I-Duplex Steel Pipe & Tube

I-Alloy 70 \ 30 Copper-Nickel Alloy yaziwa ngokugqwala kwayo okuhle kakhulu, ukugqwala kanye nokuphikiswa okukhohlisayo kanye namandla amahle, amacebo nokushiswa. Alloy 70 \ 30 ama-flanges kanye nama-fittings ayaziwa ukuvikela ukuthotka kwe-hydrogen futhi alondoloze izakhiwo zawo zemishini ngisho nasemazingeni aphansi.

I-Nickel Alloy 400 no-Monel 400, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-UNS N04400, i-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper eyakhiwe ngokuyinhloko i-nickel yesibili ne-lickel yesithathu neyodwa. I-Nickel Alloy 400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi i-alkalis (noma ama-acid), amanzi anosawoti, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Njengoba i-monel 400 noma i-alloy 400 iyinsimbi ebandayo esetshenzisiwe, le alloy inobulukhuni obuphezulu, ukuqina namandla. Ngokusebenza okubandayo kwe-ASTM B164 ANS N04400 Bar stock, i-alloy ifakwa emazingeni aphezulu wengcindezi yemishini, yona ebangela izinguquko kwi-miscruccucture ye-alloy.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

I-Duplex¯¯s I-Premium Mechanical and Chemical Properties icishiwe kancane ngobunzima bayo bokuthola.

Izikopelo ze-A320 GR L7 zingaphansi kokuhlolwa okuthile okuphoqelekile kwemishini, okungukuthi: Ukuhlolwa kweTensile, ukuhlolwa komthelela kanye nokuhlolwa kobulukhuni.

Alloy 800 Weld intamo flanges
Thayipha ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ngokusekelwe ocwaningweni lwethu nokuqonda kwezitayela eziqhubekayo, siguqula ukukhiqizwa kwethu kanye namaphethini wokulethwa ukunikela ngamakhasimende ethu imikhiqizo ehlukile futhi ephathekayo.
I-HTTPS: \ \ www.htpipe.com \ steel

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

I-InCothel Alloy 718 yakhelwe ukukhombisa amandla aphezulu kakhulu okuvutha, amandla ashubile kanye nezindawo zokuqhekeka ezishisayo emazingeni okushisa aze afike ku-1300¡ãff.

I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy ethandwayo ye-nickel-Copper evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni eziphezulu zokusebenza. I-alloy inokumelana okuphezulu kwezindawo ezi-acidic ne-alkaline, amandla aphezulu, i-actility enhle nokusebenza okushisayo. I-Monel 400 ilungele ukusetshenziswa ku-subzero to 1,000¡Ãf (538¡Ãcc) ububanzi bokushisa futhi bungaqiniswa kuphela umsebenzi obandayo.

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwawo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

Amapuleti ama-Duplex anesigaba esinezigaba ezimbili noma zesigaba sesibili se-miscrumpleccure. I-microsex yensimbi ye-S32205 Foil iqukethe isilinganiso esilinganayo se-Ferrite ne-Austonite.

Ngenxa yokwengezwa kwe-chromium, ama-ex 08800 butt ama-weld weld ama-elbows amelana nemithombo yezindaba e-nitric, usawoti kanye nama-nitrate. Lezi zindebe ze-nickel alloy 800ht zingamelana nezimo eziphakeme zokushisa futhi ziqede kahle indawo enhle.

I-Duplex Sheet 1.4462 Plate
Ama-N083367 futhi abizwa futhi njengoba i-alroy al6xn iyikhabhoni ephansi, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubumsulwa be-nitrogen-auntenitic "ama-nickel-molybdenum alloy ane-chloride pittipt kanye ne-crevice corrision.

I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

Izicucu zensimbi ezingagqwali zisetshenziswa epayipi lamanzi, igesi yemvelo, ekwakhekeni, kanye nasembonini yezitshalo zenuzi zenuzi.

I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

I-Incons 600 Round Bar iyi-alloy esekwe ku-nickel nge-benign carburulization kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-600 eyindilinga iyasebenza ngokumelene nokomisa ama-CL2 namanye amagesi amaningi ahlukene emazingeni okushisa aphakeme aphezulu. I-Alloy 600 Bar iyi-nickel-chromium alloy ene-oxidation enhle nokumelana nokuqhekeka kwengcindezi yokuwohloka kwe-chloride, ukuhlanzeka okuphezulu kokugqwayiza kwamanzi kanye ne-acid oxidation emazingeni okushisa aphakeme.

I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekumelaneni kwe-pipling okulinganiselayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nama-creplex ama-stainles cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye nokushisa okubucayi okuphezulu ngenhla kwe-50¡ngÃc ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc.

Izikopelo ze-Aisi 904l zisetshenziselwa ukubamba izakhi ndawonye njengama-flangese, ama-valves, izihlungi nezinye izinto zokufaka amapayipi. Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile ze-Aisi 904L zifaka izikopelo ezigcwele noma eziqhubekayo zentambo, izikopelo zokuphela okuqhubekayo, izikopelo ze-Stud, izikopelo ze-stud Shank, lezi zikhambi ze-aloud40 zisetshenziselwa i-carbon. I-Welding yesitayela sethu se-904l Stud Bolts ingenziwa kusetshenziswa zonke izindlela ezijwayelekile, ngaphezu kwalokho ayidingi ukwelashwa okushisa nokuthunyelwa kokushisa futhi kungamelana nokuqhekeka okushisayo kuma-weldments acindezelwe.

I-ASME B36.19M ingukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwamapayipi ensimbi angenasici, acacisa ubukhulu, ukubekezelelana kanye nezidingo zokukhiqiza amapayipi afakwe emthungo.

I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.

I-SCH40 Monel 400 ipayipi iqokwa njenge-Werkstoff Inombolo engu-2.4360 futhi ayinasi-n04400. I-Alloy 400 Ipayipi elibuye laziwa ngokuthi yi-Monel Alloy 400 ipayipi, i-monel 400 ipayipi & nickel alloy 400 Pipe.
Amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali namashidi namakhoyili

Insimbi engagqwali engama-304 ipayipi amapayipi end akhiqizwa ngokuhambisana ne-ANSI B16.28 mss Sp-43 kanye ne-Welding Bevel Standards Abi B 16.25

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-Al6xn Alloy (uns N08367) iyikhabhoni ephansi, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, i-nitrogen-ethwele "i-super-auntenitic" alloy engenacala.

Ubuningi be-titanium bungama-60% e-60% yensimbi engenasici kanye ne-nickel alloys, lokhu kulondolozwa kwesisindo kwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kuzinhlelo zokusebenza lapho lokhu kubalulekile njenge-aerospace.

Ama-bolts angama-400 namantongomane enziwa nge-nickel-Copper Alloy yokumelana ngokweqile, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimuncu. Okuqukethwe nakho kuqinile futhi kuqinile futhi kungasetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-bolts namantongomane enkonzo yokushisa ephezulu. I-HT Pipe ingumkhiqizi oholayo nomhlinzeki we-Monel 400 bolts namantongomane awo wonke amasayizi nezinhlobo. Phakathi kwezithako kukhona i-carbon, i-aluminium, i-manganese, i-silicon, i-iron, isibabule kanye no-63% nickel kanye ne-28% yethusi. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kunikeza impahla iphuzu eliphakeme elincibilikayo.

Ama-alloys afana ne-monel 400 flanges enza kahle ezindaweni zasolwandle ngenxa yokwakheka kwamakhemikhali. Okuqukethwe yi-Copper kuphakathi kuka-28% no-34% futhi kwaziwa njenge-superelloy ngenxa yokumelana nakho kokugqwala okuhle.

I-Monel 400 Ukuthethelela Izindandatho Disc Disk Shaft Sleeve iqukethe amanani ama-manganese

Insimbi engenasici inokumelana kahle nokugqwala, kungenza amalungu enhlaka unomphela awenze ubuqotho bobunjiniyela.

Insimbi engama-304 engenasici iyinsimbi evame kakhulu engenacala. Insimbi iqukethe zombili i-chromium (phakathi kuka-18% no-20%) kanye ne-nickel (phakathi kuka-8% kanye ne-10,5%) [1] izinsimbi njengezicini ezingezona zensimbi. Yinsimbi e-auntenitic engagqwali. Uma kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa, i-SS304 kungatholakala ekhishini emigceni kanye neminye imisebenzi efana nama-aposta kanye nama-microwave oveni. I-SS304 nayo isetshenziselwa ukwenza imithambo yengcindezi, izembozo zamasondo kanye nokwakha ama-facade.

I-Super Dumplex Stud Stud Bolt iyatholakala ngobude obusuka ku-2mm kuya ku-200mm futhi inamanani aphezulu anamandla. I-Super Duplex S32750 iyi-Dumplex Ferlex Ferritic, Auntenitic Graind Ibanga elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ama-Stud Bolts.

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.

I-Inxotel Alloy 600 tubing yenziwa kusuka ku-non-chromium alloy eyaziwa ngokuthi ukumelana kwayo okuhle koxidation emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Eqinisweni, i-Incontel Alloy 600 (ANC N06600) yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa kusuka ku-Crygenic kuya kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kuze kube yilapho kudlula ama-deginis angama-600 anezinkinga eziphakeme ngokusebenza okuhle, futhi kuyabonakala ngaphandle kobunzima. Infol? I-Alloy 600 ayikholeki lukhuni, lukhuni futhi luqiniswa kuphela ngomsebenzi obandayo.

Super Dumplex Steel Breadless S32750 1.4410 F53 Full Thread stud Bolt Din975

Ibanga le-304L lisetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezokukhiqiza futhi wonke amasu ajwayelekile we-welding angasetshenziselwa ipuleti engu-304l kanye nepayipi le-304l. I- "L" ku-304l imele "okuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni" futhi ikhombisa okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni ka-0.035%. I- "H" ku-304h imele "okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni", okusho ukuthi okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni akuyona ngaphansi kuka-0.04% hhayi ngaphezulu kwe-0.10%.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

Kusukela amapayipi ensimbi angenasici angama-304 angu-alloy lapho okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ewela phakathi kobuncane be-18% kuya ku-20%, i-Metal yakha ubulungiswa be-onide olungiselelayo ongezansi kwamapayipi.
Incoloy 800h flange
Ikhaya »
Isiphepheli
I-Indonesia
I-Scottish Gaelic
I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
Amapuleti ensimbi Dupplex & Amashidi namakhoyili
Ipayipi lensimbi ne-tube
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy c2000 ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ubude: Ngokwesidingo sakho. "

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwamafutha okuphuma olwandle kanye negesi \ Prokhiqiteleni kanye nakushintshile ekushiseni ku-petrochemical \ ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.
Incoloy 800h flange
Ikhaya »
Isiphepheli
I-Indonesia
I-Scottish Gaelic
I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
Amapuleti ensimbi Dupplex & Amashidi namakhoyili
Ipayipi lensimbi ne-tube
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
C2000 hastelloy alloy tubing hastelloy c2000 ipayipi elingenamthungo
Ukumelana nokungamelana ne-600 amapayipi ama-antioxidant

Ku-mumbai fanotry yethu, sikhiqiza i-radius ende (LR, LRE) ipayipi lepayipi le-A234 I-Radius of Curvature yi-1.5 i-Curvature ububanzi (R = 1.5D).

Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-316l yenziwa ngohlobo lwe-carbon oluphansi lwe-316 grade engenasici insimbi engenacala. Inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni okungu-0,03% kuphela, kanti kungu-0.08% webanga lama-316 grade ss. I-316L SS Round Bar inikezela ukumelana okungcono kokugqwala futhi ilungele kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza zokushisa eziphakeme.
Amalangabi ensimbi engagqwali
Ikhaya »
Isiphepheli
I-Indonesia
I-Scottish Gaelic
I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
I-ASME SA106 Pipe ASTM A106 SENAMENT TRESS TRESS TUBE
Ipayipi lensimbi ne-tube
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili

INilo Alloy 36, w.nr 1.3912, i-Invar 36® iyi-nickel-iron, i-alloy elawulwa okuphansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36% futhi anezinga lokunwetshwa kwensimbi ecishe ibe yishumi lensimbi ye-carbon.

Ngaphansi kokushintshanisa i-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa imibandela, ama-alloys angahlushwa i-oxidation ekhethiwe.

Din976 904L-1.4539-N0890-N08904 Black Nature Okungenasici M17 Stud Bolts M24 Nut Hex 904L-1.4539-N08904 N08904 Stud Bolts

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

Ukushisa kwensiza kwensimbi engu-2205 Dumplex Insimbi Engagqwali kufanele kukhawulelwe ngaphansi kuka-600¡ãf. Ukuchayeka isikhathi eside kumazinga okushisa aphezulu kungenza ama-brinkle ensimbi angama-2205.

I-304 iyinhloso ejwayelekile esetshenziswa kabanzi ekwenziweni kwemishini nezingxenye ezidinga izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu (ukumelana nokugqwala). Ukuze ulondoloze ukumelana nokugqwala okungokompi kwensimbi engenasici, insimbi kufanele ibe ne-chromium engaphezu kwe-18% kanye ne-8% nickel. I-304 Insimbi Engagqwali ibanga elingagqwali elikhiqizwa ngokusho kwe-American ASTM Standard.

Ama-S32760 asindayo we-hex amantongomane akhudlwana futhi aqine kunamanto ajwayelekile (aqediwe) amantongomane we-hex. Kunamamaki amaningi futhi iphethini elisindayo ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ububanzi obukhulu kanye nama-bolts aphezulu aphezulu.

I-HT Pipe ingumkhiqizi oholayo we-ASTM A182 Low Alloy Flanges kanye nezinye izinhlobo zama-alloys. I-ASTM Ukucaciswa kwe-182 kucacisa ama-flanges ukuthola izinsizakalo eziphezulu zokucindezela.

I-Alloy 20 (Alloy 20) iyinhlangano ye-autenquitic esekwe ngensimbi eyenzelwe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-sulfuric acid. Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-sulfuric acid corrision; Inokumelana okuqinile kwe-phosphoric acid, i-nitric acid kanye ne-chloride ezindaweni, ukugqwala okucindezela kwe-chloride, ukugqwala okukhonkotha kanye nokugqwala kwe-crack. Ngakho-ke, Alloy 20 unegama le-anti-corriosion alloy; Inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo: njenge: Chemical, ukudla, umuthi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezimboni zepulasitiki kuzoyisebenzisa. Ukuze ukumelana nokugqwala okukhonkotha kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride, izinkinga zokugqwayiza kwengcindezelo, njll., Alloy 20 kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

I-ASTM A240 317 1.4449 2B Phrint Stiress Sheet Sheet 321 316l Sheet- I-Sheet- Plate 304 Coil 304L

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.