Mayina Ogulitsa: Nickel Anoy 36, Inter 36®, Nilo 6®, Pernifar 6 ®

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

2b-Malizani osapanga dzimbiri sizimafota, contor, kapena dzimbiri mophweka monga chitsulo chambiri, koma sichotseka chokha.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Asme B16.5 Kusuntha Pamaso Omwe Adapanga Nickel Anoy Flange Incngel Sciedel 718 Werkstoff nr. 2.4668 Flange

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Monl 400 Bolts ndi mtedza zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chithokomiro chamkuwa cha kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka munthawi yokwera. Zinthu zake zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma balts ndi mtedza wa kutentha kwambiri. Chitope cha HT ndi opanga ndi opanga ndi ogulitsa morenizi 400 ndi mtedza wa kukula konse ndi mitundu yonse. Pakati pa zosakaniza ndi kaboni, aluminiyamu, manganese, silicon, chitsulo, sulufule ndi 63% nickel ndi 28% mkuwa. Ndondomeko iyi imapereka malongosoledwe apamwamba.

Nickel Alloy Bar & ndodo
Chitchaina (chosavuta)
Kuthekera kochepa kophatikizidwa ndi mphamvu zambiri kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zowonda, kupangitsa kuti dongosolo lotalika lopangidwa ndi zigawo zapamwamba kwambiri za titanium yopepuka komanso yolimbana ndi nthawi yomweyo.
N04400 \ / Monil 400, Monil K500,

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

Ma boti a carbon matonge okhala ndi mikaka pakati pa 0,60 - 1.25%. Mitundu yapamwamba ya carbon imalola ili ndi Manganese omwe ali ndi 0,30 - 0.90%. Mwa magiredi onse atatu, ma carbon steel ndodo yolumikizidwa imakhala ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kulimba kwambiri ndikuwonetsa otsika kwambiri. Kuchepetsa kwambiri kukana kumabwera chifukwa chakuti zomata izi zimawumitsidwa nthawi zonse komanso zimakwiya.

Zopanga zosapanga dzimbiri zopanga 316L 1.4401 s31603 chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga chitsulo
FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.
S31803 1.4462 Dupx2205 Asher Chan125

Gulu lathu lachitsulo la ma carbon ferrule mphamvu limatha kupanga madongosolo akulu ndi achizolowezi kuchokera kwa makasitomala athu padziko lonse lapansi. Izi zazitali za chromium iyi, pomwe ndi gulu la chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, silikugwirizana kwambiri. Zinthu zomwe zinali mu Carbon zitsulo zophuka zitsulo zimayambitsa kutentha kwa kutentha; Chifukwa nthawi zambiri amachepetsa kusanjikiza kwa matomu kudzera pazipinda zachitsulo, pongochedwetsa kusintha kwapadera. Kuungula kwa assite achitsulo kumatha kupitilizidwa ndikuwonjezera zinthu monga manganese, Molybdenum, Chromium, Nickel ndi Boron.

Intelsel Ma froses 600 (Opanda N06600) ali ndi mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, sizikuwonetsa maginito, ndikuwonetsa kuphatikiza kosafunikira kwa malo abwino. Timaperekanso chikopa chotere m'mawonekedwe a makasitomala athu kutengera kukula ndi mawonekedwe.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Makina abwino kwambiri pa cholumikizira cholumikizira cha K500 K500. Pakadali pano, zitsulo zowoneka bwino za Monthwe za K500 zimaperekedwanso mosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe kwa makasitomala athu.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 316hhh6h

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Imaphwanyidwa mosavuta kapena yokulungira zimapangidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana pazofunsira m'mafakitale, zomanga, ndi zoyendera. SS 316 ilinso ndi mawonekedwe abwino owala.

Kupanga 310 \ / 310s chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chimapangidwa kutentha kwa 975 - 1175¡cãc. Kukweza kwamphamvu kumachitika pa 1050¡cãc, ndipo pamapeto ake kumayikidwa pansi pamtunda. Kuyaka pambuyo polephera kukulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa nkhawa zonse pakutha. Izi zowongolera zimatha kuzizira mosavuta ndi njira ndi zida.

Illever 718 ndi mpweya wabwino ukuumitsa nickel-chromium yochokera ku superralluy. ASTM B637 Banja lozungulira n07718 ilinso ndi zinthu zambiri monga chitsulo, Niobium ndi molybdenum, ndi kufufuza zinthu monga aluminium. Aluminiyamu ndi titanium imapangitsa kuti inverseel 718.

ASME A479 Duplex Stoel S32205 P32205 Phwando la Nitrogen Omwe amalimbikitsidwa kuti athetse mavuto wamba omwe amapezeka mwadzidzidzi ndi mndandanda wa 300. Asme Sa 479 Duplex Stuel S31803 yopanga ma stars amawumitsidwa pa 1868 mpaka 1958 madigiri Fahres.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Ndiwonso wa super duplex, kotero kukana kutentha kulinso zomwe ndodo za Super Dumlex 2507 ndizotheka. Mtsinje kapena madzi am'nyanja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mankhwala owononga a sulufule kapena chloride, ndi zida zonga 2507 super dripx yozungulira imatha kupirira mankhwala awa.

Nimonic 80 A (Aloy 80a) ndi amodzi mwa superralloys wodziwika kwambiri womwe wafotokozedwa ndi majini a mafuta. Nimonic 80a Osewera nthawi zambiri amatchulidwa chifukwa chokhoza kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa ma bolts a Nimonic ndi mtedza wabwino kuti agwiritse ntchito magetsi ndi zigawo zopangidwa ndi mpweya, kuchokera ku Turbine Tsitsi kuti pa injini za ndege pa injini za ndege zimawonekera kwambiri komanso kutentha.

Al-6xn weld. Zilumba za oxide awa zimawoneka ngati filimu yopyapyala, yokhala ndi utoto wosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi timiyala kuchokera ku imvi kupita ku Brown Brown omwe amatsatira pamwamba.

Kutsutsa kwakukulu ndi kulolera kwa Inlevel 625 elbow apatse katswiriyu kusankha kwabwino kwa machubu, kupukusa, ndi zida zabzala zomwe zimafunikira kuwotcheza.

Alloy 600 ndi chisankho chabwino kwambiri pazogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndiwotupa kwambiri komanso kuthira kutentha kwa kutentha, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ochititsa dzala amatanthauza kuti umakhala ndi zochulukirapo za kuwonjezeka kwa mafuta.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 904l chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazolinga zosiyanasiyana zamalonda ndipo amadziwika chifukwa cha zovuta za abrasion. The Aisi 904l dzimbiri, mtedza wopanda phokoso umabwera ndi zotsika za kaboni, zotsika ngati 0,02%, zomwe zimawapangitsa kuthana ndi chidwi ndi kuwotcherera. Mwanjira ina, osakhazikika a S08904 oponderezedwa ndi zida zina za shale yomwe ili ndi kalasi yolimbana ndi chimbudzi.

Chizindikiro cha Nickel-Copper chimakhala chouma chifukwa chowonjezera aluminiyamu ndi titanium. Imaphatikiza kukana kwa Monl 400 ndi phindu lopeza lamphamvu kwambiri ndi kuuma (kuchokera ku zovuta zake). Monl K-500 imadziwikanso kuti nsalu ya nsalu yoyerekeza poyerekeza ndi ena a superralos, ndipo kwenikweni kuti ndi madzi osalala ngakhale kutentha pang'ono.
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono
Din127 Spring Syher
Zipangizo Zambiri
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
FOSTELOLELOY C276 PMI ikuyesa C-276 2.4819 N10276
Hex Bolt £ rall ulusi wa £ £ £)

N06002 \ / hastelloy X, STETLOY RETELLOY C276, Astelloy B2

Asme B18.2.1 Din933 Din931 Aloy 400 Hex Bolt wopanga - ztd.

Monl 400 Bolts ndi mtedza zimapangidwa kuchokera ku chithokomiro chamkuwa cha kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, makamaka munthawi yokwera. Zinthu zake zimakhala zolimba komanso zolimba ndipo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma balts ndi mtedza wa kutentha kwambiri. Chitope cha HT ndi opanga ndi opanga ndi ogulitsa morenizi 400 ndi mtedza wa kukula konse ndi mitundu yonse. Pakati pa zosakaniza ndi kaboni, aluminiyamu, manganese, silicon, chitsulo, sulufule ndi 63% nickel ndi 28% mkuwa. Ndondomeko iyi imapereka malongosoledwe apamwamba.
Din127 Spring Syher
Zipangizo Zambiri
Chitsulo chachitsulo
Azerbaijani
Myanmar (Burmese)
Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri & chubu
Masamba osapanga dzimbiri & ma sheets & coils
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
FOSTELOLELOY C276 PMI ikuyesa C-276 2.4819 N10276
Kupanga Asme B36.10 ASME B36.48
ASTM A240 304L 1.4306 304 Mtengo wa Bign 30 Swagle Snuel
Masamba achitsulo & ma sheet & coils

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

C-22 imagwiritsidwa ntchito podzaza kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa chloride ndi kutentha monga njira zophatikizira, api), nsalu zofewa, ndi nsomba zotsukira, soya ndi tsabola.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

N08800 \ / infoloy 800, A SV88810 \ / infoloy 800811 \ / infoloy 8 >> \ / infoloy 825

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.
Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Zogulitsa ngati 304 chitoliro chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimayikidwira kuti muwonetsetse kuti nthawi ____¯ palibe kuwonongeka konse. Pokhapokha ngati kunja kwa kunja, malo ogulitsa kunja amatsirizidwa m'mabokosi a mitengo kapena milandu.

Ena mwa ntchito za Duptux Steple Stepluel Stem 2205 ndi kufufuza kwamafuta, kukonza zida, makina am'madzi, matani am'madzi, ndi matani, ndi zomba za pepala.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.
Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Chimodzi mwazakudya zosapanga dzimbiri zoposa 316 Zitsulo zopanga dzimbiri ndikuti ndi bioclearner kuposa aluminium ndi mkuwa, wokhala ndi biocleananjana yofanana ndi galasi. Kuyera, nyonga ndi kuponderezedwa kwa zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zosapanga dzimbiri mu mankhwala opanga dzimbiri ndi chakudya.

A182 F91 yalloy zitsulo machubu, zopondera, zoyezera zokhala ndi mavalidwe ndi zigwa ndi zina zowonjezera kutentha kwambiri.

ASTM B564 SIMST N08810 Milandu yakhungu Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Asayansi, monga zisankho 600, 601, 686, 786, 718 ndi magesi 715, ndi banja la nickeum-molybdenum oyendetsa mphamvu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwamphamvu, inforvel itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa Crortologenic mpaka 2200¡f (982¡c). Palibenso kuwonongeka kwa matupi a Intersefes mu malo ofatsa monga momwe muli mlengalenga, madzi am'madzi, osalowerera ndale, ndi ma media a alkaline. Chifukwa malo odziwika a Aloy omwe ali ndi mafuta a Intersefe omwe amawapatsa kupirira mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nthaka. M'madera owopsa, kuphatikiza kwa nickel ndi chromium kumapereka kukana mankhwala oxidizing, pomwe zapamwamba za nickel ndi molybdenum zimapereka kukana malo osasinthanitsa.

Iswees osawoneka bwino kwambiri a sing'anga osawoneka N06600 ndi Astm B167 ndi omwe amapangidwa kuti apirire kwambiri ndikubwera ndi chitsimikizo chachikulu.

Chivomerezo ichi sichoyenera kwa ma oxidizing acid acid monga nitric acid ndi nitrous acid. Imalimbana ndi sulfuric acid mpaka 80% ndi hydrochloric acid mayankho mpaka 20%.

Mfundo ya Diser. Erence pakati pa emosys 800h ndi 800ht ndi aluminium zomwe zili mu 800ht, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zopingasa komanso zopsinjika.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

Chitsito chopanda maziko cha 316 chakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kwa gawo la mafakitale. Chitsulo ichi ndi chrome chimadziwika kuti ndikukana kwake kuvunda, komanso kukhazikika kwake. 316 Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatha kupangidwa muzosaso komanso machubu owuma kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera za kasitomala.