Ama-Fasteners e-Carbon

Bangaphinde babe nomthungo emvelweni. Ububanzi bemfihlo bokufakwa komthungo kuvela? amayintshi kuya kuma-intshi angama-24 kanye nokufakwa kwezinsimbi okufuywayo kusuka? amayintshi afinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-120 ubukhulu.

Imvamisa i-ASTM A234 WP9 Elbows, ama-Tees, ama-reducers enziwe ngamapayipi ensimbi, amakhethini enziwe ngamapuleti ajwayelekile ahlanganiswe amapuleti futhi ahlanganisiwe, amanani alolu hlelo lwensimbi ye-WP9 evuthayo i-WP9

I-ASTM A860 MSS SP 75 WPHY 55 Ama-Fittings asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ezifundweni eziphakeme zengcindezelo.Izinhlayiya zamaphayiphu ezi-52 zigobe, i-whbow ppy 52 ugoba, i-mss sp7 why gr 52 ntrem a860 why Ingono yepayipi engu-52.

Ngokungafani nokugoba, ama-elbows anganciphisa ingcindezi esetshenziswe ezindongeni lapho eguqula indlela yokugeleza koketshezi. Izakhiwo ze-WPHY 52 zenza lezi zinto ezifakiwe kube yisixazululo esifanele sezindleko zokonga izimboni ezahlukahlukene.

Ukuze izinhlelo zokusebenza ze-Pers Mill ezidinga amamaki aphansi angenawo ukumelana nokwanele. Kususelwa kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium engama-22%, bane-auntenitic ehlanganisiwe: i-fisscitic fickscucture enikeza amandla amakhulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kwezindleko.

Uyacelwa ukuthi uqinisekise ukuxhumana nathi ukuthola eminye imininingwane ngemikhiqizo efanelekayo yepayipi efana ne-ASTM A860 mss sp 75 wphy 52 Amapayipi okufakelwa kwamapayipi kanye namapayipi awo.

Lezi zinsimbi zensimbi ze-alloy wp22 zikhiqizwa ngenhloso yokuhlinzeka ngokwenza kangcono futhi zifeze zonke izidingo zezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni.I-A234 wpl22 zinamapayipi emigwaqweni, amapayipi, nezinhlelo zamapayipi wamanzi.

Ipayipi lensimbi engenasici
Izakhiwo zemishini zingcono kancane kune-904L, futhi zingasetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemikhumbi yengcindezi kusuka ku--196 kuya ku-400 ¡Ãc.

Kukhona ukufakwa kwamapayipi kwe-a234 we-welded A234 WP9, kukhiqizwa amapayipi e-A234 WP9 avela kumapayipi ensimbi angenamthungo a335 p9, ukufakwa kwamapayipi we-a234 we-A334 asho ukuthi enziwe ngamapayipi anama-welded noma amapuleti wensimbi. Imikhiqizo yethu iqinisekisiwe nge-100%.

Babonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqwala kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene ezilonakalisayo. Thayipha amamaki angama-304 kanye nama-304l wokubukisa amapayipi wensimbi engenasici futhi anezici ezinhle kakhulu zeWeld-Amakhono angenayo noma ngaphandle kokungezwa kwezinsimbi ze-filler.Lolu hlobo lwensimbi luhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu futhi lusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo kanye nezimboni.

I-alloy steel yensimbi A234 WP9 PIPE Ellow itholakala ngokuxhumeka kokuphela kwamapayipi, njengentambo, i-bevelled, isikwele, i-corlod, i-usawoti ku-asloy yensimbi wp9 ingadala lapho i-hydrochloric acid isebenzisana ne-iron nethusi.

1.4529 Ikhodi Yezinombolo ZaseJalimane. Insimbi embi kakhulu ye-Super Dumplex, izakhi eziphambili: 20cr-25ni-6mo-1cu-0,2N ezihambelana ne-United States: N08926, 254smo ...
1.4529 (uns N08926) Unokumelana okuphezulu kakhulu ekugcekeni okukhohlisayo kanye nokugqwala kwama-crevice emithonjeni yezemithombo ye-halide nasezindaweni ezinama-acidic aqukethe isibabulfur ne-hydrogen
Kungamelana ngempumelelo nokugqwayiza kwe-chloride ion ukuqina, futhi kubuye kube nokumelana kahle nokugqwala nokuqina okuhle ku-oxidizing kanye nokunciphisa imidiya.
Kukhona ukunciphisa ama-elbows, ama-radius e-radius elbows kanye nemisebe emifushane endabeni kuleli banga.

I-904L (N08904, 14539) Insimbi ye-Supe Austenitic Engagqwali iqukethe i-14.0-18.0% Chromium, 24.0-26.0% nickel, 4.5% molybdenum. Insimbi engu-904l supen auntenitic stainless esingenacala, i-carbon ephansi, ephezulu, i-molybdenum auntenitic acid acid acid acid, okuyinto ephathelene nenkampani engenisiwe evela enkampanini yaseFrance H¡¤s. Inamandla amahle okusebenza-wokuphambuka, ukumelana kahle nokuphikiswa okunamandla kuma-acid angenangqondo afana ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-crevice ukumelana nokuphikiswa kwengcindezelo. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngezansi kwe-70 ¡Ãc, futhi inokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala ku-acetic acid yanoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejwayelekile, kanye nase-acid exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid.

I-S31803 uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlanganisiwe (ama-UNS) lwensimbi yokuqala yensimbi engenacala. Uhlelo olungeyena lwakhiwa amaqembu amaningi okuhweba ngawo-1970s ukunciphisa ukudideka lapho i-alloy efanayo ibizwa ngezinto ezahlukene, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Insimbi ngayinye imelelwa yincwadi elandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu, lapho incwadi imele uchungechunge lwensimbi, i.e. s ngensimbi engagqwali.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakelwa njengokugoba, ama-tee, iziphambano, ama-weres, ama-cap kanye ne-why 52 ama-wherfide serfs, lapho i-hydrogen service gesi ihlangana namanzi, lapho i-hydrogen molecule ifakwa kumapayipi noma kumapayipi.

Ukucaciswa kwe-UNS S31803 (ASTM F51) kudluliselwe kakhulu yi-UNS S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Lokhu kukhombisa isifiso sabo sokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwenza insimbi ye-AOD, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunzima kokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuthonya izinga lesengezo le-nitrogen kunokuba nje likhona njengento yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, amamaki aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu afuna ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (CR), i-molybdenum (mo) ne-nitrogen (n).

I-S31803 uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlanganisiwe (ama-UNS) lwensimbi yokuqala yensimbi engenacala. Uhlelo olungeyena lwakhiwa amaqembu amaningi okuhweba ngawo-1970s ukunciphisa ukudideka lapho i-alloy efanayo ibizwa ngezinto ezahlukene, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Insimbi ngayinye imelelwa yincwadi elandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu, lapho incwadi imele uchungechunge lwensimbi, i.e. s ngensimbi engagqwali.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakelwa njengokugoba, ama-tee, iziphambano, ama-weres, ama-cap kanye ne-why 52 ama-wherfide serfs, lapho i-hydrogen service gesi ihlangana namanzi, lapho i-hydrogen molecule ifakwa kumapayipi noma kumapayipi.

Ukucaciswa kwe-UNS S31803 (ASTM F51) kudluliselwe kakhulu yi-UNS S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Lokhu kukhombisa isifiso sabo sokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwenza insimbi ye-AOD, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunzima kokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuthonya izinga lesengezo le-nitrogen kunokuba nje likhona njengento yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, amamaki aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu afuna ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (CR), i-molybdenum (mo) ne-nitrogen (n).

I-904L (N08904, 14539) Insimbi ye-Supe Austenitic Engagqwali iqukethe i-14.0-18.0% Chromium, 24.0-26.0% nickel, 4.5% molybdenum. Insimbi engu-904l supen auntenitic stainless esingenacala, i-carbon ephansi, ephezulu, i-molybdenum auntenitic acid acid acid acid, okuyinto ephathelene nenkampani engenisiwe evela enkampanini yaseFrance H¡¤s. Inamandla amahle okusebenza-wokuphambuka, ukumelana kahle nokuphikiswa okunamandla kuma-acid angenangqondo afana ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-crevice ukumelana nokuphikiswa kwengcindezelo. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngezansi kwe-70 ¡Ãc, futhi inokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala ku-acetic acid yanoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejwayelekile, kanye nase-acid exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid.

I-ANS S31254 iyisitatimende se-alloy enomphumela wokulwa nokugqwala, ubuningi bayo bungu-8.0g \ cm3, kanye nephuzu lokuncibilikisa lingu-1320-1390¡). Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-chromium ephezulu ye-chromium kanye ne-nitrogen kwenza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-UNS31254 Ukungezwa kwethusi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala kuma-acid athile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-UNS31254 inokumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwayiza kwengcindezelo ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-nickel kanye nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum.

I-Alloy 32750 i-Super Dumplex Insimbi Engagqwali enikezwe ezimweni ezishisayo ezisebenzayo nezixazululwa. Njengensimbi e-Super Dumplex Trainless, ihlanganisa izici ezifiselekayo zensimbi ye-auntenitic ne-Ferritic. I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekunciphiseni okulinganayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphakeme kanye nama-crevice aphezulu kuma-autenitic kanye nama-stepless sterings cishe yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye namazinga okushisa abucayi ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc engaphezulu kwe-50¡ngä.

I-S31803 uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlanganisiwe (ama-UNS) lwensimbi yokuqala yensimbi engenacala. Uhlelo olungeyena lwakhiwa amaqembu amaningi okuhweba ngawo-1970s ukunciphisa ukudideka lapho i-alloy efanayo ibizwa ngezinto ezahlukene, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Insimbi ngayinye imelelwa yincwadi elandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu, lapho incwadi imele uchungechunge lwensimbi, i.e. s ngensimbi engagqwali.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakelwa njengokugoba, ama-tee, iziphambano, ama-weres, ama-cap kanye ne-why 52 ama-wherfide serfs, lapho i-hydrogen service gesi ihlangana namanzi, lapho i-hydrogen molecule ifakwa kumapayipi noma kumapayipi.

Ukucaciswa kwe-UNS S31803 (ASTM F51) kudluliselwe kakhulu yi-UNS S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Lokhu kukhombisa isifiso sabo sokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwenza insimbi ye-AOD, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunzima kokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuthonya izinga lesengezo le-nitrogen kunokuba nje likhona njengento yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, amamaki aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu afuna ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (CR), i-molybdenum (mo) ne-nitrogen (n).

I-317L (00cr19ni13mo3, ama-S31726) Alloy asuselwa ku-auntenitic asungula Kumelana kakhulu nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kune-chromium-nickel auntenitic insimbi engagqwali efana ne-304 alloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile engenacala, i-317l alloy inokuphumula okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezelo, amandla acindezelayo kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu. Ibanga eliphansi lekhabhoni noma ibanga, elimelana nokuzwela ngesikhathi se-welding kanye nokwelashwa okushisa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-316L, i-317l yensimbi inokumelana kahle kwamanzi olwandle kanye nokumelana kwe-SCC, futhi isetshenziswa emikhunjini yamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye neminye imishini yamakhemikhali edinga ukumelana nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.

I-N04400 iyi-alloy esuselwa ku-nickel-copper esuselwa ku-nickel eyisithupha neyokuthathu. I-Alloy N04400 yaziwa ngokumelana kwayo ezinhlobonhlobo zezimo ezilimazayo, kufaka phakathi izinto ze-alkali (noma ezifana ne-acid), i-brine, i-hydrofluoric acid, ne-sulfuric acid. Ezinye izinzuzo zokusebenzisa le alloy zingubutha namandla aphezulu ngaphezulu kobubanzi bokushisa; Kungabuye kwahlehliselwa ukuba kube yizebulu uma kufiswa.

I-317L (00cr19ni13mo3, ama-S31726) Alloy asuselwa ku-auntenitic asungula Kumelana kakhulu nokugqwala kwamakhemikhali kune-chromium-nickel auntenitic insimbi engagqwali efana ne-304 alloy. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nensimbi evamile engenacala, i-317l alloy inokuphumula okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kwengcindezelo, amandla acindezelayo kanye nokuphikiswa okuphezulu. Ibanga eliphansi lekhabhoni noma ibanga, elimelana nokuzwela ngesikhathi se-welding kanye nokwelashwa okushisa.
Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-316L, i-317l yensimbi inokumelana kahle kwamanzi olwandle kanye nokumelana kwe-SCC, futhi isetshenziswa emikhunjini yamakhemikhali, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali kanye neminye imishini yamakhemikhali edinga ukumelana nokuqina kwamakhemikhali.

I-904L (N08904, 14539) Insimbi ye-Supe Austenitic Engagqwali iqukethe i-14.0-18.0% Chromium, 24.0-26.0% nickel, 4.5% molybdenum. Insimbi engu-904l supen auntenitic stainless esingenacala, i-carbon ephansi, ephezulu, i-molybdenum auntenitic acid acid acid acid, okuyinto ephathelene nenkampani engenisiwe evela enkampanini yaseFrance H¡¤s. Inamandla amahle okusebenza-wokuphambuka, ukumelana kahle nokuphikiswa okunamandla kuma-acid angenangqondo afana ne-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala kwe-crevice ukumelana nokuphikiswa kwengcindezelo. Ilungele ukugxila okuhlukahlukene kwe-sulfuric acid ngezansi kwe-70 ¡Ãc, futhi inokuphikiswa okuhle kokugqwala ku-acetic acid yanoma yikuphi ukugxila kanye nokushisa ngaphansi kwengcindezi ejwayelekile, kanye nase-acid exubile ye-formic acid ne-acetic acid.

I-Alloy 20 (Alloy 20) iyinhlangano ye-autenquitic esekwe ngensimbi eyenzelwe ukumelana nokugqwala kwe-sulfuric acid. Inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kwe-sulfuric acid corrision; Inokumelana okuqinile kwe-phosphoric acid, i-nitric acid kanye ne-chloride ezindaweni, ukugqwala okucindezela kwe-chloride, ukugqwala okukhonkotha kanye nokugqwala kwe-crack. Ngakho-ke, Alloy 20 unegama le-anti-corriosion alloy; Inezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo: njenge: Chemical, ukudla, umuthi, ukukhiqizwa kwamandla kanye nezimboni zepulasitiki kuzoyisebenzisa. Ukuze ukumelana nokugqwala okukhonkotha kanye nokugqwala kwe-chloride, izinkinga zokugqwayiza kwengcindezelo, njll., Alloy 20 kuvame ukusetshenziswa.

Insimbi engama-310s ine-stainless inokumelana kahle kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula 800 [1], liqala ukuthambisa, futhi ingcindezi evunyelwe iqala ukwehla ngokuqhubekayo. Ukushisa okusebenzayo okuphezulu ngu-1200 ¡Ãc. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kweNickel (NI) ne-Chromium (CR), inokumelana ne-oxidation enhle, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana kwe-acid kanye ne-alkali, kanye nokumelana okushisa okuphezulu. Ngemuva kokuqukethwe, amandla athuthukile ngenxa yesizathu sayo esiqinile sokuqinisa umphumela. Izici zamakhemikhali zokwakheka zensimbi ye-auntenitic ezingenasici zisuselwa ku-chromium kanye ne-nickel ngezinto ezifana ne-molybdenum, eTungsten, i-niobium ne-titanium eyengeziwe. Ngakho-ke, inamandla aphezulu kanye namandla okushisa okushisa okuphezulu.

I-S31803 uhlelo lokufaka izinombolo oluhlanganisiwe (ama-UNS) lwensimbi yokuqala yensimbi engenacala. Uhlelo olungeyena lwakhiwa amaqembu amaningi okuhweba ngawo-1970s ukunciphisa ukudideka lapho i-alloy efanayo ibizwa ngezinto ezahlukene, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Insimbi ngayinye imelelwa yincwadi elandelwa izinombolo ezinhlanu, lapho incwadi imele uchungechunge lwensimbi, i.e. s ngensimbi engagqwali.

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zokufakelwa njengokugoba, ama-tee, iziphambano, ama-weres, ama-cap kanye ne-why 52 ama-wherfide serfs, lapho i-hydrogen service gesi ihlangana namanzi, lapho i-hydrogen molecule ifakwa kumapayipi noma kumapayipi.

Ukucaciswa kwe-UNS S31803 (ASTM F51) kudluliselwe kakhulu yi-UNS S32205 (1.4462, ASTM F60). Lokhu kukhombisa isifiso sabo sokwandisa izakhiwo zokugqwala kwe-alloy, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwenqubo yokwenza insimbi ye-AOD, okuvumela ukulawulwa okunzima kokwakheka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvumela ukuthonya izinga lesengezo le-nitrogen kunokuba nje likhona njengento yangemuva. Ngakho-ke, amamaki aphezulu aphezulu kakhulu afuna ukukhulisa okuqukethwe kwe-chromium (CR), i-molybdenum (mo) ne-nitrogen (n).

I-S32750 (2507) iyinsimbi engenacala elixakile elihlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ze-Ferritic ne-Autenitic Steel. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum, kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle nokuphamba, i-crevice kanye nokugqwala okufanayo. Lesi sigaba sesigaba ezimbili i-miscreacture siqinisekisa ukuthi le nsimbi inokumelana okuphezulu ekuqhekekeni kwengcindezelo nokuqhekeka okuphezulu kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inezici zokumelana okuqinile kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukuqina okuphezulu okushisayo kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu okuphezulu kokunwebeka.

I-S32205 insimbi engenacala e-duplex nge-kabili amandla ensimbi ye-auntenitic engagqwali. Insimbi engenacala ebiyelwe i-Chromium engama-21%, i-2,5% molybdenum kanye ne-4,5% nickel-nitrogen alloy. Inamandla aphezulu, ithonya elihle lomthelela kanye nokuphikiswa okuhle okuphelele kanye nokungamelana nengcindezi yendawo. Amandla okuvuselela ama-Dumplex Ama-Stepless Steres aphindwe kabili kwelensimbi e-auntenitic engenasici, isici esivumela abaklami ukuthi banciphise isisindo lapho behlela imikhiqizo, okwenza lokhu kubiza kakhulu ngaphezu kwama-316, 317l. Le alloy ilungele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa ku-the-50¡Ãf \ + 600¡ãf izinga lokushisa. Ngezicelo ezingaphandle kwaleli banga lokushisa, le alloy nayo ingabhekwa, kepha kukhona ukulinganiselwa, ikakhulukazi uma isetshenziswa ezinhlakeni ezinama-welded. Insimbi engenacala ye-Duplex inamandla amahlandla aphindwe kabili ngokuqhathaniswa nensimbi engenacala, futhi abaqambi banganciphisa isisindo sayo uma kuqhathaniswa nama-316L kanye nama-317l. I-Alloy 2205 ilungele ukusetshenziswa ku-the-50¡Ãf

I-S32750 (2507) iyinsimbi engenacala elixakile elihlanganisa izindawo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu ze-Ferritic ne-Autenitic Steel. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum, kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle nokuphamba, i-crevice kanye nokugqwala okufanayo. Lesi sigaba sesigaba ezimbili i-miscreacture siqinisekisa ukuthi le nsimbi inokumelana okuphezulu ekuqhekekeni kwengcindezelo nokuqhekeka okuphezulu kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi inezici zokumelana okuqinile kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukuqina okuphezulu okushisayo kanye nokukhishwa okuphezulu okuphezulu kokunwebeka.

I-Hastelloyc-276 (Hastelloy) iyi-tungsten-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy enokuqukethwe okuphansi kakhulu kwe-silicon-carbon futhi kubhekwa njenge-aluminion-anluminion ezungeze i-aluminion-anluminion aluminion alloy. I-chlorine ebaluleke kakhulu yomswakama, ama-fluorides asemqoka ahlukahlukene, ama-fluorides ahlukahlukene amoya, ama-aidropyy titanate solutions, usawoti we-hydrochloric kanye nosawoti womoya, ube nokumelana kahle nokushisa okuphansi kwe-sulfuric acid. Ngakho-ke, eminyakeni engama-30 edlule, isetshenziswe kabanzi ezindaweni ezingokwemvelo ezithwala ngokweqile ezinjengezitshalo zamakhemikhali, ama-petrochemicals, i-flue ges defelfurization, imboni ye-pulp nephepha, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Ukufakwa kwamapayipi wensimbi

I-aluminium alloy inezici ezilandelayo: ¢ úit inokumelana kahle nokugqwala okukhonkotha, kungenalutho nokugqwala kanye nokugqwala komoya. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kuka-Mo no-CR kwenza i-alloy ye-aluminium imelane nokugqwala ngokuqukethwe kwe-chloride ion, futhi into eqhubeka ithuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-Hastelloy C-276 aluminium Alloy ingenye kuphela izinhlobo zezinto ezingavuthiwe ezimelana namanzi chlorine, hypochlorite kanye ne-chlorine dioxide izixazululo ezigcwele. Isixazululo se-Ester sinokumelana okusobala kokugqwala. Ngenye yezinto ezimbalwa eziluhlaza ezingasetshenziswa njengekhambi elishisayo le-sulfuric acid.