Amalangabi ensimbi engagqwali

I-A789 EXS S31803 ne-UNS S32205 amamaki amabili wensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kabanzi kwizicelo ezahlukahlukene zezimboni. Lawa mapayipi we-Duplex S31803 ayaziwa ngokumelana kwawo okuhle kakhulu, amandla aphezulu, nokushiswa okuhle. I-A789 ingukucaciswa okuhlanganisa amashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded enziwe ngensimbi engenacala.

Amashubhu we-Hastelloy C2000 asetshenziswa ezinhlotsheni ezibanzi zezimboni ezifaka ukucubungula kwe-petrochemical, ukukhiqiza imishini yamakhemikhali, ama-oyela wokuhlanza kanye nezitshalo zamandla.

Amashubhu angenamthungo angama-600 angenamthungo we-Ex Enc N06600 ne-ASTM B167 yibo abakhiqizwayo ukuze bagxile ekucindezelweni okukhulu ngokweqile futhi beze newaranti enkulu.

I-C-22 isetshenziswa emithonjeni ye-Crolosive enkulu nge-chloride ephezulu kanye nezicelo zokushisa ezifana nezixazululo ze-buffer, izithako ezisebenzayo zemithi (API), indwangu ethambile, indwangu ethambile, izinsiza zokuhlanza, kanye nenhlanzi, soya ne-chili sauce.

I-Alloy 800 iyi-nickel-iron-chromium alloy enamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana okuhle ne-oxidation kanye nokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. I-ASTM B407 EX N08800 Incoloy 800 W. NR. 1.4876 Ipayipi eline-welded lisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwemishini edinga ukumelana nokuvutha, ukumelana nokushisa, amandla, nokuqina kwenkonzo kuze kube ngu-1500 ° F (816 ° C).

Ama-fastener wensimbi engagqwali
Imigoqo eyindilinga engama-625 ingakhiqizwa kufomu le-bar elisebenzele elishisayo nge-ASTM B446 ecacisiwe. Lezi zakhiwo ezichazwe yi-ASTM B446 ngo-2.4856 I-Infolmel 625 hexagonal bar ifaka amandla ashukumisayo, ithela amandla okuvutha kanye nezakhiwo ezibucayi zezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ama-N083367 futhi abizwa futhi njengoba i-alroy al6xn iyikhabhoni ephansi, ubumsulwa obuphezulu, ubumsulwa be-nitrogen-auntenitic "ama-nickel-molybdenum alloy ane-chloride pittipt kanye ne-crevice corrision.

I-Alloy 800 Weld Teld Flanges Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

I-Stainless Steel 304 Ama-Flinses ayindlela yokuxhuma amapayipi, ama-valve, amaphampu neminye imishini yokwakha uhlelo lwamapayipi. Kusiza nokuhlanza, ukuhlola noma ukuguqulwa. I-Stainless yensimbi engama-304 yenziwa kusuka ku-18 \ 8 Chrome-Nickel Auntenituc Auntenitic Autenitic anloy engenacala kakhulu ezisetshenziselwa insimbi engagqwali.

I-Alloy Steel Pepe ne-Tube
Ama-flanges ensimbi alloy
Iyakwazi ukubekezelela uhla olubanzi lwamakhemikhali we-oxidizing kanye nama-non-oxidizing, futhi kukhombisa ukumelana okuvelele ekuhlaselweni okukhonkotha nokukhohlisa phambi kwama-chlorides namanye ama-halide.
304 201 311 Ipayipi lensimbi engenasici

I-Alkel-Cont-based Alloy 400 Monel 2.4360 Indukulela ebandayo ebandayo engu-400 I-Monel 400 iyi-alloy yethusi ne-nickel esekelwe ethandwa namuhla ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okuphezulu. I-alloy ine-acid enhle kakhulu ne-alkali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inamandla amahle ashubile, i-decticity, ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu okushisayo, futhi kungaqiniswa ngokusebenza kubanda. Ngokwengeziwe, ingasetshenziswa kuzinhlelo zokusebenza ezinamazinga okushisa asukela ku-minus kuya kuma-538 degrees Celsius.

I-Hastelloy B3 Threaded Flange (uns N10675) inokumelana okukhulu nomugqa we-Knife ¨c umugqa nokushisa okuhlaselwa yi-¨c. I-Hastelloy B3 Slip on Flange ine-chemistry ekhethekile eyenzelwe ukufeza ukuqina okukhulu okushisayo kune-B-2 alloy, okuholela ekubumbeni okulula. I-Hastelloy B3 Spectacle Flanges ebonile inokumelana kahle nokuphikiswa kwe-oxidation.

UZeron 100 umelana kakhulu nokugqwala ohlwini oluhlukahlukene lwe-organic kanye ne-inorganic acid. Okuqukethwe yi-Copper kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kakhulu ekugqwaneni kuma-acid amaningi angezifiso. Le alloy nayo imelana kakhulu ne-alkalis eqinile.

Zingasetshenziswa emithanjeni yokucindezela enodonga lokushisa lwama-degree angama-800 F. Baphinde banikeze ukumelana okuhle ekuqhekekeni kwengcindezi.

I-SCH40 Monel 400 ipayipi iqokwa njenge-Werkstoff Inombolo engu-2.4360 futhi ayinasi-n04400. I-Alloy 400 Ipayipi elibuye laziwa ngokuthi yi-Monel Alloy 400 ipayipi, i-monel 400 ipayipi & nickel alloy 400 Pipe.

I-316l 1.4401 S31603 I-STIANCLEENT I-PIPE I-PIRELLELEKILE KAKHULU KAKHULU KAKHULU KANYE NOKUQHAWULA KAKHULU KWAMAHHALA OKUSHINTSHA KULULA KWEZINHLOBO ZOKUXHUMANA NOKUthengisa. Le SS EX C31603 Pipe yenziwa ngekhwalithi ephezulu 316l insimbi engagqwali engenacala ngokumelana kahle nokugqwala, i-oxidation kanye nokubala, okwenza kube kuhle ngezindawo ezinokhahlo noma izinhlelo zokusebenza eziphezulu.

Isetshenziswa kabanzi ekuhlolweni kwamafutha okuphuma olwandle kanye negesi \ Prokhiqiteleni kanye nakushintshile ekushiseni ku-petrochemical \ ukucubungula kwamakhemikhali.

ASTM A213 I-IP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP3TI, I-PP310, NO8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8926, No8946

Ukunwetshwa okulungiselelwe i-iron-nickel-cobalt alloys, ama-kovar alloys, ube nokwanda okunezinwele okuqondile okufana nalokho kwengilazi enzima ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokushisa obuthile

I-ASTM A213 i-IPP30 I-STPLELEKILE Amapayipi angenamthungo akhiqizwa ngenqubo engenamthungo yokusetshenziswa ezindaweni eziphakeme zengcindezi, i-stainless iron tube ^ ^ Efw ^ ^ ukuqeda okuveziwe, isiphetho esisobala

Hastelloy C22, eyaziwa nangokuthi Alloy C22, iyinhloso ejwayelekile Auntenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy ngokuvikelwa okuthuthukile kokuphamba, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kwengcindezelo. Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium ephezulu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana ne-oxidation okuhle, kanti okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-tungsten kunikeza ukumelana okuhle kokuncipha. I-Hastelloy C22 Alloy nayo inokumelana kahle ne-oxidizing aqualing media media, kufaka phakathi ama-chlorine amamanzi ne-nitric acid-equkethe izingxube noma ama-aciding aciding aqukethe ama-chloride ion.

I-HT ASTM B366 WPHC276 N10276-S 2 SCH10S 90 degree LR ASME B16.9 Heat No 67428
I-Butt Weld Pipe Fitting yenzelwe ukuthi ifakwe kwisayithi ezindaweni zayo (ama) ukuxhuma amapayipi (s) ndawonye futhi avumele ushintsho kububanzi obuhle noma ngepayipi, noma ephepheni noma ekuphelisweni.
\ 5 ^ kususelwa ku-

Ama-washers ayi-625 ama-washers afudumele anikela ngokumelana kahle kokugqwala emazingeni okushisa aphakeme kanye nokuqina okushisa ngo-2200¡ãf. Baphinde bagcine amandla abo futhi bamelana nokushisa nangaphandle kwezimo ezilimazayo. Lokhu kwenza lawa ma-washers acwebile alungele izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisukela ezihlathini zokushisa ezisetshenziselwa amanzi anosawoti.

Incoloy 800h Flange Sinedumela eliqinile embonini ngokukhiqiza ama-flanges asezingeni eliphakeme lezinhlobo ezahlukene ezizohambisana nezidingo zamakhasimende ethu. Sikhiqiza incoloy 800 Flanges ethembekile futhi ephezulu ngekhwalithi. Sisebenzisa izinsizakusebenza ze-premium kanye nemishini ethuthukile yokukhiqiza i-ASTM B564 ANC N08800 Incoloy 800 Flangetes.

Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 elingagqwali liye laba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wezimboni. Le alloy yensimbi ne-chrome yamukelwa ngokumelana kwayo okuphezulu ekugqwaneni, kanye nokuqina kwayo. 316 I-tubing yensimbi engagqwali ingakhiqizwa kumashubhu angenamthungo nama-welded ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zamakhasimende athile.

I-nickel based 800 incoloy hexagonal Pipe yaziwa ukuthi imelana nokugqwala okuhle. Ngokukhuluma ngokuqondile, ipayipi le-Incoloy 800 linikeza ukumelana okwanele ngokumelene nobabili ukuthuthuka kanye nokugqwala koxidation.

Lokhu kufanele kube yingxenye yohlelo lokuhambisa uketshezi (uwoyela, igesi, umusi, amakhemikhali, ...) ngendlela ephephile futhi ephumelelayo, amabanga amafushane noma amade.

I-flange ingaba yipuleti lokumboza noma ukuvala ukuphela kwepayipi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-flange eyimpumputhe. Ngakho-ke, ama-flanges abhekwa njengezakhi zangaphakathi ezisetshenziselwa ukusekela izingxenye zemishini.

Amapayipi angama-304 enziwe ngensimbi engama-304 engagqwali, impahla ejwayelekile futhi ethandwayo kuzinhlelo eziningi zezimboni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala kanye noximation. Lawa mapayipi amapayipi e-S30400 ahlanganiswe asebenzisa imishini ekhethekile nezinqubo, eziqinisekisa ukuthi zinembe kakhulu futhi zithembekile.

Ama-bolts namantongomane awela ngaphansi kwe-ASTM B166 Ukucaciswa komsebenzi oshisayo nobandayo wokusebenza kwe-600 ibha, ama-bar bolts namantongomane. Izindinganiso ziyahlukahluka kusuka ku-DIN, ASTM, BS nawo wonke amanye amazinga aphesheya. Ama-fasteners angama-600 angama-600 angahluka ngobude obude obungokwezifiso kanye ne-3mm kuya ku-200mm, futhi futhi ngosayizi abavela ku-M36 no-3 \ 6 "kuya ku-2". Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-bolts namantongomane kuma-fasteners we-alloy angama-600 afana nama-t-nuts, amantongomane wephaneli, amantongomane ahlangana nama-lag kanye ne-hex bolts.

ASTM A269TP304, I-IPP304L, I-IPP316L, I-IPP315L, S345L, No8929, No8926 AS377, No5926 AS377, No8926 AS377, No5927, No5926 AS377, No8926, AS316, AS316 I-AS397 ASCM N08925

Amapayipi okucushwa komthungo anamandla aphezulu athwala umthwalo namandla ngaphezu kwamanye amamaki.

I-Al6XN iyinsimbi e-superAustonitic engenacala ngokumelana okuvelele kokuphamba kwe-chloride, ukugqwala kwe-crevice kanye nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwengcindezelo. I-Al6xn ingu-Aloy ayi-6 olwenzelwe futhi asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinolaka kakhulu. Ine-nickel ephezulu (24%), i-molybdenum (6.3%), i-nitrogen kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-chromium okunikeza ukumelana kahle nokuqhekeka kokugqwala kwe-chloride, i-chloride ukumelana, kanye nokuphikiswa okujwayelekile kokugqwala. I-Al6xn isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukumelana nokugqwala kwayo okuthuthukile kanye ne-crevice in clorides. Kuyinsimbi enobunzima futhi engakhathali.

Ukuze udlulise ipayipi, kuyadingeka ukususa i-hose eqondile epayipini. Lapho usebenzisa amapayipi ahlukahlukene, kufanele kusetshenziswe amapayipi ahlukahlukene. Lapho kusetshenziswa ipayipi, i-elbow kumele isetshenziselwe ukushintsha usayizi wepayipi. Lapho u-bifurcating, ipayipi elinezindlela ezintathu i-Flange uxhumano olusetshenzisiwe lapho i-joint isetshenziswa ama-pipeline ahlukahlukene amahle, ukuze ifinyelele ekukhuliseni okuhlangene noma ukugcwaliswa okuhlangene okuhlangene noma ukukhishwa okusebenzayo okubandayo kanye nokuhlangana okubandayo okuhlanganisiwe kusetshenziselwa ukuxhumana kwepayipi. , Ekuxhumaneni kwamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, kukhona nezixhumi nama-plugs esigaba sensimbi.

Ama-Flango ensimbi ahlinzeka ngokufinyelela okulula kokuhlanza, ukuhlola noma ukuguqulwa. Imvamisa ziza ngezimo eziyindilinga kepha nazo zingafika ngezindlela zesikwele nezinxantathu. Ama-flanges ahlanganiswe komunye nomunye ngokubopha futhi ajoyine ohlelweni lwamapayipi ngokushiswa noma ethangothini futhi aklanyelwe izilinganiso ezithile zengcindezelo; I-150LB, 300LB, 400LB, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB no-2500lb.

I-Inxotemensi 718 Flange yokulungiswa okuphansi. Lawa ama-flanges kulula ukuwafaka. Baqukethe amandla amaningi futhi umkhiqizo unempilo ende. Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ukuqina kwawo kanye nokuvumelana nezimo kwenza ama-flangese alungele.

Kukhombisa ukumelana okuhle ezindaweni ezingathathi hlangothi nezinciphisa. Le alloy yakha i-oxide enobuhlakani, ifilimu evikelayo engahambisani, kepha igcina ukumelana ne-opidation ephakeme emazingeni okushisa anyukayo.

I-Alloys Steel SA 182 F9 Bar iyibha yensimbi ye-folritic alloy, okunye okuqukethwe kubhekwa. Lemigoqo yimigoqo ebiyelwe insimbi ephethwe ngokushisa okuphezulu nengcindezelo.

Izengezo ze-titanium qinisa i-alloy ngokumelene nokugqwala kokuqina kokuthambekela ngokwelashwa okushisa kahle. Ukumelana kwe-incoloy? I-825 kuya kokonakala okujwayelekile nokwenziwe kwasendaweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukahlukene kwenza i-alloy iguquguqukayo.

I-INTRR 36® iyinsimbi ye-nickel-i-iron, i-alloy ephansi ephansi equkethe ama-nickel angama-36%, i-invar 36 ine-coeffied ephansi yokunwebeka kusuka kumazinga okushisa angu-500 ° F (260 ° C).

Izindawo ezithinteke kakhulu ukushisa zinciphise imvula ye-carbides nezinye izigaba ukuqinisekisa ukumelana nokugqwala okufanayo.

I-CU NI Alloy Pipe Fighting Elbow Tee Cap Reducer Flange ASME SB 466 USN C70600 DICUCER

Ama-alloys amelana nawo aphikisayo asetshenziswa kabanzi yizimboni zokucubungula amakhemikhali. Isidingo sokusebenza okuthembekile siholela ekwamukelweni nasekukhuleni kwazo ezindaweni zamandla, ezempilo kanye nezemvelo, uwoyela kanye negesi, amakhemikhali kanye negesi yokuhlanza igesi.

304 \ 304l I-Pipe engenasici asetshenziswa njengensimbi engasho lutho ngokushisa emishini yokudla, imishini yamakhemikhali ajwayelekile, nemishini ye-athomu yamandla e-athomu. Ukumelana nokugqwala kwensimbi engu-304 \ 304l insimbi engenacala kunamandla kunalolo cwaningo olungama-200. Ukushisa okuphezulu kungcono futhi, kungaba phezulu njenge-1000-1200 degrees. Insimbi engagqwali inokumelana kahle nokugqwala okuhle nokumelana kahle nokugqwala komoya.

I-ANSI B16.11 I-Hastelloy B2 plugs inokumelana kahle ne-oxidizing aqualizing a matealie media kufaka phakathi i-chlorine enamanzi nokuxubanisa kufaka i-oxidizing noma i-nitric acid.

Lokhu kuhlinzeka ngokumelana okuthuthukiswe kakhulu ku-sulfuric acid. Futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-chromium, ukukhulisa ukumelana kwayo kumakhemikhali oxidizing kanye nemifudlana yenqubo engcoliswe ngama-forric ion kanye ne-oksijini encibilikisiwe.

I-UNS N10276 I-Pipe Bend inikezela ukumelana nokugqwala okujwayelekile njengokuphamba nokugqwala kwe-crevice

I-ASTM A312 I-IPP316 iyincazelo ejwayelekile ye-seamless engenamthungo, i-suuntenicled auntenitic esetshenzisiwe amapayipi wensimbi angenamikhawulo asetshenziswa ezisetshenzisweni ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokushisa kanye nezinsizakalo ezijwayelekile. Ipayipi lensimbi engama-316 le-seamless lensimbi lenziwa ngenhlanganisela ye-chromium, i-nickel, kanye ne-molybdenum, enikeza i-SS 316 i-seamless tube ukumelana kahle nokugqwala.
I-Butt Weld Pipe Fittings
Insimbi yekhabhoni
jcopipe.com
Xhumana nathi
Ama-fastener wensimbi
I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
Amapuleti ensimbi engagqwali namashidi namakhoyili
I-Alloy Steel Fasteners
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili

I-ASTM A240 Type 2205 Plate ipuleti yensimbi engenacala esetshenziswa kakhulu ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene ezinjengezimboni zamakhemikhali, i-oyela negesi ehloliwe. ISA 240 GR 2205 Sheet yenziwa ngeBanga 2205 Insimbi Engagqwali, okuyinhlanganisela yensimbi ye-ferrititic ne-auntenitic.

I-Hastelloy C2000 iyatholakala ngosayizi nobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, lolu hlobo lwe-nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy ludume ngamandla alo aphakeme nokuphikiswa kokugqwala.

I-N08825 Slip-on Flange-on i-Flange incoloy 825 FLANES (UNS N08825) ihlanganiswa ngokungezwa kwe-molybdenum, ithusi, ne-titanium ku-nickel-iron-chromium base. Izinsimbi ezengeziwe zinika ukungamelana nokuvinjwa okuyingqayizivele okungu-825 Flind Fliange ngokumelene nokugqwala, okuphezulu kakhulu kunakwezinye izindlela ze-nickel.

Thenga ipuleti le-Dumplex Tuplex, 2205 Dumplex Dumplex Insimbi yeplate yomenzi waseChina, SA-240 Duplex 2205 Plate abahlinzeki ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

I-Incons 718 yi-alloy esekelwe e-nickel-chromium evame ukusetshenziswa ezinhlalweni eziphakeme zokushisa ezinjenge-aerospace negesi turbines. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-ASTM B670 Incontel 718 Ishidi le-Plate Rolling. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziphambili zamapuleti we-Incon 718 atholakala emakethe: Amapuleti ashisayo asongwe namakhaza.

I-Chromium ephakeme, okuqukethwe kwe-molybdenum kanye ne-nitrogen kuphumela ekumelaneni kwe-pipling okulinganiselayo (pren)> 40, ukuhlinzeka ngamakhono wokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nama-creplex ama-stainles cishe kuyo yonke imithombo yezindaba eqinile, kanye nokushisa okubucayi okuphezulu ngenhla kwe-50¡ngÃc ngaphezulu kwe-50¡ngÃc.

I-Nickel 200 Flinges the nickel 200 Flanges ayahlala isikhathi eside, aqinile, futhi abe nokuqeda okuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ASTM B564 ANS N02200 Flanges Blind
Incoloy 800h flange
Insimbi yekhabhoni
jcopipe.com
Xhumana nathi
Ama-fastener wensimbi
I-Nickel Alloy Pipe neThubhu
I-Carbon Steel Flange Class 300 Flange
I-Alloy Steel Fasteners
Amapuleti ensimbi namashidi namakhoyili
Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-Rolling \ Umsebenzi oshisayo, ukugoqa okubandayo
Ipayipi elingama-316, ipayipi le-S31600, ipayipi lensimbi engagqwali

Ukufakwa kwezickel kweCopper kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-Curpo Nickel Fittings (CU-NI Fittings), I-Copper Nickel C71500 (70 \ 30) kanye ne-90 \ 1. I-Simplex inikezela ngomugqa ogcwele wokufakwa kwamapayipi we-Copper anjenge-Copper-Nickel Exbs C71500 elbows, ithusi-nickel (CU-NICKEL (CU-NICKEL STUBS, ama-Coupper-Nickel Elbows, ama-Copper-Nickel Elbows kanye neCopper-Nickel Closes.

Kune-ASTM evamile kakhulu ye-ASTM A234 WPB Ellow isemfunweni ikakhulukazi, i-45¡Ã, 90¡Ã no-180¡Ã futhi 180¡Ã futhi 180¡Ã elbows, bobathathu kunguqulo "ende Radius" kanye no-180¡Ã no-180¡Ã no-180¡Ã futhi ngo-180¡Ã elbows zombili inguqulo "emfushane radius" version.

Hastelloy c-22 (uns n06022) ukugoba kwamapayipi kanye nokufakwa esitokisini, okuvumela ukuguquguquka okusheshayo. I-Hastelloy C-22 inokumelana kahle ne-oxidizing aqualing maidia media kufaka phakathi i-chlorine emanzi nokuxubanisa okuqukethe ama-nitric acid noma ama-acidies ngama-chlorine ion.

I-SMO 254 Amapayipi angamelana nengcindezi emishini ephezulu kanye ne-alloy 254 SMO Pipe TRESHERE TRESHERE PRESHERE EMATHELO EZIQHAWULEKILE KANYE NEMIPHUMELA EBONAKALAYO.

304, 304H no-304l bonke bane-chromium efanayo ye-chomium kanye ne-nickel futhi ngenxa yalokho banokuphikiswa okufanayo kokugqwala, ukukhululeka kokuyala nokushaywa kwe-welduaty.

I-Coil 625 Coil ibonakala ngokumelana kwayo okuhle kwi-oxidation, ukugqwala okushisa kakhulu nokukhathala. I-ASTM B443 EX N06625 INCONEM PLATTE isetshenziswa kabanzi e-Aerospace, ukucubungula amakhemikhali kanye namafutha kanye negesi ngenxa yamandla ayo aphakeme, izinkambiso nokuqina okuphezulu.