Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 316 mate

Invalsel 718 ndi alloy-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium-chromium yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapulogalamu apamwamba monga Aweslospace ndi majini agalu. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakupanga a Ism B670 Invelve 718 ndiye kuti mbale yogubuduza. Pali mitundu iwiri yayikulu ya mbale za Intery18 zomwe zilipo pamsika: kuwotcha mbale zowombera.

Astm A312 TP316 SMICILARICICICICICT TIPIP SMIP S31600 SMS SMS
Alloy 600 siali-Magnetic, ali ndi zida zabwino kwambiri komanso kuphatikiza kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kugwirira ntchito bwino ndipo kumakhala kotopetsa.
chitoliro chosapanga dzimbiri chimatcha chitoliro cha 316

Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha 304 ndi mndandanda wa T 300 osapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo chosapanga chitsulo. Ili ndi osachepera 18% chromium ndi 8% nickel, kuphatikiza ndi ma 0,08%. Amadziwika kuti ndi chromium-nickel austetic aloy.304 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso zida zogwirizira, zingwe 3], ziwiya, ndi zozizwitsa. 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri chimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu zomangamanga kuti kunja kwa maboti olima monga madzi ndi mawonekedwe amoto. Komanso ndi zinthu wamba zodziwika bwino kwa ovota.

Aloy 800 wedy wedy timakhala ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zigawo zikuluzikulu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi cholumikizira, zomwe zili ndi zotayira zotayirira.

Nickel 200 Amalongosola Nickel 200 Malawi amakhala olimba, osasunthika, ndipo amaliza bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, Astm B564 SP52200 N02200 Zisoka zakhungu zimalimbana ndi kutengera ndale komanso zotsatsa, zimapangitsa kukhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirizira.

FSTELOLELOY C22 ali ndi vuto labwino komanso kukana ku chloride-isayang'ane phesing. C-22? Alloy (SRAMEE N06022) ndi a Cromium-cromium-molybdenum, zina mwazinthu zazikuluzikulu zimatsutsana ndi zomwe sizikugwirizana, kutetezedwa ku zokongoletsera, kuteteza kuwonongeka. C22 ili ndi chromium yokhala ndi chromium ndipo imalimbana ndi maxidation kuposa c-276.

Cholumikizira chopondera chimapangidwa ndi zitatu zolekanitsidwa komanso kudziyimira pawokha ngakhale zilibe kanthu; Makoma, ma gaskets, ndi oboola; omwe amasonkhana ndi zikopa zina, zoyenera. Zowongolera zapadera AE zimafunikira pakusankha ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zonse izi kuti zitheke, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotayira.

Makina ogwiritsa ntchito a Astm A182 F9 Flange amapeza mphamvu zake zapamwamba, kukana bwino kuwononga, kuchuluka kwa kuchuluka kwa zovuta komanso mphamvu zolimba.

Mbale zowonda zitsulo zopyapyala ndi makulidwe pakati pa 0,2-4m yopangidwa ndi kuwombera kotentha kapena kuzizira, komanso mbale zazikuluzikulu ndi zomwe zili ndi makulidwe oposa 4mm

Chinsinsi cha ma p5 kapangidwe ka chromium-molybdenum ulesi ndi kuwonjezera kwa chromium ndi molybdenum. Chromium kapena Cromium imawonjezera mphamvu zapamwamba, zimawonjezera kukana kwa oxidation ndikuwonjezera tuensile, zokolola ndi kuuma firiji. Molybdenum amasintha mphamvu, malire, kuvala kukana, kumakhudza mtundu ndi kuuma kwake. Zimakulirakulira kukana kufewetsa, cholepheretsa tirigu, ndipo chimapangitsa kuti zitsulo zachitsulo zisatengeke. Molybdenum ndiowonjezera kwambiri pakuwonjezera kutentha kwakukulu kwamphamvu kapena kukana. Zimawonjezeranso kukana kwa zitsulo za chitsulo ndipo chimalepheretsa kuponderezedwa.

Morel K500 ma bolts ali ndi zilembo za nickel zomwe zimaphatikizanso kukana kwa Monl 400 ndi kuchuluka kwamphamvu ndi kuuma.

S32750 S32760 Super Duptux dambo wosapanga matope osakhazikika

Mapulogalamu achitsulo komanso olemera amatchulapo zitsulo zachitsulo zokhala ndi makulidwe oposa 3 mm ndi ochepera 50 mm. Mitengo yamiyala yolimba komanso yamiyala imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomuphunzitsa zombo, boulers, milatho

ASTM A240 Mtundu 2205 Plate ndi duwa losapanga dzimbiri lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, kufufuza kwamafuta ndi mafuta, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi, ndi ukadaulo wamadzi. Mapepala 2205 amapangidwa kuchokera ku kalasi ya SAGIS 2205, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, chomwe chimaphatikizika ndi chitsulo champhamvu.

Zizindikiro za Nickel-Copy-Copy 400 monol 2.4360 molunjika rod ndiyabwino kwambiri opsinjika ku chloride ku chloride movutikira mukakumana ndi zowononga m'matumbo. Monl 400 ndi a Haloy ndi Nickel omwe amadziwika masiku ano chifukwa cha ntchito yake yayitali. Alloy ali ndi kukana bwino acid ndi alkali. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zokhala ndi mphamvu, duckity, kukhala waulimi wabwino kwambiri, ndipo imatha kuumitsidwa ndi ntchito yozizira. Kuphatikiza apo, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poizona ndi kutentha kuyambira kuchotsera mpaka 538 digiri Celsius.

Chromium yapamwamba, molybdenum ndi nayitrogeni imapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri (zomwe zingachitike) zitsulo zokongoletsera ndi zotupa zosapanga dzimbiri, komanso kutentha kotsika kwambiri kuposa 50¡c.

Mulingo wa kufanana, kulola filimu yolimba ya oxide, siziyenera kukhala ndi ming'alu, kuperewera ndi zilema zina. Njirayi imagawidwa kukhala malo otentha owotcha ndi pepala lozizira
Kuimbira 36: Opanda K93600, W.NR 1.3912

Monil K500 chubu ndi chitoliro chimaphatikiza bwino kutsutsana ndi mawonekedwe a Monil Aloy 400

Zimawonetsa kukana bwino kusalowerera ndale. Izi za alloy zimapanga mwa khumi ndi chimodzi, filimu yoteteza yomwe siyitalikirapo, koma imasunganso kukana kwa makutina kuposa kutentha.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Prososion Fretelloy kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mafakitale a mankhwala. Kufunika koyenera kumabweretsa mwayi wovomerezeka ndi mphamvu zawo, thanzi komanso zachilengedwe, mafuta ndi mpweya, mafakitale a mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Chromium Molbdenum alloy chitsulo kapena chromium Molbdenum, cromium Molybdenum, crmo ndi chitsulo chovuta chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri komanso kupanikizika kwambiri.

Nilo \ / alloy k W.NR.: 1.3981
Zovala zachitsulo zachitsulo
Inter 36 ® ndi chitsulo-chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel, IMPARS 36 ili ndi zochulukirapo pakukula kwa kutentha kwa a Crogenic pafupifupi + 260 ° C).
\ / 5 kutengera

Alloy 800 weld weck
Mbale yachitsulo nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati magwiridwe antchito komanso omanga, zombo zokakamira, zamadzi zam'madzi ndi zochokera kunyanja, komanso ntchito zankhondo. Gawo, zinthu ndi magawo a mbale yachitsulo ndizofunikira kwambiri momwe imagwiritsidwira ntchito.

Mapaipi 254 amatha kupirira kupsinjika kwa makina opanga masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso aloy 254 osuma amagwira ntchito yopanikizika kwambiri komanso malo okhala.

Pulogalamu yachitsulo yocheperako imatanthawuza mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi makulidwe osapitirira 3 mm. Makulidwe owonda ang'onoang'ono ocheperako ndi 0,5-2nso, omwe amagawidwa m'mapepala ndi coul. Owonda

Zitsulo zozungulira zimakhala ndi zonena za chmiomium zomwe zimakhala zonyowa kuwonongeka, komanso kukonza mphamvu zake zazikulu kwambiri komanso kukula kwa kutentha kwambiri kukana.

Kuphatikiza pa S32750 Super Duptux Kuthamangako sikofunikira kupatula kusokoneza zitsulo zozizira.

316l 1.4401 s31603 Chipika chosapanga dzimbiri ndi njira yolimba komanso yolimba yofananira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazosiyanasiyana za mafakitale ndi malonda. Izi s31603 chitoliro chimapangidwa kuchokera pazinthu zapamwamba za 316l osapanga dzimbiri mosapanga dzimbiri mosapanga chipongwe, oxidation ndi chomata, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino m'malo mwazinthu zovuta kapena zovuta.

Magalasi okhazikika - omwe adayikapo sayansi-nickel-cobalt matobala, Kovar Smows, ali ndi mzere wowonjezera wowonjezera wofanana ndi galasi lolimba mkati mwa kutentha kwina

Phokoso C-276 ndi Nickel-Molybdenum-Chromium-Tungsten-Tungsten Colouser Conserrion Consencer ndi Makina Abwino. The alloy iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito madera omwe amafunikira kukana matenda a introganic acids, opangidwa ndi aceric, acetic acid, madzi a acetic ndi masinthidwe am'madzi ndi brine.

FSTEOLLOY C2000 ikupezeka mu mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi makulidwe amtunduwu, mtundu uwu wa chromium-molybdenum aroyoy amadziwika bwino chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zazikulu komanso kukana.

Montel K500 ili ndi mphamvu katatu ndikukolola mphamvu ndi kawiri mphamvu ya Monli 400, ndipo katundu wapamwamba amatha kupezeka ndi ozizira pantchito kapena ukalamba. Montel K500 Anoy ali ndi vuto lomwelo monga Monl 400 anoy.

ASMM A213 TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316L, TP327, TP3427, TP3425, TP3425, S3125, S3126, NO8904

Kuchulukitsa kwa titanium ndi pafupifupi 60% yomwe ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi nickel polosys, kupulumutsa thupi kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chodziwika bwino pakugwiritsa ntchito monga Arrospace.

Pulogalamu yowonjezera yowonjezera imatanthawuza mbale yachitsulo yokhala ndi makulidwe osakwana 50 mm. Mbale zowonjezera zowonjezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pomuphunzitsa zombo, boulders, milatho ndi mikwingwirima yayikulu kwambiri

Kuwala kwamphumm topt ndi ma flangers omwe adapangira kuti aphatikizidwe ndi makina owotcherera. Flange yamtunduwu imaphatikizapo zonena zambiri.

S32750 S32760 Super Duptur Down Duels osapanga matope okhala ndi chipongwe chapamwamba ku chloride kupsinjika

Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa 304 ndi 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikuti kalasi 266 ili ndi zinthu zambiri zokulirapo, nthawi zambiri 2-3% ndi kukana.

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potalika. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kusinthasintha kukonza. Flange imalumikiza chitoliro ndi zida ndi mavuvu osiyanasiyana. Kuledzera kumawonjezeredwa mu dongosolo lapaipi ngati kukonza pafupipafupi komwe kumafunikira pa ntchito yobzala.

ASMM A269TP304, TP304L, TP316, TP316, TP3277, S3826

Chitoliro chowoneka bwino chimapangidwa kuti chijambulidwe patsamba kumapeto kwake ndikulumikizani mapaipe (s) ndikulola kusintha njira kapena kuthirira kapena kutha.
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Chubu chosowa
Chitoliro chowala
Chubu chowala
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Kukula OD: 1 \ / 2 "~ 48" "
Duptux Shareel
Bar yolimba yamkuwa kuzungulira Bar A182 F22 Bar
Kupanga njira yopanga yotentha \ / ntchito yotentha, yozizira
Kupanga que b36.10 asme B36.19

Sae 304 Chitsulo chopanda dzimbiri ndiye chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zitsulo zimakhala ndi zonse ziwiri zachitsulo (pakati pa 18% ndi 20%) ndi nickel (pakati pa 8% ndi 10,5%). Ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Zimakhala zochepa zamagetsi komanso zomwe zimayambitsa thupi kuposa chitsuloboni. Ndi maginito, koma ochepa mphamvu kuposa chitsulo. Ili ndi chipongwe chachikulu kuposa chitsulo chokhazikika ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chifukwa cha kupangika komwe kumapangidwira mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. [1]

Astm ASME SB 472 Fritelloy C22 Yopangidwa Rough Bar Serwing SROR SRAO SAR
Ictives 600 yozungulira ndi intoy-valkel-brad-cenel carburrization ndi kukana bwino kuwonongedwa kwakukulu. Zingwe zozungulira 600 zozungulira zimagwira ntchito kuyanika cl2 ndi mipweya ina yambiri yofananira ndi kutentha kwambiri. Alloy 600 bar ndi a chromial-cromiyal-cromiyal-cromiyal-chloride bwino oxidation ndi kukana ku chloride kuwonongeka kwa chloride kugwa, ukhondo wamadzi acid kumatentha.

Chigawo cha chizolowezi chozizira cha 718 chimapangidwa pambuyo pa njira yotentha imatha.

Nthawi zambiri N08367 imatchedwanso Al6xn Al6xn ndi kaboni yotsika, yoyera kwambiri, nulytel-molybdenum yolimbana ndi crevice.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa 304 ndi 316 chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndikuti kalasi ya maolyb 316 imakhala ndi kulemera kosawoneka bwino, ndipo ...
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Chubu chosowa
Chitoliro chowala
Chubu chowala
Adawona lsaw efw efw
Opangidwa Mapeto, Mapeto Omveka "
Kukula OD: 1 \ / 2 "~ 48" "
Duptux Shareel
Bar yolimba yamkuwa kuzungulira Bar A182 F22 Bar
Kupanga njira yopanga yotentha \ / ntchito yotentha, yozizira
Zida ndi zipolopolo zapamwamba kwambiri, etc.

Kuphatikiza pa kutsitsikira kwakukulu, zomwe zidalitse zimagawana zinthu zina zingapo ndi nickel. Mwachitsanzo, Astme B164 Moniel 400 Round Serrate ndioyenerera kugwira ntchito moyenera pakuchepetsa ntchito chifukwa Nickel amagwira ntchito bwino pochepetsa malo.

Asme B36.19M ndiye wofanana ndendende ndi mapaipi achitsulo osapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimafotokoza kukula kwake, kulolerana, ndi zomwe amapanga maenda owala komanso osaka.

ASMM A312 TP316 ndi njira yokhazikika ya msoko, komanso kuzizira kwambiri osakhazikika opaleshoni ya chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutentha kwambiri ndi ntchito wamba. Chitoliro chosawoneka bwino mafakitale chimapangidwa kuchokera ku chromium, nickel, ndi molybdenum, omwe amapereka SS Quams Stuam Turnion ku kutukula ndi dzimbiri.

Nickel kutengera 800 inclooy chitoliro chomwe chimadziwika kuti ndi kukana bwino kuwonongeka. Makamaka kuyankhula, chisumbulu 800 chitoliro chimapereka kukana mokwanira zotsutsana ndi ma carburization onse komanso oxidation kutukula.

Izi zimathandizira kuthana ndi sulufuric acid. Ilinso ndi mawu apamwamba kwambiri, kuti apititsenso kukana kwake kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi njira zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mitsinje yolimba ndi mpweya wosungunuka.

Nilo Anoy 36, w.NR 1.3912, Inciar 36 ® ndi chitsulo chotsika kwambiri chomwe chili ndi 36% Nickel ndipo ali ndi gawo la kufalikira kwa gawo limodzi la chitsulo cha kaboni pafupifupi.

Incrooy 800h Valnge Tili ndi mbiri yolimba mu malonda popanga mitundu yayikulu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya makasitomala athu. Timakhala ngati infolisoy ma fronges omwe ndi odalirika komanso apamwamba kwambiri. Timagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsogola komanso makina apamwamba popanga assowm B564 SIMIL N08800 Stuliloy ma fronges 800.

304 Nphwemba zopondapondazikulu zimapangidwa ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zinthu wamba komanso zodziwika bwino muzogwiritsidwa ntchito zambiri zamakampani zomwe zimafunikira kukana kuwonongeka ndi oxidation. Nyansiweli iyi ya S30400 imakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina apadera ndi njira, zomwe zikuwonetsetsa kuti ndi olondola komanso odalirika.
Ma coil 625 amadziwika ndi kukana kwake kwabwino kwa oxidation, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutopa. ASTM B443 SANDO N06625 SIVELEILE imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu anthospace, mankhwala kutengera ndi mafuta ndi mafakitale chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.
Nickel Anoy 400 ndi Monl 400, omwe amadziwikanso kuti ndi N04400 Nictal-Copy-Copy-Copy kukhala makamaka mwa atatu a Nickel ndi chachitatu. Nickel Anoy 400 amadziwika chifukwa chokana kusiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza alkalis (kapena asidi), madzi amchere, ma hydrofluoric acid. Kuyambira monoy 400 kapena Aloy 400 ndi chitsulo chozizira chogwira ntchito, chivomerezichi chimakhala cholimba, kuuma ndi mphamvu. Pogwira ntchito yozizira astm B164 SARD N04400 bar stock, alloy imayang'aniridwa ndi kupsinjika kwamakina, komwe kumapangitsa kusintha kwa micrestructuctuctution ya Alloy.

FOSTELOLOY C276 ndi imodzi mwazinthu zochepa zomwe zimatha kupirira zowononga clorine, hypochlorite ndi chlorine dioxide.

Imatha kupirira mankhwala osiyanasiyana osakhazikika komanso osasinthasintha, ndikuwonetsa kukana kwakukulu ndikumenya ndi Crevice pamaso pa chlorides ndi ma halides ena.
chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri 304 316 316 316 lolonthalo lolore - Zhengzhou Huitong Mapaipi Mapaipi
mbale. Makamaka kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku Changlin Dongfeng mafani, magalimoto amagetsi, zida zamagetsi, magalimoto a ulimi, makina, mipando yachitsulo, etc.
Dzina lalikulu la bolodi labwino.
Mapulogalamu achitsulo nthawi zambiri amakhala a makhate a B-engel-ozizira kapena otentha osalala ndi zitsulo zokhala ndi zitsulo B0-B3. Zofunikira za mbale zowonda: yosalala, yosalala, yofewa, yokulumala
Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana, mafakitale angapo amagwiritsa ntchito 625 kuphatikiza kupanga magetsi a nyukiliya, marine \ / boits \ / maula, ndi amboppace.
Kenako kuyenera kukhala gawo la kachitidwe koyendetsa madzi (mafuta, gasi, nthunzi, macheza, ...) mtunda wautali kapena wautali.
Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zopondaponda m'mafuta ndi mafuta a gasi \ / kupanga ndi kusinthidwa kwa kutentha mu petrochemical \ / mankhwala.
Amaphatikizanso kukana kwakukulu kwa oxidizing sing'anga C276 ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa omwe sakusintha.
Sch40 Monol 400 chitoliro chimasankhidwa kukhala nambala ya Werkstoff 2.4360 ndi N04400. Chipika 400 chimadziwikanso kuti Monil Anoy chitoliro cha 400, Monl 400 Pipe & Nickel Chitoliro 400.
KOR8367 SUMFY SUBE AL6XN WOPHUNZITSIRA
FOSTELOLOY C2000 amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri kuphatikizapo mafakitale a petrochemical, makonzedwe a mankhwala opanga mafuta, zophika zamafuta ndi zomera.
blog.

Ickel iyi ya Nickel imaperekanso malo oyenera ku malo omwe kuchepetsa ndi oxidizing amakumana nawo m'mitsinje. Izi ndi zopindulitsa pakupanga zinthu zingapo momwe izi zimakhalira ndi zoterezi.

Mapaipi a kusokonekera kosasaka kumakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi katundu wapamwamba kwambiri komanso mphamvu zambiri.

Chingwe chimakhala chachiwiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana pambuyo potchere. Ma flanges amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zolumikizira zolumikizira. Imapereka kukonzanso kwamphamvu. Flange imalumikiza chitolirocho ndi malingaliro ndi mavavu osiyanasiyana. Milandu yopumira imawonjezera dongosolo lapaipi lapakati ngati kukonza nthawi zonse muzomera.

Chingwe chimakhala chokwera, milomo kapena rim, kunja kwa zakunja kapena mkati, zomwe zimathandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu (monga mtengo wamtambo kapena t-bat); Kuti mulumikizidwe mosavuta \ / kusamutsa kwa kulumikizana ndi chinthu china (monga chowala kumapeto kwa chitoliro, scal cylinder, etc., kapena pamunda wa mandala); kapena pokhazikitsa ndikuwongolera mayendedwe a makina kapena mbali zake (monga tambala mkati mwagalimoto kapena gudumu la tram, zomwe zimapangitsa mawilo kuti asamayendetse njanji). Mawu akuti "Flange" imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chida chogwiritsidwa ntchito chopanga ma flanges.
Mbale zachitsulo zimawerengedwa ndi makulidwe: mbale yoonda, mbale yamiyala yambiri komanso mbale yowonjezera.
Ngati zobisika zanu zakunja ndi zodetsedwa, osati zowopsa zomwe zingatulutse zigawo zonse zamagetsi mkati, koma zitha kukhala zotsika mtengo kuti zisafupikitsidwe. Tikulankhula za kuwonongeka kwa magawo ndi m'malo mwake, kukonza ndalama, kuphatikizapo ntchito yopuma. Ndawonapo zoopsa zina zomwe chipolopolo chimakhazikika. Tazindikira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo cha 316 m'malo mwa magawo 304 osapanga dzimbiri zomwe zidzawonetsedwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga ma rigs a mafuta, sizimangowonjezera moyo wa mpanda, ndizotetezeka.