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ASTM A403 Wp304L Maso amakhazikitsidwa pakati pa chitoliro ziwiri kuti chisinthira. Nthawi zambiri zimapezeka ndi 90 riwã1 kapena 459 Malire a radius radius ali ndi radius yopitirapo yomwe ndi 1.5 nthawi yochepa, pomwe zidutswa zazifupi za radius zimakhala ndi radius wofanana ndi mulifupi mwake. ASTM A403 Wp304l ndi wosinthasintha kwambiri komanso wosinthana ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zabwino pazosiyanasiyana zamalonda komanso zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
Kaboni mosadukiza, zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi Astherm A105, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zigawo zitsulo zosungunuka (kuphatikizapo zowongoka, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi mavuvu, ndi zina) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yozungulira- komanso yokwera kwambiri pakukakamizidwa.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 304 ndi kalasi yaukadaulo yomwe imatha kupanikizika kwambiri. Khalidwe ili ladzetsa mpaka patapita kalasi yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulogalamu monga ma sthing ndi ma pans. Mtundu wa 304L ndi mtundu wotsika wa kaboni wa 304. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolemera posintha spegability./ttype spe yopanda kanthu

Zithunzi zachitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zopangidwa kapena chindapusa chopangidwa kuti zithetse magawo a chitoliro cha chitoliro kapena cholumikizira chitoliro cha mbiva, valani, pezani zida zina zilizonse.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Zithunzi zoyambira zosapanga dzimbiri: zimapangidwa ndi magawo oyambira, monga anchir bolt bowo, nkhope yolumikiza, kutalika kwa nyanja, kupanikizika kwadzina.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

Kuphatikiza mg pang'ono ku Moson K-500 Anoy imatha kuwonjezera mphamvu ya tirigu ndikusintha pulasitiki.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Al-6xn ndi allooy ameneyo ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Nthawi zambiri imatchedwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa limakhala ndi zida zingapo zofunikira. Chimodzi mwazopindulitsa kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito ma bolts a Al6xn ndikuti zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri. Pakadali pano, Al6xn ndi a Aloy Austetic, komanso chinthu chochuluka kwambiri ndichitsulo. Ndiwo wotchuka kwambiri wa 6% molybdenum olosera. Zogwiritsa ntchito zofala zili mu chakudya pokonza, mafakitale azopanga komanso a biotechnology. Imawonetsa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka komwe pakuyerekeza ndi ma haplex omwe ali m'malo ambiri. Chifukwa cha kutsika kwa nickel, ma al6xn othamanga nthawi zambiri amakhala azachuma kuposa a Nickel alloy othamanga.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Mphamvu zotentha kwambiri. Zapezekanso kuti sizingagwirizane ndi kupsinjika kwa kupsinjika mu matenda a petrochemical. X Alloy imawonetsa maubwino abwino pambuyo pakuwoneka kwa nthawi yayitali 1200, 1400, 1600 ndi 870 ndi 87c) kwa 16,000

Chitoliro chachitsulo cha kaboni ndi chofala kwambiri chogwiritsira ntchito zojambula m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana omwe amaperekedwa zomangamanga, zopangidwa, zamadzi zamadzi zamadzi, mafuta ndi mpweya. Makasitomala a Carbon Zithunzi Zapakati pa API 5l Grass B, X42 mpaka X70, Astme A102 B, Astme AstC A232 B, Astme Astc A232 B, Zitoliro za Astme A232 BRARY 3 Mapaipi ocheperako amasankhidwa kuti atumize ma ores (chitsulo, zinthu za malasha), kapena zinyalala zamakampani, tidatcha mapaichi monga tallings. Ndipo nthawi zambiri ziphuphu zachitsulo zolumikizidwa mtunda wautali. Pamwamba pa zinthu zosakanizidwa ndi madzi, timayitanitsa slurry. Anthu azigwiritsa ntchito mapampu kuti azitha kunyamula mpaka komwe madzi adzaseweredwa. Popeza malo otsekemera anali ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zina zomwe zimakhala ndi zida, kotero chitolirocho chitha kuphatikizidwa ndi 3pe, fbe, fbe ku zigawo zolimbana ndi kuturuka.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Nickel Smows ndi zina mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri pakupanga mapaipi apamwamba kwambiri ndi machubu ogwiritsa ntchito mafakitale. Malo awo obadwa nawo amawapangitsa kukhala othandiza pakugwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana. Ma Conloys a Nickel ndiwogonjetseka kwambiri ndipo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo otentha kwambiri.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Chitoliro chonse cha katekedwe kaboni Chifukwa chake pali zinthu zosiyanasiyana zakuthupi komanso zofunikira zomwe zingakhale zomwe zikupezeka kuti zigwirizane ndi zochitika zapadera.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.

Duptux 2205 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (zonse ziwiri zachangu (zonse ndi austetic) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kukana bwino kuwononga ndi mphamvu. Kalasi iyi imapereka kukana kwakukulu

Mapaipi athu achitsulo amapezeka mosiyanasiyana, masukulu, magawano ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana malinga ndi makasitomala. Timaperekanso alloy steel mapaipi a makasitomala athu ofunika kwambiri pamitengo yoyenera.

Kuwala kwa invuloy 825 kuyenera kuchitika mu chinyama ndikutsukidwa ndi bulashi yopanda kapangidwe kake kuti ichotse madontho, fumbi ndi zolemba zosiyanasiyana. Mukamaliza muzu wa weld, chisamaliro chowonjezereka ayenera kumwedwa (argon 99.99) kuti mupeze zomwe zidali bwino kwambiri kuti kufesa sikutulutsa ma oxide muzuwo. Utoto kuchokera ku malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha amayenera kuchotsedwa ndi burashi yachitsulo yopanda kapangidwe kake pomwe malo owombera siabwino.

304 Ali ndi maximation abwino oxidation mu gawo litakhazikika mpaka 870¡c ndi ntchito yopitilira 925¡c. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza pofika 425-860¡c kriti yovomerezeka. Pankhaniyi, 304l tikulimbikitsidwa chifukwa chakukana kutengera mpweya.

Zopanga zosapanga dzimbiri zopanga 316L 1.4401 s31603 chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga chitsulo
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopota monga zivomerezi 625 imagwera pa flange ndi ena. Mitundu yonseyi ndi ya mtundu wa ASTM B564 ya ICKEL Smoy, Spance, Monthlo ndi FALLGAJE Farekos.
\ / 5 kutengera

Zolemba za Nickel mu SRARS N08800 zimapereka kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku chloride nthochi zokhudzana ndi kupindika, zomwe zimapangitsanso gawo lina la nickel ozungulira 800h kuzungulira mipiringidzo.

Flange Bolthex Boltshigh Tensile Bolts Osakhazikika Chitsulo Chopanda Chitsulo N08367 Hex Bolts ndi ulusi wopindika

Illevese600 ndi yoyenera kutchetchera ndi zinthu zomwezi kapena zitsulo zina mwa njira iliyonse yotentha, monga ma plaster elerctode gloung, ndikuphika mpweya wonyezimira. Kuwotcherera ndiye yankho lomwe mukufuna. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito Maulamuliro a Arc akuwotcha, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wotchinga wosakanizika ndi zigawo zingapo (AR + H2 H2 + CO2).

Intelsel Safen N06601 chitoliro cha NECEEL 601 ndi a Neckel-Chromium Alloy omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazogwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi kutentha. Alonje a Nickel iyi imayamba chifukwa cha kukana kwake kutentha kwa maxidation, kukhalabe ogwiritsa ntchito maxidation mpaka 2200¡

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Mapaipi a S32750 adagwiritsidwa ntchito mumphepete mwa nyanja, makina opangira makina, mapangidwe am'madzi, masamba osiyidwa, osinthana ndi mafakitale ndi mafakitale.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

ASMM A269 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316, TP317L, TP3427, S3125, NS3626

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
ASSE: K94610 Astm F15
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo
Kunyumba »
Nickel 200 ma flanges
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Carbon Steel Guel kukula kwa Asm A234 Caps
Nickel Anoney othamanga
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Itar 36 Nilo Anoy 36 W.NR 1.3912 K93600 ASTM F1684
Kupanga Asme B36.10 ASME B36.65

Kulumikiza kwamphamvu kumakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino komanso kusindikiza, kapangidwe kosavuta komanso mtengo wotsika. Itha kusokonekera mobwerezabwereza.

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.
ASSE: K94610 Astm F15
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo
Kunyumba »
Nickel 200 ma flanges
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Carbon Steel Guel kukula kwa Asm A234 Caps
Nickel Anoney othamanga
Itar 36 Tubed OD: 0.2-6mm, WT: 0.02-2mm
Itar 36 Nilo Anoy 36 W.NR 1.3912 K93600 ASTM F1684
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.19

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Duptux 1.4462 zozungulira zimakhalanso ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta otsika komanso mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino komanso kutopa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi austentite. Kutsutsa kwa duptux 2205 kuli pafupifupi zitsulo zina zosapanga dzimbiri.

Chromium ndi ma nickel omwe ali pa Aloy amapereka ndalama zabwino kwambiri oxidation kutsika mokhazikika maxizing ndikuchepetsa sulufule, kukana kwabwino kubera. Alonzi limakhalanso ndi kukana koyenera kuyika ammonia osweka, koma osadziwika ndi 600.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za 304 ndi kalasi yaukadaulo yomwe imatha kupanikizika kwambiri. Khalidwe ili ladzetsa mpaka patapita kalasi yoyamba yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mapulogalamu monga ma sthing ndi ma pans. Mtundu 304L ndi mtundu wotsika kaboni wa 304. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zolemera kuti athandize kugulitsa.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 310 ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chogwiritsa ntchito kutentha monga zida za ntchentche ndi zida zotentha.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

Zitsulo Zosasunthika Zakuthupi A312 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP317, TP327, TP317

S327660 Super Duptux wosakhazikika umakhala wogwirizana ndi zotupa komanso zotumphukira zokhazokha kuposa zitsulo zosakhazikika kapena zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito m'malo otetezeka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha zowonjezera zapamwamba za chromium, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni.

Montel K500 ndi chitsulo chamkuntho chomwe chiri chouma, chifukwa cha zowonjezera za aluminiyamu ndi titanium.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

FSTELOLELOY C276 Astme Standard B575 Plate ndi Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium Superpluy Cysports C276 Specion C276 Specion C276
Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.
Makina oyendetsa bwino a nickel overlos a munda wowawasa ndi magesi. Incluoy 800ht Bing zidalitse ma extiction okhazikika komanso ozizira ozizira-reacs okhazikika amapereka zabwino zambiri, kulimba, mphamvu yotsika yamagetsi komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri. Inculoy 800ht Bing yatsimikizira kukhala zinthu zamtengo wapatali komanso zosinthasintha zomwe zimatha kuthetsa zovuta zosiyanasiyana. Inculoy 800ht Bing ali ndi kuthekera kopewa kutentha kochepa kwa zinyalala zachilengedwe, komanso kutentha kwambiri malo okhala. Kudulidwa kwabwino kwambiri kwa alloy, ndipo kuthekera kwake kuphatikizidwa bwino kwambiri kwa owongolera ena omwe ali ndi nyimbo zosiyanasiyana.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina