304 309s 310s 316L 316

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Ntchito iliyonse yogwira ntchito yozizira imawonjezera mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa zinthuzo, ndipo zimangosiya maginito pang'ono. Aisi 304h amatha kupangidwa mu 1700-2200 ° F CIOR.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Astm A333 GR.6 SROAM STEL PIPS RIPHOB ASTM AS333 TRW chitoliro
Titaniyamu imawerengedwa kuti ndi chitsulo champhamvu chokhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu ya 434 pa yomwe imapangitsa 63,000 psi yomwe imakhala yofanana ndi mphamvu ya chitsulo chochepa kwambiri.
\ / 5 kutengera

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
F5 A182 chitoliro chimakonda kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino pakati pa zitsulo zina zitsulo m'gulu lomwelo. Imakhala ndi mtengo wokwera komanso mphamvu yayikulu. ASMM A182 ndiye lingaliro lamphamvu kwa chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chimapangidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi dzimbiri.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium yolimba kapena chromium ndi kuphatikizika kwa nickel. Mitundu ya chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimaphatikizapo chipika chosawoneka bwino komanso zowoneka bwino zamagetsi zamagetsi, komanso chitoliro chowoneka bwino komanso chitoliro cha chipilala champhamvu.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Montel K500 ndi chitsulo chamkuntho chomwe chimaphatikiza bwino kutsutsana ndi mawonekedwe a Moresion 400 ndi mwayi wowonjezera wolimba kwambiri ndi mphamvu yayikulu ndi kuuma.

304 309s 310s 316L 316l 316 Chitsulo Chopanda Chipata Chosakhazikika

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Inteiums 600 ndi chromium-nickel alnoy amapangidwa kuti agwiritse ntchito kutentha mpaka 2000Fãf ndi pansi mpaka milingo ya crlogenic.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Nilo \ / alloy k W.NR.: 1.3981
ASSE: K94610 Astm F15
304 Ndipo 304l ndi alustetic wamba, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti njira yokhazikika ya carbide kapena kaboni mu chitsulo imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka chosapanga dzimbiri.
Asme B36.19M Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri

Zida zozungulira 625 zitha kupangidwa mu mawonekedwe ogwirira ntchito ogwirira ntchito ku AstM B446. Izi katundu wotchulidwa ndi ASTM B446 ya 2.4856 Intleel 625 SEXELENE 625 SEXEAL SAREARE Phatikizani mphamvu yakuwoneka, imapereka mphamvu ndi zinthu zina mwazinthu.

Njira yothetsera matenda a 304 \ / / / /2l Kutentha kozizira kwa anthu ozizira ndi 850-970 ¡Ã c, ndipo madzi ozizira pambuyo pa nthawi inayake. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ndi austete pambuyo pa njira ya mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala njira zochepa.

S327660 ilinso ndi mphamvu zazikulu komanso zauzimu. Ili ndi 10% yopepuka kuposa chitsulo 316, chabwino pakugwiritsa ntchito sur-zero, komanso mtengo wokwera kwambiri kuposa ma entows. Gulu la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri la F55 limatha kupangidwa mosavuta ndikuwombedwa.

Alloy A286 ndi mpweya wowuma wophatikiza mphamvu zazikulu komanso zotsutsana zabwino, zoyipa zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimapangidwira mpaka 1300Fet (704FE) mphamvu yayikulu yopendekera. Incoloy Anpoy A286 ndi chitsulo-nickel-chromium-chromivitic chitsulo cha Austetic ndi zowonjezera za Molybdenum ndi Titanium. A286 Alloy amadziwika chifukwa champhamvu ndi kukana kwake, makamaka pamatenthedwe mpaka 1300¡c (700¡c).

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.
Kuimbira 36: Opanda K93600, W.NR 1.3912

Gulu la kalasi 310s chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chomwe chili ndi mpweya wotsika, wokhala ndi ma nickel ndi chromium

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

ASTM B443 SIMNA SI06625 Plate Icteel 625 Coil Wopanga

Zoyenera zimapangidwa kenako kutentha mpaka kutentha kwambiri ndikuyamba kuzizira kwambiri mpaka kuzizira. Izi zozizirazi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya zojambula zosapanga dzimbiri ndikuwapangitsa kukhala olimba. Ma SS 310s oyenerera amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ngati madzi am'madzi, mafuta am'mimba ozungulira komanso pompopompo. 310s ss zolimbitsa thupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makalasi osiyanasiyana kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso.
Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Zitsulo zoyambirira zimapangidwa koyambirira kwa ziphuphu zazing'ono. Amakhala ndi mphamvu zofanana ndi zokhazikika, koma kutopa kwawo kumakhala 50% kuposa ma stage owirikiza kawiri.

Zitsulo zopangira zimapereka mwayi woyenera kuyeretsa, kuyeserera kapena kusintha. Nthawi zambiri amabwera motsatana koma amathanso kubwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana komanso amakona. Ma flanges amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pobowola komanso wolumikizidwa ndi makina opukusa ndi kuwotcherera kapena kuluma ndipo amapangidwira kusokonekera kwamphamvu; 150lb, 300lb, 400lb, 600LB, 900LB, 1500LB ndi 2500Lb.

Akampani opanga Tele ala m'mazaka zochepa zapitazi ndipo pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zili pamsika. ASTM A815 S32750 Piptings ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotere ndipo zimapezeka mumphepete, mawonekedwe, ndi miyeso. Astme A815 ST32760 chitoliro chikaikidwa kuti azitha kugonjetsedwa ndipo akuti ali ndi thanzi labwino. Izi duplex s32750 stwings soutings sizigwirizana ndi kutukuka kutukuka komanso kutopa. Ali ndi microstruction yosakanikirana ya 50% austetitic ndi 50% Ferrite.
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Makulidwe: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Zitsulo zachitsulo & ma sheets & coils

Din976 SI06002-Istelloy X SHARDEL THELENT ALET M4 Hex Bolt M15 Hex Bolt HaltLoy X Stob Bolt

Njira yothetsera matenda a 304 \ / / / /2l Kutentha kozizira kwa anthu ozizira ndi 850-970 ¡Ã c, ndipo madzi ozizira pambuyo pa nthawi inayake. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo ndi austete pambuyo pa njira ya mankhwala, ndipo nthawi zina pamakhala chipongwe chochepa cha Ferrite./ttype chosawoneka ngati chitoliro

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Incluloy astm b564 ma free ecoloy 800 \ / 800h \ / 800h \ / e 800ht \ / Ma flanges akuwonetsa kupambana kwakukulu ku chloride kupsinjika kuwonongeka ndi kupindika. Komanso, imawonetsanso kuwonongedwa kwakukulu, kutsimikiza zotupa ndi zina zowoneka bwino. Kuwala kwa zotupa izi kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana monga mg, tig ndi zina zambiri.
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Makulidwe: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Kupanga Rame B36.10 asme B36.23

Zizindikiro za Asthe Astme ASTE zimatengera makalasi onse, WP ndi Kr, za ku Ferritic \ / austetic, ndi mardietitic osapanga dzimbiri zopanda mawonekedwe osasaka komanso zomangamanga. Zoyenera wp ya wp imagawidwa m'magawo anayi: Makalasi a WP-S, WP-W, WP-WX, ndi WP-WU. Zinthu za zoyenerazi zidzakhala zodziiwala, mipiringidzo, kapena zinthu zosawoneka bwino kapena zowoneka bwino.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.
Lembani chitoliro chopanda pake
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Makulidwe: Sch5 ~ schxxs
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Illevesel 718 2.4668 Hot Plate ndi Mafuta Ozizira
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.19

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

A194 2H yolemetsa a Hex Bolts amapangidwira mphamvu zazikulu, kutentha kwambiri kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zovuta kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zomaliza.

Kwenikweni, kugwiritsa ntchito 304l kumathetsa kufunika kwa mafupa owoneka bwino musanagwiritse ntchito mawonekedwe athunthu, kusunga nthawi ndi khama. M'malo mwake, onse 304 ndi 304l angagwiritsidwe ntchito pazomwe zomwezi. Kusiyanako nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa kwambiri kotero kuti wina samawonedwa ngati wothandiza kuposa winayo. Pamene kukana kwakukulu kutukuka kumafunikira, ena owonetsa, monga chitsulo 31 cha datikiri, nthawi zambiri chimawonedwa ngati njira ina.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Zochulukitsa nickel ndipo kuphatikiza kwa Molybdenum kumapangitsa chitsulo cha 36 chosapanga chotsika mtengo kuposa kalasi 304 pazinthu zambiri. Koma komwe kalasi 316 kamatsimikizira wopambana ndi kuchuluka kwake kukana kuphukira kwa chlorides ndi mayankho a chlorinated. Izi zimapangitsa chitseko cha grade 316 kukhala chosakhazikika choyenera kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito mchere kapena zina zamphamvu ndi vuto.

Mtundu wopanda kapangidwe katatu 310 310s osapanga mawonekedwe akhungu amapangidwa kuti adziwe kuyesa kwina, cheke chabwino. Njira iyi ya SS 310 Spacer Malawi imatsatiridwa ndi kunyamula bwino ndi kutumiza.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

ASMM A269TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316, TP3277, S3826

Astm ASME SB 164 Monil 400 Round Bar Office N04400 Nickel Anoy Bar

Duptux2507 Ndodo iswiri ndi gawo lokhala ndi ma duplex othamanga omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku alloy omwe ali ndi chromium, nickel ndi molybdenum omwe ali ndi ma carn42. RIF2507 ulusi wa ulusi uli ndi mphamvu yayikulu, kukana kukakamiza, kupsinjika kerosrosi kusweka, kukokoloka ndi kutopa kwa chipongwe, crevice kutukuka.

Kuwala kumatha kukhala mbale yophimba kapena kutseka kumapeto kwa chitoliro. Izi zimatchedwa Flange ya wakhungu. Chifukwa chake, zojambulazo zimawonedwa ngati zigawo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makina.

Kuwala ndi mphete ya chitsulo (kupangidwa kuchokera ku mbale, kapena yolumikizidwa) kupangidwira zigawo za chitoliro, kapena kuti mulowetse chitoliro cha sitimayo, misonkhano ina kapena pamsonkhano wina wophatikizika. Zowawa zimaphatikizidwa wina ndi mnzake, ndipo kumapazi polowera kapena kupukusa (kapena kumasula pomwe madotolo amagwiritsidwa ntchito). Chitani chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimasankhidwa kukhala SS nyambo, amatanthauza ma mbengo omwe adapanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Miyezo yodziwika bwino ndi Stadem ndi Asso A182 REPE F304 \ / l ndi 300

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.