Kovar Aloy 4j29

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.

Chifukwa Chomwe ASTM BH637 Balts N07718 amasankhidwa makamaka chifukwa chopanga ma injini a Turbinine. Popeza injini ya Turbine imagwira ntchito pamfundo zoyambira za thermodynamic, injini ya injini ya Turbine imachuluka ngati kutentha kwa turbine kusenza.

Aisi 304h ndi chosapanga chosapanga chosapanga chosapanga chosapanga chosapanga chosapanga chambiri ndipo, pokhapokha chosasinthidwa kuti chikhale bwino poyankha, sichingagwirizane ndi chip. Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri zimatheka ndi kuthamanga pang'onopang'ono, kudyetsa kwambiri, kuphika kwapamwamba, kukwezedwa kwapamwamba, kukwezedwa kwamphamvu, ndi zida zolimba.

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito ku Intersel 800 zimaphatikizapo chakudya ndi mabuku akumwa, kuwonjezera pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kutentha.

Lingaliro la malo osapanga dzimbiri masiku 1920s ndi malo ogulitsa oyamba ku Sweden mu 1930. Komabe, ndi zaka 30 zapitazi zitsulo zomwe ma seppox atenga¡ ± panjira yofunika. Izi zimachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo mwa njira zopendekera makamaka monga ulemu wowongolera za nayitrogeni.

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ASME A213 TP904L Machubu Opanda Seamm Astm Astm A312 TP904L Mapaipi opanda kanthu

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Ili ndi Nickel (24%), Molybdenum (6.3%), nayitrogeni ndi chromium yomwe imapangitsa kuti zisautso, chloride pansi. Al6xn imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pokana zolimba komanso zopondera ku chlorisi. Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Yokonzedwa ndi Aloy K-500 imachitika bwino pomwe zinthuzo zili mu zopakidwa kapena zotentha komanso zotheka. Komabe, zaka zolimba zida zimatha kumaliza kulekerera komanso kumaliza. Chifukwa chake, mchitidwe woyenera ndi makina amangana pang'ono, kuumitsa zaka, kenako kumamaliza kukula.

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

Zinthu zina zitha kuwonjezeredwa kuzomera zingapo za chitsulo kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chitsulo. Mtundu uliwonse wa chitsulo ungagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mafakitale apadera kuyambira ntchito yomanga mphamvu.

Al6xn ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chosakhazikika ku chloride pansi, crevice kutukuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Al6xn ndi Alloy a 6 wokhazikika womwe umapangidwa ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

ASTM A105 imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zazitsulo zotengera za kaboni monga ma vani, mavuvu, zofunikira zina ndi zinthu zina zofanana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha komanso kwamphamvu kwambiri.

FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.

904l maswe amapangidwa ndi chitsulo chotsika cha carbon aloy austetitic doleni. Kuphatikiza kwa mkuwa kwa kalasi iyi kumaperekanso kukonzanso kotheratu kotheratu ma acid, makamaka sulfuric acid. Ikugwirizananso ndi chloride kumenyedwa ¨C zonse \ / crevice kuturuka komanso kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Kalasi iyi siyopanda magnetic mu zinthu zonse ndipo ali ndi thanzi labwino komanso lamphamvu. Makina a austetic amaperekanso mtundu wa kalasi yabwino kwambiri, mpaka pansi mpaka kutentha kwa crygenic. Chifukwa cha zovuta zotsutsana ndi zoopsa, 904l zitha kupangidwa mu mabavu, mtedza, ma stus, ma studio, mitu ya mutu wa tepi, komanso mitundu ina yambiri.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

TELEALI YA PANSI YA DEINE ndi mtundu wa zoumba za chitoliro, nthawi zambiri pali mitundu iwiri. Ndiye kuti, wofanana wofanana, mainchesi atatu ndi ofanana; Kuchepetsa tee, m'mimba mwake ya nthambi ndi yosiyana ndi ena awiriwo.

Zitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zokwanira pakati pa 1.0% ndi 50% ndi kulemera kwake kuti musinthe mphamvu zake. Zitsulo za alloy zimasweka m'magulu awiri: zitsulo zotsika komanso zitsulo zazitali. Kusiyana pakati pa awiriwo kumatsutsidwa. Smith ndi Ismahemu amatanthauzira kusiyana kwa 4.0%, pomwe degarmo, et al. Nthawi zambiri, mawu akuti "alloy chitsulo" amatanthauza zitsulo zotsika kwambiri.

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Pofuna kufafanizira mapaipi, ndikofunikira kuchotsa payipi yolunjika pa mapaipi. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito ma piipelines osiyanasiyana, mapaipi osiyanasiyana ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Pamene mapaipiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito, chikopa chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kusintha kukula kwa mapaipi. Mukamacheza, chipika chanjira zitatu chowonekacho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati cholumikizira cholumikizira, kuti chikhazikitse chipani cholumikizirana kapena kukula kwa nthawi yayitali komanso cholumikizira cholumikizira cha mapaipi. , Pakulumikizana ndi zida zosiyanasiyana, palinso zolumikizira ndi mapulagini a gawo la chida.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Zitsulo za alloy ndi ndodo
Zovala zachitsulo zachitsulo
Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.
Asme B36.19M Chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri

Lembani "chitoliro chosawoneka
Kuchulukitsa kwa nickel mu 316 ss kumathandizira kukonza kwake kutukuka kwa 304. Chifukwa chake, ndikulimbikitsidwa kuti mugwiritse ntchito mchere wambiri, kapena madera okhala ndi mankhwala, makamaka chlorides.

Lingaliro la malo osapanga dzimbiri masiku 1920s ndi malo ogulitsa oyamba ku Sweden mu 1930. Komabe, ndi zaka 30 zapitazi zitsulo zomwe ma seppox atenga¡ ± panjira yofunika. Izi zimachitika makamaka pakupita patsogolo kwamaluso osakhazikika makamaka pankhani ya kuwongolera kwa nayitrogeni.

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.

Astm Asme Sb 166 Inoy Intersel 600 Round Bar Serwin N06600 Bar Nickel Anoy Bar

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Astme A194 Mbewu 2h mtedza ndi mafuta a kaboni. Ndi mphamvu zambiri zolimba.

Ma Flesel Bolt Okhazikika ali ndi magawo atatu - mutu pamwamba, silimira yayitali ndi ulusi wakunja, ndi mmimba pansi.

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.

Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

A789 S31803 ndi S32205 ndi zitsulo ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pantchito zosiyanasiyana. Mapaipi awa a duplex s31803 osakhala opanda chidwi amadziwika chifukwa chokana kwambiri kuwonongeka, mphamvu zazikulu, komanso kutopa kwambiri. A789 ndi lingaliro lomwe limakwirira osawoneka bwino komanso machubu opangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.

Alloy 600, kapena sayansi 600, ndi amodzi mwa superralloys wotchuka kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa n06600. Illevesel 600 ndi magnetic nickel-chromial-chromial almoy pokana ndi kuthetseratu zinthu zamakina, komanso zowoneka bwino pamagetsi osiyanasiyana.
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Chitsulo cha kaboni
JCPIP.com
Lumikizanani nafe
duplex 2205 chubu
Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Alloy Steel PIPA PIPA 3 GR 3 pipe Ism A333 mu Stock
Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
Astm B366 Tsamba lotentha lotchera
Din25433 dina2527 BS3293 Carbon steel ff

Mapulogalamu a ma flanges amaphatikiza mafuta, petulo, mafuta ndi mpweya ndi njira zina zokulira.

Dera lozungulira X750 lili ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwambiri, yolimbitsa thupi yabwino kwambiri komanso yotopetsa, komanso kukana bwino kukana.

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.

Tikupanga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304.. Timapereka ndalama zambiri zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mtundu wa mtundu wosakhazikika pazinthu 304 \ / kapena chitsulo chapansi 304 \ / / /2l chitoliro.
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Chitsulo cha kaboni
JCPIP.com
Lumikizanani nafe
duplex 2205 chubu
Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Alloy Steel PIPA PIPA 3 GR 3 pipe Ism A333 mu Stock
Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
Astm B366 Tsamba lotentha lotchera
Titanium tubing mphamvu zazikulu ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono

Kaboni mosadukiza, zomwe zimapangidwa molingana ndi Astherm A105, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulogalamu. Izi zidapangitsa kuti zigawo zitsulo zosungunuka (kuphatikizapo zowongoka, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi mavuvu, ndi zina) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati ntchito yozungulira- komanso yokwera kwambiri pakukakamizidwa. A105N, yomwe imasankhidwa ndi yokwanira ¡° ¡± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± Ngati zongoyikidwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma ppvc kapena asme B31, zinthuzo zidzakhala zofanana ndi Sa-105 kapena sa-105n. Mwachidule. Astme A105 Flange ndi mtundu wa ma flanges. Kutanthauzira kumatha kuphatikizira magiredi osiyanasiyana osapanga dzimbiri. Ma flanges ali ndi chitsulo chopangidwa kaboni ndipo amapangidwira kutentha kwambiri.

FSTELOLELOY C22 ali ndi vuto labwino komanso kukana ku chloride-isayang'ane phesing. C-22? Alloy (SRAMEE N06022) ndi a Cromium-cromium-molybdenum, zina mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zimatsutsana ndi zomwe sizikugwirizana, kutetezedwa ku zokongoletsera, kuteteza kuwonongeka. C22 ili ndi chromium yokhala ndi chromium ndipo imalimbana ndi maxidation kuposa c-276.

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Ilinso ndi kukana kwakukulu kuti mukamize zothetsera chloride, kukana kwakukulu ku Crevice ndi kupsinjika kuwonongeka. Alloy 904l amachita bwino kuposa zitsulo zina zosapanga dzimbiri chifukwa cha kuperewera kwapamwamba kwa nickel ndi molybdenum.

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Gulu 316 Zosapanga dzimbiri zimapangidwa kuti zizigwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali zachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, mafakitale awa amafuna mndandanda wa masamba atatu osapanga dzimbiri kuti ateteze chitetezo chowonjezera komanso kukana kwakukulu kutukuka. SS 316 ma bolts ndi mtedza zimapangidwa ndi Ni-cr-croc austetentitic chitsulo chosapanga mphamvu yabwino ndi kukana bwino.
www.htsteelpipe.com
Chitsulo cha kaboni
JCPIP.com
Lumikizanani nafe
duplex 2205 chubu
Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Alloy Steel PIPA PIPA 3 GR 3 pipe Ism A333 mu Stock
Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
Astm B366 Tsamba lotentha lotchera
Alloy 2.4668 Bolt Intelsel 718 Hex Bolt Din931

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina
www.htsteelpipe.com
Chitsulo cha kaboni
JCPIP.com
Lumikizanani nafe
duplex 2205 chubu
Chitoliro cha duplex & chubu
Alloy Steel PIPA PIPA 3 GR 3 pipe Ism A333 mu Stock
Chitoliro chachitsulo & chubu
Kutalika: Malinga ndi zomwe mukufuna. "
Astm B366 Tsamba lotentha lotchera
Nickel alloy mbale & ma sheets & coils

Astm A312 TP316 SMICILARICICICICICT TIPIP SMIP S31600 SMS SMS

Osagwiritsa ntchito No804, omwe amadziwika kuti 904l, ndi chitsulo chochepa cha kaboni lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito komwe kugwiritsira ntchito ku AISI 316L ndi Aisi 317L siokwanira.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.
Nthambi yomalizidwa, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti hexe wamba, ili ndi mlighting'ono kudutsa ma flats ndi ngodya zomwe zikufanizira ndi hext yolemera ya hex. Mtenu wa hex mtedza ndi wokulirapo komanso wolemera. Chitsimikizo Chomangira Mphamvu ndi chokwera kuposa hexe. Mitembo yolemera hex imapereka kuchuluka kwa mtedza wamalizi.
Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

Ikugwirizananso ndi mankhwala ochulukirapo, makamaka ngati ali ndi chlorides.

Mamembala a Aloy amalimbikitsidwa ndi kulumikizana kwa Niobium ndi Molybdenum omwe amapereka mphamvu kwambiri popanda chithandizo chamankhwala chowuma.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

The anioy zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a insuli zimawathandiza kuthana ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Palibenso kutuwa kwa Issolion kumangokhala m'malo ofatsa monga momwe muli mumlengalenga, madzi am'madzi, opanda mchere, ndi media ya alkaline.