Ukumelana nokungamelana ne-600 amapayipi ama-antioxidant

I-S31803 uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlanganisiwe (ama-UNS) lwensimbi yokuqala yensimbi engenacala. Uhlelo olungeyena lwakhiwa amaqembu amaningi okuhweba ngawo-1970s ukunciphisa ukudideka lapho i-alloy efanayo ibizwa ngezinto ezahlukene, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Insimbi ngayinye imelelwa yincwadi elandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu, lapho incwadi imele uchungechunge lwensimbi, i.e. s ngensimbi engagqwali.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

321 insimbi engagqwali, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS S32100 nebanga le-17% kuya ku-19% i-chromium, ama-silfickes angu-1%, ama-pulfur, ama-5 x (c + n) .70%. Mayelana nokumelana nokugqwala, insimbi engagqwali ilingana nebanga le-304 esimweni esivelele futhi liphezulu uma uhlelo lubandakanya insiza ku-797¡Ã♥. I-321 Insimbi Engagqwali ihlanganisa amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuqina nokuqina kwesigaba ngokumelana nokuqina okulandelayo kwamanzi.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

Insimbi engagqwali 321 \ 321h fittings ezifakiwe kusetshenziswa efrowtring, esiqandisini, uwoyela, igesi, i-petrochemical kanye nezimboni ezivuthayo kawoyela. Izinto ezibonakalayo zine-chromium, nickel, titanium nezinye izinto kanye nekhabhoni. I-321H inekhabhoni ephakeme kunezinye izinguqulo. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakwa okufana ne-321 \ 321H insimbi ye-buttweld esetshenziswa kakhulu kepha kukhona nokufakwa komthungo. Insimbi engenasici i-EXS I-S32100 Pipe Elbow iyindlela efanelekile esetshenziswa kuzicelo eziphezulu zokushisa ukuze ishintshe indlela yokugeleza.

ASTM A213 I-IP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP3TI, I-PP310, NO8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8946 Astma269PT304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP317L, PP345L, S345L, No8967, No8926
I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 S32205

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Ibanga le-304 liyindinganiso "yensimbi engu-18 \ 8"; Yinsimbi engenaziqhingi kunazo zonke futhi esetshenziswe kabanzi ngensimbi engenasici atholakala ebangeni elibanzi lemikhiqizo, amafomu kanye nokuqedela kunanoma iyiphi enye.

Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.

I-Hastelloy C276 iyi-alloy enamandla ye-molybdenum, i-chromium, i-nickel, kanye neminonjana yeTungsten. I-Hastelloy C276 amapuleti aqukethe ama-nickel kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuphonsa izimo ukunciphisa izimo, ngenkathi i-chromium ihlinzeka ngokumelana nemidiya exidizing.

I-Alkel-Cont-based Alloy 400 Monel 2.4360 Indukulela ebandayo ebandayo engu-400 I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy yethusi ne-nickel esekelwe ethandwa namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. I-alloy ine-acid enhle kakhulu ne-alkali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amahle ashubile, i-decticity, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, futhi kungaqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda. Ngokwengeziwe, ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa asukela ku-minus kuya kuma-538 degrees Celsius.

Amabha ensimbi K500 ensimbi alungele amaphampu we-centrifugal embonini yasolwandle. Lokhu kungenxa yezakhiwo zebha ye-Monel N05500 eshisayo evuthayo, okungukuthi amandla aphezulu ashubile kanye nezinga eliphansi lokugqwala ku-high velocity langalwandle olwandle.

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

I-Alloy Steel F12 F12 Slip on Flanges yenziwa nge-Chromium Molybdenum Steel Alloy ngakho-ke yiba nokuphikiswa okuphezulu. Zithandwa futhi ngenxa yesisindo sazo esikhanyayo ngenxa yekhabhoni ephansi kanye ne-alloy ephezulu ye-alloy ye-ASTM A182 Flanges ilula kakhulu ukuyifaka futhi inesikhungo esiphansi ngoba ipayipi kwesinye isikhathi liyangena emavulweni ngemuva kokushiswa.

I-Alloy 600 ayizibuthe, inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini kanye nenhlanganisela yamandla aphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuhle futhi kuyabonakala kalula.

I-SCH40 Monel 400 ipayipi iqokwa njenge-Werkstoff Inombolo engu-2.4360 futhi ayinasi-n04400. I-Alloy 400 Ipayipi elibuye laziwa ngokuthi yi-Monel Alloy 400 ipayipi, i-monel 400 ipayipi & nickel alloy 400 Pipe.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

Lawa mapayipi we-A335 P10 ahle kakhulu ngezinhloso ezahlukahlukene, noma ngabe ufuna ukuzisebenzisa emisebenzini kawoyela noma yamanzi, noma usebenzise lawa mapayipi e-A335 P10 wokudonsa amanzi. Lawa mapayipi e-A335 P10 enziwe ngensimbi eqinile yokuqina kokuphila impilo futhi akhiqizwa kusetshenziswa amasu ahilela noma umdwebo oshisayo. Bangamelana nomthelela omkhulu futhi bayacindezela ukumelana.

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

I-Incoloy 800, 800h no-800ht bacishe bacishe basebenzise ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali namakhemikhali.

I-Butt Weld Pipe Fitting yenzelwe ukuthi ifakwe kwisayithi ezindaweni zayo (ama) ukuxhuma amapayipi (s) ndawonye futhi avumele ushintsho kububanzi obuhle noma ngepayipi, noma ephepheni noma ekuphelisweni.

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-ASTM ASME SB 164 MOMEL 400 Insimbi Bar In04400 Nickel Alloy Bar
Isetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwengcindezi ephezulu emazingeni okushisa aphakeme. I-contel, ishubhu le-625 lingasetshenziswa ekushiseni kokushisa, ama-condensers nasezakhiweni ze-boiler ngalesi sizathu.
I-ASTM ASME I-SA 182 yaphakamisa ubuso bukabuso

I-316 imvamisa ibhekwa njengensimbi ejwayelekile yasolwandle, kepha akumelani namanzi olwandle afudumele. Ezindaweni eziningi zasolwandle ezingama-316 ziyakhombisa ukuqina komhlaba, okuvame ukubonakala njengezinhlamvu ezinsundu. Lokhu kuhlotshaniswa ikakhulukazi nama-crevices kanye nokuqedwa komhlaba okunzima.

Lokhu kufanele kube yingxenye yohlelo lokuhambisa uketshezi (uwoyela, igesi, umusi, amakhemikhali, ...) ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo, amabanga amafushane noma amade.

I-Alloy Steel Pepe ne-Tube
Ama-flanges ensimbi ekhanni
I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.
I-Aisi 301 304 Ipayipi Lensimbi Engagqwali

I-ASTM A240 TYPE 2205 I-Dumplex Sheet ihlinzeka ngenani eliphakeme le-Brinell Harvened of cishe 290 esimweni esinqunyelwe.

I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.

Ifaka insimbi engama-304 engenasici ukuze imelana nokugqwala okuhle kakhulu, le llainger evunyiwe ye-weldi tek flange ingafakwa ohlelweni nge-clurceferance ye-wald entanyeni. Indawo ye-welded ingahlolwa kalula yi-radiography. Ipayipi elifanisiwe ne-Flange Brore inciphisa isiyaluyalu nokuguguleka ngaphakathi kwepayipi. I-Flange ihle kakhulu ukuze isetshenziswe kuzinhlelo zakho ezibucayi futhi ilungele ukusetshenziswa ngomoya, amanzi, uwoyela, igesi yemvelo kanye nomusi.

I-ANSI B 16.47 I-Monel Din 2.4375 Ama-Flange afakiwe I-ASTM B 564 MOMEL K500 I-FLANES ehlanganisiwe ingahle isetshenziswe kuzo zonke izingcindezi futhi iyatholakala ngobubanzi obugcwele. Bangakwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni noma i-corlode ngokushesha. Sigcina ithebhu emakethe yemakethe kanye nezidingo, ukusungula imikhiqizo emisha, eqhubekayo futhi enomnotho ekwazi ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso. Imikhiqizo yethu iqinisekiswe ngokuphelele futhi i-100% ihlala isikhathi eside.

I-Alloy 304 iyi-auroy e-auntenitic, eyenziwe ngezindawo ezinkulu ze-nickel ne-chromium. Insimbi engenasici engama-304 ipayipi

I-S32750 S32760 Super Dumplex Amapayipi Ensimbi Engagqwali ngokumelana kahle kwe-Pitling Pipling yasendaweni

I-UNS32100 Enciphisa iTee iyathandwa ngenxa yekhono layo lokusebenza ekucindezelweni okuphezulu nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu.

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind
IsiShayina (Esenziwe lula)
Amafulethi akhiwe
Ikhaya »
I-HTSSPIPE.com
Kurdish (Kurmanji)
Ukuphela Okumisiwe, Ukuphela Okusobala "
304 309s 310s 316l 316L 316 Engagwili
Amalangabi ensimbi engagqwali
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
I-ASTM A403 Insimbi ASME B16.9 45 90 degrees Elbows
I-ASTM A815 ASME B16.9 S32205 Ukugoba Ukugoba

Izinto ezibalulekile ku-304 zingama-chromium ne-nickel, enikeza ukumelana kahle nokugqwala. Inokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-admore ne-ductile, futhi ine-welduall enhle. Isakhiwo se-auntenitic sivumela umdwebo ojulile ngaphandle kokuvela okuphakathi.

Isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zegesi ze-Plue Deselfurization ngenxa yokumelana kwayo okuhle kumakhompiyutha e-sulfur kanye nama-chloride ion afakwe ku-scrubbers amaningi.

Super duplex stainless 1.4410 Insimbi engenacala elinamaphesenti ama-25 ama-chromium, amaphesenti ama-4 molybdenum, namaphesenti ama-7 ama-nickel. I-High Molybdenum, i-chromium kanye ne-nitrogen okuqukethwe? I-Super Duplex 2507 hex nux amantongomane? Asiza lokho kuphila kwengqondo nokuqina kwe-crevice.?

I-flange iyindandatho yensimbi (eyakhiwe, enqunywe kusuka epuletini, noma i-rolled) yakhelwe ukuxhuma izingxenye zepayipi, noma ukujoyina ipayipi kumhlangano wengcindezi, i-valve, iphampu noma omunye umhlangano ovusiwe ovusiwe. Ama-Flanges ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ngama-bolts, futhi ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngokushiswa noma ngomcucu (noma okuxekethile lapho kusetshenziswa izimbumbulu). I-Finanless yensimbi filange eyenziwe lula njenge-SS Flange, isho ama-flanges enza ngensimbi engenacala. Amazinga ajwayelekile wezinto ezibonakalayo namamaki yi-ASTM A182 Ibanga F304 \ l ne-F316 \ l, libe ngu-2500 njll.

Ukuze udlulise ipayipi, kuyadingeka ukususa i-hose eqondile epayipini. Lapho usebenzisa amapayipi ahlukahlukene, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi ahlukahlukene. Lapho kusetshenziswa ipayipi, i-elbow kumele isetshenziselwe ukushintsha usayizi wepayipi. Lapho u-bifurcating, ipayipi elinezindlela ezintathu i-Flange uxhumano olusetshenzisiwe lapho i-joint isetshenziswa ama-pipeline ahlukahlukene amahle, ukuze ifinyelele ekukhuliseni okuhlangene noma ukugcwaliswa okuhlangene okuhlangene noma ukukhishwa okusebenzayo okubandayo kanye nokuhlangana okubandayo okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwepayipi. , Ekuxhumaneni kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kukhona nezixhumi nama-plugs esigaba sensimbi.

I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

INilo Alloy 36, w.nr 1.3912, i-Invar 36® iyi-nickel-iron, i-alloy elawulwa okuphansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36% futhi anezinga lokunwetshwa kwensimbi ecishe ibe yishumi lensimbi ye-carbon.

I-Carbon Insimbi Esetshenzisiwe ukuze kwazo. Lokhu okuqukethwe kungaba ngesimo sebha noma ngesimo sengoma yokuhlangabezana nesidingo sahlukene sokwakha. Banikela ngemishini ephezulu kanye nokushiswa.

Ukucaciswa kwe-UNS S31803 (ASTM F51) kudluliselwe kakhulu yi-UNS S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Lokhu kukhombisa isifiso sabo sokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwenza insimbi ye-AOD, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunzima kokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuthonya izinga lesengezo le-nitrogen kunokuba nje likhona njengento yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, amamaki aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu afuna ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (CR), i-molybdenum (mo) ne-nitrogen (n).

I-Incons 600 Round Bar iyi-alloy esekwe ku-nickel nge-benign carburulization kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-600 eyindilinga iyasebenza ngokumelene nokomisa ama-CL2 namanye amagesi amaningi ahlukene emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aphezulu. I-Alloy 600 Bar iyi-nickel-chromium alloy ene-oxidation enhle nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokuwohloka kwe-chloride, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kokugqwayiza kwamanzi kanye ne-acid oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

I-Superelloy 625 I-Elbow isebenza kahle ngaphansi kwamanzi olwandle asolwandle kahle, futhi ngaphezulu kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamandla ezifana namanzi amasha nezimo ezijwayelekile zomoya.

Ibanga alikho ama-magnetic kuzo zonke izimo futhi linokuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokushiswa. Isakhiwo se-Aucuetutenitic siphinde sinikeze le grade leli glokuzi okuhle kakhulu, ngisho nasezansi emazingeni okushisa angcolile.

Insimbi Engagqwali ASTM A312 I-IPP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP31BL, I-IPP3TI, I-S315L, No8926, No890, No8904

Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Pers Mill ezidinga amamaki aphansi angenawo ukumelana nokwanele. Kususelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium engama-22%, bane-auntenitic ehlanganisiwe: i-fisscitic fickscucture enikeza amandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.

Ama-alloys amelana nawo aphikisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi yizimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Isidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile siholela ekwamukelweni nasekukhuleni kwazo ezindaweni zamandla, ezempilo kanye nezemvelo, uwoyela kanye negesi, amakhemikhali kanye negesi yokuhlanza igesi.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

I-Nickel Alloy 400 no-Monel 400, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS N04400, i-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nickel yesibili ne-lickel yesithathu neyodwa. I-Nickel Alloy 400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi i-alkalis (noma ama-acid), amanzi anosawoti, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Njengoba i-monel 400 noma i-alloy 400 iyinsimbi ebandayo esetshenzisiwe, le alloy inobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina namandla. Ngokusebenza okubandayo kwe-ASTM B164 ANS N04400 Bar stock, i-alloy ifakwa emazingeni aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini, yona ebangela izinguquko kwi-miscruccucture ye-alloy.

I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-Alloy 304 iyi-auroy e-auntenitic, eyenziwe ngezindawo ezinkulu ze-nickel ne-chromium. Insimbi engenacala engama-304 ipayipi

Amapuleti we-nickel alloy namashidi namakhoyili

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwayo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali lizinga lama-304l. I-304H ingukuhluka okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungasetshenziswa nasemazingeni okushisa aphakeme.