakileyo. Intsimbi iqulathe zombini i-chromium (phakathi kwe-18% ne-20%) kunye ne-NCECEL (phakathi kwe-8% ne-8% ne-10] yezinyithi njengeziindawo eziphambili zentsimbi. Sisinyithi esingenasimo esingenangqondo. Ingaphantsi kombane kunye nefuthe elinomsindo kunentsimbi yekharbon. Yimagnethi, kodwa ingaphantsi kunentsimbi. Inomchasi ophezulu wokungakhathali kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokukhululeka apho kusenziwa iimilo ezahlukeneyo. [1]

An NT08367 kwakhona kudla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-alloy al6xn yikharbon ephantsi, ukucoceka okuphezulu, i-nitrogen-i-itrogen-molybdenum ye-pirden ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride ye-piloride ye-chloride ye-chloride inkcitho kunye ne-cravice incade.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Asme B16.5 Allonge Flall Allonge Flonge yeflethi yokuphela kombhobho
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
I-Deplex Plates Plates kunye ne-Sheet

I-ASME B36.19m yindlela esemgangathweni yemibhobho yentsimbi engenasitayile, echaza imibhobho, unyamezelo, kunye neemfuno zokwenza imibhobho ye-weldided kunye engenamthungo.

I-flange iringi yentsimbi (yenziwa, inqunyulwe kwiplate, okanye iqengqele) eyenzelwe ukudibanisa amacandelo ombhobho, okanye i-vape, impondo ebalulekileyo. Iiflethi zidityaniswe zinye zidityaniswe ziibhotile, nakwinkqubo yokubhoboza ngokwenza i-welding okanye intambo (okanye ikhululekile xa isetyenziswa iziphelo zesiqalo). I-Stainess Flonge iFlange i-ss falnge, ibhekisa kwiflethi eyenziwe ngentsimbi engenasimo. Imigangatho yezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye namabakala yi-ASTM A182 IBakala F304 \ / L. / L. /.

I-flange iringi yentsimbi (yenziwa, inqunyulwe kwiplate, okanye iqengqele) eyenzelwe ukudibanisa amacandelo ombhobho, okanye i-vape, impondo ebalulekileyo. Iiflethi zidityaniswe zinye zidityaniswe ziibhotile, nakwinkqubo yokubhoboza ngokwenza i-welding okanye intambo (okanye ikhululekile xa isetyenziswa iziphelo zesiqalo). I-Stainess Flonge iFlange i-ss falnge, ibhekisa kwiflethi eyenziwe ngentsimbi engenasimo. Imigangatho yezinto eziqhelekileyo kunye namabakala yi-ASTM A182 IBakala F304 \ / L. / L. /.

Ngeendlela zokugcina amaphepha ezifuna amabanga aphantsi angeniselo ezingenalo ukumelana nokungakhathali ngokwaneleyo. Ngokusekwe kumxholo we-chromium wama-22%, ane-Eustenatic edityanisiweyo: Ubume bobuchule obunikezela ngamandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokucoca kunye nokusebenza kweendleko.

I-Stainess yentsimbi 1.4550 i-Sheheshers inee-Sersor zinezibuko ezidlulisela ubugcisa ngaphakathi okanye zangaphandle zokuluma kumphezulu weqela. Ukuba i-washer yeflethi iyafuneka ukuba ithathe umngxunya omkhulu kwiNdibano, i-nyloc yet (ye-NYLOLOn Faka) kufuneka isetyenziswe. I-347 I-HARDS yentsimbi engenasimo se-Austeritic Staners yentsimbi eyenziwe kwi-allomium equkethe i-chromium, i-nickel, molybdenum kunye nenitrogen ngomxholo wekhabhoni. I-Stainess yentsimbi 347 yerhasi isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinomtsalane.
I-ST 316 imibhobho ye-S31600 yombhobho
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Ityhubhu ye-weldied
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Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-TUbos de Acero Acero Inoxidplex 254smo Z1 cupe 20.18.063az
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43

I-304 i-staiel ye-tube yentsimbi yentsimbi, unyango lwesisombululo (i-accong) - ubushushu ukuya kwi-1010-11200c kwaye zipholile ngokukhawuleza. La mabakala akanakuba lukhuni ngonyango lobushushu.

Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi wensimbi ye-stainess ye-hex engama-304 inciphisa i-culbium ye-chromium ye-celbide evela kwi-welding kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwayo kwi-insosion yosulelo. I-SS 304 Amanuts kunye nee-bolts ziyafumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-515MPA ubuncinci ngamandla amanye amanxuwa kunye ne-40% ye-ilongwation ngobunzima be-201hb. I-bolts zensimbi ingamandla aphezulu ye-lalting kwaye zezona ziboli zinamandla zentengiso ezisemgangathweni. Iipropathi zoomatshini abaphezulu zivela kubume bekhabhoni, Manganese, Silicon, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Chromium, Nickel kunye ne-nitrogen.

I-ASTM A312 i-T36 yi-T316 luhlobo oluqhelekileyo lokufumana i-lamy, ethe tye-selded, kwaye ebandayo kakhulu e-Austeditic Stainess Stainess esetyenziswe kwiqondo lokuhlala eliphezulu kunye neenkonzo ngokubanzi zoncedo. Umbhobho wentsimbi wama-316 ongenamizi-mveliso yenziwa kwindibaniselwano ye-chromium, i-nickel, nase molybdenum, enika i-SS 316 ityhubhu ityhubhu inyangeka kakhulu ekucocekeni nasekucoceni.

Umxholo wekhabhoni ophantsi wensimbi ye-stainess ye-hex engama-304 inciphisa i-culbium ye-chromium ye-celbide evela kwi-welding kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwayo kwi-insosion yosulelo. I-SS 304 Amanuts kunye nee-bolts ziyafumaneka ukuya kuthi ga kwi-515MPA ubuncinci ngamandla amanye amanxuwa kunye ne-40% ye-ilongwation ngobunzima be-201hb. I-bolts zensimbi ingamandla aphezulu ye-lalting kwaye zezona ziboli zinamandla zentengiso ezisemgangathweni. Iipropathi zoomatshini abaphezulu zivela kubume bekhabhoni, Manganese, Silicon, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Sulfur, Chromium, Nickel kunye ne-nitrogen.

I-BS10 ITheyibhile D, iThebhile E, I-Din English Flip Fupe, isitokhwe se-SS 316TI BOTION

Amandla aphezulu kunye nokungaxhathisi i-al-6xn alloy yenza ukuba ukhetho olungcono kunakwimigangatho engenasiseko ye-nickel kunye nendlela efanelekileyo yexabiso le-nickel kwizicelo apho kukhona izicelo eziphezulu, ukumelana nokuxhaphake kakhulu.
Chwetheza umbhobho wethupho
www.htpipe.es
Ityhubhu ye-weldied
JCOPIP.com
Yenziwe ngentsimbi eshayinayo
Imivalo yentsimbi engenasimo kunye neentonga
I-Asme B16.5 Allonge Flall Allonge Flonge yeflethi yokuphela kombhobho
I-pipe yentsimbi kunye netyhubhu
Ukuvelisa i-Asme esemgangathweni B36.10 Asme B36.43
I-304 yokwexeshana ye-prools ye-pubile yeyona ntsimbi iqhelekileyo ixhaphakileyo
Iipleyiti zentsimbi ye-alloy kunye neekhiliki

Ngelixa i-chemistry yentsimbi engenasinqwazi 304l flanges ifana neBanga 304, kukho utshintsho olwenziwe kubume bemichiza. Utshintsho kwi-chemistry yebanga lama-304l iphucula iipropathi zayo njengokuqhekeka.

I-Stainess yentsimbi 316TI Hex isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinokumelana nobushushu obuphakathi kunohlobo lwama-304, kwaye i-carbon esezantsi iyenza baxhathise ukuchama i-carbon. Nangona kunjalo, njengamanqindi amaninzi angenasitali, intsimbi engenasinqwaba angama-316ti Hex hexts ichaphazeleka kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo ze-chlorine kwaye zinokukhulisa imingxunya kunye neempuphu.

I-310s yomphunga
I-SAE 304 Intsimbi engenasimo yeyona nsihla ixhaphakileyo. Intsimbi iqulathe zombini i-chromium (phakathi kwe-18% ne-20%) kunye ne-NCECEL (phakathi kwe-8% ne-8% ne-10] yezinyithi njengeziindawo eziphambili zentsimbi. Sisinyithi esingenasimo esingenangqondo. Ingaphantsi kombane kunye nefuthe elinomsindo kunentsimbi yekharbon. Yimagnethi, kodwa ingaphantsi kunentsimbi. Inomchasi ophezulu wokungakhathali kunentsimbi eqhelekileyo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngenxa yokukhululeka apho kusenziwa iimilo ezahlukeneyo. [1]

Siphethe uluhlu lwe-inventri enkulu engama-304 kunye ne-316 iflethi yentsimbi engenasibala kwiindidi ezininzi kunye nobukhulu. Khetha ukusuka kwiflethi ye-piep ezingenamabala anjenge: I-Stanity ye-Staiest Fieves, i-Staini engaboniyo, iflethi engaphakathi, i-slieds ephakanyisiweyo, kwaye iphakamise intamo ye-Will, kwaye iphakanyisiwe.

Inkqubo yentsimbi engenasitayile yimveliso yokhetho lokuthathwa kokutsala i-fallids okanye i-scounder fluaids, i-sutorries kunye neegesi, ngakumbi apho uxinzelelo oluphezulu, amaqondo obushushu aphezulu okanye amaqondo obushushu aphezulu abandakanyeka. Ngenxa yepropathi yobuhle yentsimbi engenasitali, umbhobho ihlala isetyenziswa kwizicelo zoyilo.

Inani eliphezulu le-nickel kunye neChromium kwi-austentinitic stails ezingenazimpawu zinika iipropathi ezibalaseleyo, kunye nokunganyangeki kwengqondo.