ASTM A182 316L Spacer Mphete yamphamvu kwambiri yoyipa

Alloy 800 ndi a nickeum-chromiam almoy mphamvu ndi mphamvu yayikulu komanso kukana kwa oxidation ndi kutupa kwambiri. ASTM B407 SINE N08800 infoloy 800 WR. 1.4876 Chitoliro chowala bwino chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga zida zofuna kukana kuchuluka, kukana kutentha, mphamvu, komanso kukhazikika pakuchita nawo ntchito mpaka 1500 ° C).

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Pali njira zambiri zomwe mungapangire zokometsera, zomwe otchuka kwambiri akuponyera ndikuzipirira.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Zithunzi za 925 zimadziwika kuti kutsutsana kwakukulu ku Cression, kukangana, kupsinjika-kupsinjika-kuwonongeka kumatchire ndi chlorides.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Monga austentic ndi austitic -dy, alyoy 926 mtedza ndizokwera pamtunda wambiri kuchokera kutentha mpaka madigiri 5000). Makina ndi ofanana ndi ogwirizanitsa a Nickel, ndi Aloy 926 ma bolts omwe amatha kutsekedwa mosavuta komanso kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

SS 316L, mtundu wa kaboni wotsika wa SS 316 ndipo sangakhale ndi chidziwitso (malire a chimanga cha chimake cha chimanga).

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
Zovala zachitsulo zachitsulo
Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina
Astm \ / asme Sa 479 304h \ / S30416

316 Kuzungulira kozungulira kumakhazikika mu kukula kwa kukula kwake "kudzera pa 6" mozungulira, ngati mukufuna kukula komwe sikunalembedwe kuti titumize. Izi ndizofunikira pawiri pa 316 \ / 316L.

Ili ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikizapo mafuta achilengedwe \ / mafuta, amboproscace, chakudya ndi chakumwa, zojambula, zopanga zamadzimadzi. 316 Zovala zosapanga dzimbiri zimadzitamandira ndikulimbana bwino kwambiri, kuphatikiza m'madzi kapena madera owononga. Ndizolimba koma zosavomerezeka komanso zokongoletsera kuposa 304. 316 Ndodo yopanda dzimbiri imasunga malo ake mu chrogenic kapena kutentha kwambiri.

Njira ya Alloy 800 (incoloy 800, 800h ndi 800ht) ndi Nickel-Chromial-chromial superramilys yomwe imapereka kutentha kwambiri ndikupanga maxidation ozizira. Alloy 800 (Opanda N08800), Anoy 800h (Slamium 800811) kuti muwonetsetse kuti mulimbikitso.

SAE 310s chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi mtundu wa kaboni wotsika wa 310 ndipo akufotokozeredwa kuti agwirizanitse ntchito yomwe ili ndi chidwi, komanso kusenda kwa kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya kapena kuwunikirana mu shutdown atha kukhala vuto.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Pa mbale yachitsulo yopanda dzimbiri, 304 \ / / / /2l Atatu Osapanga dzimbiri

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndizomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri komanso kutentha. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku zida zopanga chakudya, zida zamitundu ya Xitong, mphamvu ya nyukiliya, ndi zina zambiri.

Chinthu china chozindikiritsa zokhudzana ndi zigawo za Intelsel 718 ndikuti ali ndi mwayi wokhala ndi nthawi yayitali, kuphatikizapo kukana kutumiza ma weld.

Mapaso opanda pake ndi Astm A312 tp316 tde316 tdedied paipi
Incoloy Aloy 800 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'matodi omwe ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kwa oxidation, ndalama zina ndi zovuta zina zamagetsi.
Illever 718 N07718 Zitsulo Zitsulo Zitsulo

Kuwala kumatha kukhala mbale yophimba kapena kutseka kumapeto kwa chitoliro. Izi zimatchedwa Flange ya wakhungu. Chifukwa chake, zojambulazo zimawonedwa ngati zigawo zamkati zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira makina.
Mapaipi 800 1.4876 okhala ndi nsonga ndi ma flanges

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.

316 ndi austetic chrome nickel chitsulo chopambana cha zitsulo zopamwamba za ziphuphu zina za chicromel, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zikauntizi zikaonedwa ndi miyala yamankhwala, komanso m'madzi am'madzi.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

304 Zinthu ndi imodzi mwazinthu zotsika mtengo kwambiri komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika. NTHAWI 104 Mapaipi 304 okhala ndi kukana kwakukulu, ndipo amawonetsanso kukana kwa oxidation.

Amawonetsa kukana kwabwino kwambiri ku malo osiyanasiyana. Lembani 304 ndi 304L ma grades a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimawonetsera bwino komanso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino owoneka bwino kapena popanda kuwonjezera zitsulo zosefera.

ASME A105 Ma flanges adzapangidwa ngati chidutswa chimodzi mwa njira yopendekera. Njira yobwezeretsani, ngakhale kufa kuti afe kapena otseguka kufa, ndi ntchito yoponderezedwa. Zitsulo zimayenda munjira yopangidwira nthawi yopanga pulasitiki kuti apange chinthu chofanana ndi chofunda chomwe chili pafupi ndi chomaliza.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Kaboni mosadukiza, zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi Astherm A105, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zigawo zitsulo zosungunuka (kuphatikizapo zowongoka, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi mavuvu, ndi zina) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yozungulira- komanso yokwera kwambiri pakukakamizidwa. A105N, yomwe imasankhidwa ndi yokwanira ¡° ¡± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Ngati zongoyikidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma ppvc kapena asme B31, zinthuzo zidzakhala zofanana ndi Sa-105 kapena sa-105n. Mwachidule. Astme A105 Flange ndi mtundu wa ma flanges. Kutanthauzira kumatha kuphatikizira magiredi osiyanasiyana osapanga dzimbiri. Ma flanges ali ndi chitsulo chopangidwa kaboni ndipo amapangidwira kutentha kwambiri.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Ntchito yofala kwambiri ya A182 F2 yozungulira ndi sharts. Ili ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zoyatsira zomwe zimathandizira mphamvu zake.
Incoloy 800h flange
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
kaboni Steel Flange Class Class 300 Flange
Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
50mm mipando yoyendetsa A182 F9 Flange
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Incoloy 800h chitoliro chokhala ndi temple wambiri

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

S32750 S32760 Super Duptux dambo wosapanga matope osakhazikika

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.
Incoloy 800h flange
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
kaboni Steel Flange Class Class 300 Flange
Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
50mm mipando yoyendetsa A182 F9 Flange
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Chiwonetsero cha Zhengzhou Huong Huitong Machubu

Astme A234 WPB Sch 40 A234 wpb carbon zitsulo zoumba kuti zitheke zochulukirapo - zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zingwe zokhala ndi chingwe chochepa komanso chopindulitsa pomwe chitsulo chachikulu chimafunikira.
Incoloy 800h flange
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
kaboni Steel Flange Class Class 300 Flange
Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
50mm mipando yoyendetsa A182 F9 Flange
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Monl 400 chitoliro cha mafelemu a magalasi magalasi

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.
N08925 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimapereka kukana kwakukulu kwa crevice
Sae 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri zachitsulo (pakati pa 18% ndi 20%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 8% ndi 10,5%). Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimakhala zochepa zamagetsi komanso zomwe zimayambitsa thupi kuposa chitsuloboni. Ndi maginito, koma ochepa mphamvu kuposa chitsulo. Ili ndi chipongwe chachikulu kuposa chitsulo chokhazikika ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangika komwe kumapangidwira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. [1]

Astme A479 imatha kufotokozedwa kuti ndi gawo lokhazikika la mipiringidzo yachitsulo osapanga dzimbiri. Amapezeka m'mitundu ndi kukula kwake kuti azigwiritsa ntchito boilers ndi zotupa. Kutanthauzira kwa zinthu kumapezeka m'makalasi anayi kuphatikiza austetic, austetic-austic-austic, achangu komanso andertitic ndi marteenitic. Ali ndi mphamvu zabwino monga nyonga zapamwamba kwambiri, zopereka mphamvu, equngetion, etc. Izi zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa mipiringidzo yotentha komanso yozizira.

Timapereka F9 Alloy Steel Zovuta zomwe zimatsutsana kwambiri ndi kuwunika kwakukulu chifukwa cha chromium ndi molybdenum. A182 F9 Alloy Steel Malawi ndiyoti azigwiritsa ntchito pang'ono komanso makina opanikizika kwambiri. Chifukwa cha chromium yaying'ono ndi molybdenum imakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu yopondera ndi maudindo.
Incoloy 800h flange
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
kaboni Steel Flange Class Class 300 Flange
Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
50mm mipando yoyendetsa A182 F9 Flange
ASME A240 Mtundu 2205 Drite Stockgerder SA 240 GRE 2205
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "

Wowonerera 254 wowoneka bwino wa uve ndi wamphamvu kwambiri poyerekeza ndi muyezo kapena kalasi wamba. Mphamvu ya anthu 254 imasulika nthawi ngati iwiri yomwe ya serder 300 seel.
Matumba a Pika Matumbo
www.htpipe.es
Chubu chowala
JCPIP.com
Kovar Aloy 4j29
Nickel alloy pipe & chubu
A182 F316L Drip Steiti Yabwino Kwambiri
Mipiringidzo yachitsulo & ndodo
50mm mipando yoyendetsa A182 F9 Flange

Astm A479 S316L 401 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chozungulira chozungulira - Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipi

imasiyanitsidwa ndi zinthu zake molybdenom, zomwe zimathandizira kuthana ndi kuthekera kwake kopambana motsutsana ndi oxidation. Giredi 316L ndi mtundu wochepetsedwa-kaboni wa misika 316, ndipo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti ntchito zitheke. Ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino komanso owuma. Kapangidwe kakang'ono ka Austeritic kalasi 316L kumathandizira kuti ikhale yowoneka bwino kwambiri popanda mawonekedwe apakati.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Incoloy 800 n08800 pipe spools suptenitic dandels osakhazikika

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa molakwika?

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

Nickel 718 mbale ili ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kuposa Iscy X-750 ndi katundu wabwino pamakina otsika kuposa Nimnic 90 ndi Alloy X-750. Nickel 718 ma coils a Nickel amaperekanso chipatala chabwino poyerekeza ndi aluminiyamu ndi titanium yolimba ya nickel-zochokera ku Sucralys.

316 Nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, koma sichigwirizana ndi madzi otentha a nyanja. M'malo ambiri a Marine 316 amawonetsa kutukuka kwakumaso, nthawi zambiri amawoneka ngati bulauni. Izi zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi zolengedwa ndi zomaliza.

Kaboni mosadukiza, zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi Astherm A105, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zigawo zitsulo zosungunuka (kuphatikizapo zowongoka, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi mavuvu, ndi zina) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yozungulira- komanso yokwera kwambiri pakukakamizidwa. A105N, yomwe imasankhidwa ndi yokwanira ¡° ¡± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Ngati zongoyikidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma ppvc kapena asme B31, zinthuzo zidzakhala zofanana ndi Sa-105 kapena sa-105n. Mwachidule. Astme A105 Flange ndi mtundu wa ma flanges. Kutanthauzira kumatha kuphatikizira magiredi osiyanasiyana osapanga dzimbiri. Ma flanges ali ndi chitsulo chopangidwa kaboni ndipo amapangidwira kutentha kwambiri.